Abstract: The subject is providing a crystallizing device of a biopolymer, which made to form biopolymer crystal efficiently in crystallization solution of a small amount of biopolymers by applying a low voltage and not to make an electrode disturb but observable a state of crystal formation. As an electrode for applying an electric field to a biopolymer solution, a transparent conductor, which does not disturb crystal formation, is used. Between the transparent conductor electrodes 2s, the electric insulating member 4 is placed and the crystallization solution 1 for a small amount of biopolymers is maintained inter-electrode. A biopolymer is efficiently crystallized by applying a low voltage supplied from the voltage generator 5 to the transparent conductor electrode 2. A crystal formation state of a biopolymer is optically observable from the electrode side of a transparent conductor. Orientation control of the biopolymer can be performed by an electric field formed by the above-mentioned voltage application.

Abstract: A crystallization device is for protein crystallization with a small amount of a sample in the liquid to liquid diffusion method. It is easy to fill the device with protein solution and precipitant solution and easy to pick up grown crystals from the device. The device comprises a channel plate made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the first and second cover sheets made of polyethylene terephthalate. The channel plate includes at least one elongated channel having one side which extends in the longitudinal direction of the channel, the one side being exposed at the bottom surface of the channel plate. The channel has both ends which communicate with a protein solution inlet and a precipitant solution inlet respectively. The channel also communicates midway with a gel inlet and a vent hole. When picking up grown crystals from the device, the second cover sheet is cut off with a cutter knife so that the channel is exposed.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for assessing in-situ crystal formation in a test sample. Both optical imaging and X-ray diffraction techniques are utilized, with the results of these processes being combined in such a way as to produce an overall score relating to the aptness of crystalline material for harvesting and subsequent X-ray crystallography.

Abstract: According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for forming a semiconductor film comprising a first step of providing a solution comprising a first organic semiconductor and a second organic semiconductor on a surface of a substrate. The solution is then dried to form the semiconductor film so that it comprises discrete domains of the first organic semiconductor in a matrix of the second organic semiconductor which electrically connects adjacent domains of the first organic semiconductor. The first and second semiconductors are of the same conductivity type. The mobility of charge carriers in the domains of the first organic semiconductor is higher than the mobility of charge carriers in the matrix of the second organic semiconductor.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an elastomeric structure, comprising: forming a first elastomeric layer on top of a first micromachined mold, the first micromachined mold having a first raised protrusion which forms a first recess extending along a bottom surface of the first elastomeric layer; forming a second elastomeric layer on top of a second micromachined mold, the second micromachined mold having a second raised protrusion which forms a second recess extending along a bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer; bonding the bottom surface of the second elastomeric layer onto a top surface of the first elastomeric layer such that a control channel forms in the second recess between the first and second elastomeric layers; and positioning the first elastomeric layer on top of a planar substrate such that a flow channel forms in the first recess between the first elastomeric layer and the planar substrate.

Abstract: The objective of the invention is a crystallizing method for macromolecules, especially proteins and polypeptides, in which selected polysaccharides of biological origin, such as alginate, pectin, dextrin or chitosan and hydrolysates thereof, are used as reagents. Sedimentation of the crystals can be prevented and thus the uniformity of the product contributed with the method. The method can be used to prepare new crystal forms of the polypeptide and to improve the stability of crystals.

Abstract: The methods provided use external fields such as light and electricity as a means of directing the crystallization of concentrated colloidal systems. Not only can nucleation be directed, crystal melting can be carefully controlled and light-induced crystal diffraction used as a means of directing light propagation. A number of factors play a significant role on the crystallization rate and location, including the intensity of the light field, the magnitude of the electric field, the colloid concentration, the colloid size, and the colloid composition. In varying these parameters, kinetics in these processes are extremely fast when compared to traditional colloidal crystallization approaches.

Abstract: A method for the crystallization of macromolecules in a three-phase system using a vessel containing a lower aqueous phase, a middle phase and an upper hydrophobic phase having a lower density than that of the lower aqueous phase, wherein an aqueous solution of the macromolecules is added to the middle phase to form a fourth phase, followed by incubation.

Abstract: A device and process for crystallizing a compound using hydrodynamic cavitation comprising the steps of mixing at least one stream of a feed solution of such compound to be crystallized with at least one stream of an anti-solvent in a nucleating section via collision of the feed solution and the anti-solvent, passing the mixed streams at an elevated pressure through at least one local constriction of flow to create hydrodynamic cavitation thereby causing nucleation and the production of seed crystals, passing the fluid stream containing the seed crystals through an intermediate section to a crystal growth section, passing the fluid stream containing the seed crystals through the crystal growth section at an elevated pressure through at least one local constriction of flow to create hydrodynamic cavitation thereby causing further crystallization of the compound contained in the solution.

Abstract: High throughput screening of crystallization of a target material is accomplished by simultaneously introducing a solution of the target material into a plurality of chambers of a microfabricated fluidic device. The microfabricated fluidic device is then manipulated to vary the solution condition in the chambers, thereby simultaneously providing a large number of crystallization environments. Control over changed solution conditions may result from a variety of techniques, including but not limited to metering volumes of crystallizing agent into the chamber by volume exclusion, by entrapment of volumes of crystallizing agent determined by the dimensions of the microfabricated structure, or by cross-channel injection of sample and crystallizing agent into an array of junctions defined by intersecting orthogonal flow channels.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for fabricating hafnia film comprising the steps of providing a substrate having a surface that allows formation of a self-assembled monolayer thereon via covalent bonding; providing an aqueous solution that provides homogeneous hafnium ionic complexes and hafnium nanoclusters wherein the aqueous solution is capable of undergoing homogeneous precipitation under controlled conditions for a desired period of time at a controlled temperature and controlled solution acidity for desired nanocluster nucleation and growth kinetics, desired nanocluster size, desired growth rate of film thickness and desired film surface characteristics.

Abstract: A method is provided for the isolation of high purity crystalline citalopram (1-[3-dimethylamino)propyl}-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-5-isobenzofurancarbonitrile) base directly from the alkylation reaction mixture of 5-cyanophthalane with N,N-dimethylaminoprpylchloride in a polar aprotic solvent using a strong base. The method comprises: (a) diluting the reaction mixture with ice cold water and extracting the resulting mixture with a water-immiscible organic solvent; (b) re-extracting the water-immiscible organic solvent extract with an aqueous acid; (c) diluting the aqueous acid extract with a substantially equal volume of a water miscible organic solvent, based on the volume of water in the aqueous acid extract; (d) adjusting the pH to basic with an inorganic base to precipitate free crystalline base and (e) further isolating the precipitated free crystalline base by filration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing high-quality crystals of protein or organic substances easily and efficiently. A solution of protein or an organic substance is prepared and then is cooled slowly to be supersaturated to a low degree. This supersaturated solution is irradiated with a femtosecond laser 10. A local explosion phenomenon occurs at the focal point of the laser and thereby a crystalline nucleus is generated. A high-quality crystal is obtained when a crystal is grown on the crystalline nucleus over a long period of time. The femtosecond laser to be used herein can be a titanium:sapphire laser having a wavelength of 800 nm, a duration of 120 fs, a frequency of 1 kHz, and an output of 400 mW.

Abstract: A crystalline material sufficiently pure for use in pharmaceuticals may be made by forming a saturated solution of the material changing the temperature of the solution so it becomes supersaturated, and briefly subjecting the solution to irradiation by high intensity ultrasound, before allowing the solution to cool gradually without further irradiation. The ultrasound may be applied using a vessel with an array of ultrasonic transducers attached to a wall, so each transducer radiates no more than 3 W/cm2 yet the power dissipation within the vessel is between 25 and 150 W/litre. This method can reduce the metastable zone width to less than 10 K. There is no erosion of the wall and consequently no formation of small particles of metal. It is applicable for example to aspartame, and to amino acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining crystallization in a very small amount of a material of interest (eg a chemical or biological material of interest).

Abstract: A temperature- and evaporation-controlled device for the crystallization of proteins from a protein-containing solution. The device comprises a compartment, such as a microcapillary tube, for holding the solution from which crystals are formed. The compartment is in communication with a cold generating unit, such as a cold finger, that maintains a temperature lower than the temperature of the compartment thereby causing de-watering of the solution. A vacuum pump can be attached to the device to reduce vapor pressure to further promote de-watering of the solution. The device can be used terrestrially or in a microgravity environment, such as in outer space, for formation of high quality protein crystals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anisotropic films and method for obtaining the same. The film comprises substrate and at least one modified conjugated aromatic crystalline layer deposited onto said substrate. The said layer is characterized by globally ordered crystalline structure with intermolecular spacing of 3.4±0.3 ? along one of optical axes. The modified conjugated aromatic crystalline layer is formed by rodlike supramolecules, which comprise at least one polycyclic organic compound with conjugated ?-system. At least part of the modified conjugated aromatic crystalline layer has electric conductivity and is slightly soluble or insoluble in polar solvents. The films are useful in optical applications, such as polarizers and retarders, and in electronic and light emitting devices, such as fiber optics modulators and switches, solar cells, charge-coupled device (CCD), thin film transistor integrated circuits, light emitting diodes, and light emitting displays.

Abstract: A diL-lysine monosulfate trihydrate crystal which has a large tabular form and is more easily separable from the mother liquor. The crystal is obtained by a novel process of conducting crystallization at a lower temperature.

Abstract: An organic single-crystalline film useful as a functional film in various devices is produced by selecting a liquid crystal material having a good molecular alignment regularity, disposing the liquid crystal material between a pair of boundaries exerting a thickness regulating force and solidifying the liquid crystal material while imparting a molecular alignment order by phase transition from a liquid crystal phase. The liquid crystal material may preferably be a smectic liquid crystal material which provides a uniform molecular alignment inclusive of the direction of the molecular long axis in a smectic phase.

Abstract: A microfluidic device is provided that comprises: a substrate; and a plurality of microvolumes at least partially defined by the substrate, each microvolume comprising a first submicrovolume and a second submicrovolume in fluid communication with the first submicrovolume when the device is rotated about a first rotational axis; wherein rotation of the device about the first rotational axis causes a fixed volume to be transported to each of the second submicrovolumes.

Abstract: An organic single-crystalline film useful as a functional film in various devices is produced by selecting a liquid crystal material having a good molecular alignment regularity, disposing the liquid crystal material between a pair of boundaries exerting a thickness regulating force and solidifying the liquid crystal material while imparting a molecular alignment order by phase transition from a liquid crystal phase. The liquid crystal material may preferably be a smectic liquid crystal material which provides a uniform molecular alignment inclusive of the direction of the molecular long axis in a smectic phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides machine readable media embedded with the three-dimensional atomic structure coordinates of Synagis Fab, and subsets thereof, and methods of using them.

Abstract: A three dimensional photonic crystal and layer-by-layer processes of fabricating the photonic crystal. A substrate is exposed to a plurality of first microspheres made of a first material, the first material being of a type that will bond to the templated substrate and form a self-passivated layer of first microspheres to produce a first layer. The first layer is exposed to a plurality of second microspheres made of a second material, the second material being of a type that will bond to the first layer and form a self-passivated layer of second microspheres. This layering of alternating first and second microspheres can be repeated as desired to build a three dimensional photonic crystal of desired geometry. Charged polymers such as polyelectrolyte coatings can be used to create the bonds.

Abstract: Amorphous or polycrystalline films have been recrystallized into single-crystal thin films (of micrometer thickness) by a zone melting technique, in which an electrically heated wire generated a narrow heated or molten zone (0.5-2 mm wide) on the substrate sandwiched between two pieces of glass or indium-tin-oxide-coated glass. The substrate can be either an organic or inorganic compound. When the molten zone was moved slowly (3-120 ?m/min) across the layer from one end of the cell to the other, a single-crystal film was produced after a single pass. This technique allows for thin film purification and an improvement in electronic, optical, and optoelectronic properties of the thin film. After this treatment, the steady-state short-circuit photocurrent can be improved by several orders of magnitude. These films are useful in the fields of optics and electronics for improving the performance in devices such as thin-film transistors and organic light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: A microfluidic device is provided that comprises: a substrate; and a plurality of microvolumes at least partially defined by the substrate, each microvolume comprising a first submicrovolume and a second submicrovolume that is in fluid communication with the first submicrovolume when the device is rotated, the plurality of microvolumes being arranged in the device such that fluid in the first submicrovolumes of multiple of the microvolumes are transported to second submicrovolumes of the associated microvolumes when the device is rotated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the crystallization of substances having a narrow metastable supersaturation zone. In the process the saturation of a solution is gradually increased and the solution is seeded for the crystallization. The seeding is performed at a seeding point which is selected in response to a signal received from said process indicating imminent or initial spontaneous nucleation. The process provides a good crystal yield and a crystalline product having a uniform crystal structure and a narrow crystal size distribution.

Abstract: A homogeneous crystal having excellent stability which is suitable for the industrial-scale production of 5-[(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-N-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide (KRP-297). The novel crystal of KRP-297 is produced through recrystallization from an alcohol solvent. It is characterized by having diffraction angles (2&thgr;) at at least 9.7°, 15.0°, and 22.5° in X-ray powder diffractometry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method including adding water to a solution of (2R,3S)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1,2-epoxy-4-phenylbutane ((2R,3S)-epoxide compound) or (2S,3R)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1,2-epoxy-4-phenylbutane ((2S,3R)-epoxide compound) in a polar solvent to allow crystallization, whereby to produce crystals of the (2R,3S)-epoxide compound or the (2S,3R)-epoxide compound conveniently in a high yield by an industrial production method without requiring an extremely low temperature.

Abstract: A three dimensional photonic crystal and layer-by-layer processes of fabricating the photonic crystal. A templated substrate is exposed to a plurality of first microspheres made of a first material, the first material being of a type that will bond to the templated substrate and form a self-passivated layer of first microspheres to produce a first layer. The first layer is exposed to a plurality of second microspheres made of a second material, the second material being of a type that will bond to the first layer and form a self-passivated layer of second microspheres. This layering of alternating first and second microspheres can be repeated as desired to build a three dimensional photonic crystal of desired geometry.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more undecamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 25 to 100 weight percent of one or more undecamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of undecamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more undecamantane components.

Abstract: A crystallization tray includes a plurality of crystallization cells, each cell having a reservoir adapted to receive an equilibrating solution, a shelf located adjacent to the reservoir and adapted for use as a temporary cryogenic holding area for a crystallized substance and/or a sample holding area, and a sample drop receptacle carried by the shelf and adapted to receive a sample drop including a crystallizable substance. A related method for forming macromolecular crystals includes dispensing an equilibrating solution in the reservoirs, dispensing a plurality of macromolecular solution droplets in the sample drop receptacles, covering the cells with a cover; and crystallizing the crystallizable substance by vapor diffusion.

Abstract: A polarized organic photonics device, including an LED or photovoltaic device, is comprised of a first conductive layer or electrode coated with a friction transferred alignment material, a photoactive material, and a second electrically conductive layer or electrode. The alignment material provides for the orientation of the subsequently deposited photoactive material such that the photoactive material interacts with or emits light preferentially along a selected polarization axis. Additional layers and sublayers optimize and tune the optical and electronic responses of the device.

Abstract: Methods for preparing organic thin films on substrates, the method comprising the steps of providing a plurality of organic precursors in the vapor phase, and reacting the plurality or organic precursors at a sub-atmospheric pressure. Also included are thin films made by such a method and apparatuses used to conduct such a method. The method is well-suited to the formation of organic light emitting devices and other display-related technologies.

Abstract: Crystal growth can be initiated and controlled by dynamically controlled vapor diffusion or temperature change. In one aspect, the present invention uses a precisely controlled vapor diffusion approach to monitor and control protein crystal growth. The system utilizes a humidity sensor and various interfaces under computer control to effect virtually any evaporation rate from a number of different growth solutions simultaneously by means of an evaporative gas flow. A static laser light scattering sensor can be used to detect aggregation events and trigger a change in the evaporation rate for a growth solution. A control/follower configuration can be used to actively monitor one chamber and accurately control replicate chambers relative to the control chamber. In a second aspect, the invention exploits the varying solubility of proteins versus temperature to control the growth of protein crystals.

Abstract: Provided is a method which can facilitate crystallization of a biological macromolecule such as protein. A silicon crystal whose valence electrons are controlled so that the concentration of holes or electrons in the surface part can be controlled in response to the environment of a buffer solution containing a biological macromolecule such as protein is brought into contact with the solution, for depositing a crystal of the biological macromolecule on the surface of the silicon crystal. A plurality of grooves or holes whose sizes differ from each other are formed on the silicon crystal, and the valence electrons are so controlled that crystallization of the biological macromolecule is facilitated inside rather than outside the grooves or holes. The crystal of the biological macromolecule grows in the grooves or holes coming into contact with the solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a structured layer of defined functional molecules on the surface of a flat substrate, on the surface of which structures having different surface properties, at least as regards their hydrophobicity, are produced. A monolayer of a protein-containing crystalline cell surface layer (S layer) is deposited by recrystallization on said structured surface. Said S Layer binds only to those structured areas of the surface characterized by raised hydrophobicity. Alternatively, a structured S-layer may also be produced on the basis of a monolayer of an S layer deposited on a substrate by irradiating predefined sections of said layer to be structured with radiation of a predetermined intensity and energy. In the irradiated sections of the S-layer this suppresses the binding or intercalating ability of at least one surface.

Abstract: Compressed gases, liquefied gases, or supercritical fluids are utilized as anti-solvents in a crystal growing process for complex molecules. Crystals of the present invention exhibit greater crystal size and improved morphology over crystals obtained by conventional methods.

Abstract: An alternative and improved method for cleaning cooling and/or crystallization surfaces of a crystallizer fouled with a crystallized bisphenol as a result of processing a slurry derived from the production of bisphenol is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) draining from 20 to 80%, and preferably about 50% of the slurry from the crystallizer; (b) replacing the drained slurry with a solvent comprising phenol, thereby forming a diluted slurry; (c) increasing the temperature in the crystallizer to a temperature at which the crystallized bisphenol is dissolved in the diluted slurry, and then rapidly cooling the diluted slurry to a temperature of 45 to 55° C.; and (d) adding a seed slurry containing solid bisphenol at a concentration of 5 to 30%. The seed slurry has a temperature of 45 to 55° C. and is added until conditions are established at which bisphenol crystals added to the crystallizer do not redissolve.

Abstract: A method which can control crystallization of a biopolymer such as protein is provided. A silicon crystal (15) whose valence electrons are controlled to be capable of controlling the concentration of holes or electrons of the surface part in response to the environment of a buffer solution (14) containing the biopolymer such as protein is brought into contact with the solution (14), for getting a crystal of the biopolymer deposited on the surface of the silicon crystal (15). Crystallization is controlled by an electrical state which is generated by the controlled valence electrons on the surface of the silicon crystal (15).

Abstract: A method which can control crystallization of a biopolymer such as protein is provided. A silicon crystal (15) whose valence electrons are controlled to be capable of controlling the concentration of holes or electrons of the surface part in response to the environment of a mother liquor (14) containing the biopolymer such as protein is brought into contact with a buffer solution (12), for getting a crystal of the biopolymer deposited on the surface of the silicon crystal (15). Crystallization is controlled by an electrical state which is generated by the controlled valence electrons on the surface of the silicon crystal (15).

Abstract: A method of optical enantiomer resolution by preferential crystallization involves entering, each time crystallization starts, the two-phase domain containing excess enantiomer and the saturated solution, and cooling according to a well-defined kinetic schedule. A racemic mixture of fine particle size is added to the mother liquors obtained after harvesting the crystals, the mother liquors then being heated to a temperature lower than that of homogenization of the solution so that excess enantiomer is present only in a solid state in equilibrium with the solution. Further cooling produces the other enantiomer and completes the cycle of operations which may then be carried out repetitively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the growth and alignment of crystals at biopolymeric films. The methods and compositions of the present invention provide means to generate a variety of dense crystalline ceramic films, with totally aligned crystals, at low temperatures and pressures, suitable for use with polymer and plastic substrates.

Abstract: A device for specific formation of nuclei or crystals on the surface of a dielectric in contact with a solution, especially on the functional groups of a polymer, in which there is a device for generating an electric field in the dielectric.

Abstract: A method of producing a semiconducting material comprises reacting one or more of halogenosilanes with an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal in an inert solvent to give a condensate and thermally decomposing the condensate. The condensate is dissolved in a suitable solvent such as toluene and tetrahydrofuran and applied by casting to a suitable substrate. The resulting semiconductor material in its film form has an optical band-gap (EO) of usually 0.1-4.0 eV.

Abstract: For manufacturing fine structures, nuclei that define the dimensions of the fine structures are formed on the surface of a substrate in a CVD process upon employment of a first process gas that contains SiH.sub.4 and GeH.sub.4 in a carrier gas. The nuclei can be employed both as a mask, for example, when etching or implanting, as will as active or passive component parts that remain in the structure, for example, as charge storages in the dielectric of an EEPROM.

Abstract: A convenient two-step dipping technique for preparing high-quality thin films of a variety of perovskites is provided by the invention. Thin films of Mi.sub.2 (M=Pb, Sn) were first prepared by vacuum-depositing MI.sub.2 onto ash glass or quart substrates, which were subsequently dipped into a solution containing the desired organic ammonium cation for a short period of time. Using this technique, thin films of different layered organic-inorganic perovskites (RNH.sub.3).sub.2 (CH.sub.3 NH.sub.3).sub.n-1 M.sub.n I.sub.3n+1 (R=butyl, phenethyl; M=Pb, Sn; and n=1, 2) and three-dimensional perovskites CH.sub.3 NH.sub.3 MI.sub.3 (M=Pb, Sn; i.e. n=.infin.) were successfully prepared at room temperature. The lattice constants of these dip-processed perovskites are very similar to those of the corresponding compounds prepared by solution-growth or by solid state reactions. The layered perovskite thin films possess strong photoluminescence, distributed uniformly across the film areas.

Abstract: A process employing a supercritical fluid anti-solvent for sizing prednisolone acetate is disclosed. The process optionally incorporates sterilization filters. Average particle sizes of about 1 .mu.m or less (number average) and narrow particle size ranges are obtainable. The process comprises the steps of (a) forming a solution by dissolving prednisolone acetate in acetone such that the concentration of prednisolone acetate is approximately 80% or less of its solubility in acetone; and (b) transporting the solution formed in step (a) through an orifice having a diameter of 50-100 .mu.m into a mixer/expander containing compressed CO.sub.2, wherein the compressed CO.sub.2 is at a temperature from about 40.degree. to 80.degree. C. and has a density less than the density of the solution by at least 0.3 g/cc, to expand the solution so that the acetone dissolves in the CO.sub.2 and the prednisolone acetate precipitates.

Abstract: Oriented materials are described in which particular crystalline materials are grown on a highly-oriented polytetrafluoroethylene substrate. Compositions are provided comprising a layer of aligned molecular chains of oriented polytetrafluoroethylene and an overlayer of a second polymer that imparts desired properties to the construction. A third layer of crystallizable, orientable material is then deposited on the overlayer. The third layer becomes oriented. The materials are useful as polarizers when the third layer is a polarizing dye.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method of manufacturing a microstructure pattern of a high orientation aggregate of organic molecular material by forming a fine pattern made by single crystal growing ionic material of another property on an ionic substrate by lithography and epitaxial growth, and forming a pattern made by organic molecular material having functionability to light on the fine pattern by utilizing dependence of substrate material of crystal growth rate in epitaxial growth, and is applied to the formation of a microstructure pattern of organic molecular material which can be utilized for optical waveguide, optical integrated circuit, non-linear optical element and laser resonator.

Abstract: In a method using organic vapor phase deposition (OCPD), for the growth of thin films of optically nonlinear organic salts, a volatile precursor of each component of the salt is carried as a vapor to a hot-wall reaction chamber by independently controlled streams of carrier gas. The components react to form a polycrystalline thin film on substrates of glass and gold. Excess reactants and reaction products are purged from the system by the carrier gas. For example, the method provides the growth of polycrystalline, optically nonlinear thin films of 4'-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) with >95% purity.