Abstract: A device incorporated in image forming equipment for sensing the density of a reference toner image formed on a photoconductive element by illuminating the toner image by light issuing from a light emitting element, and causing the light reflected from or transmitted through the toner image to reach a light-sensitive element whose output is representative of the amount of incident light. The device has a first and a second restricting arrangements for intercepting a part of the light issuing from the light emitting element and a part of the light directed toward the light-sensitive element, respectively. The first and second restricting arrangements each has a restriction close to the associated light emitting or light-sensitive element and a restriction remote from the same. In each restricting arrangement, the restriction close to the light emitting or light-sensitive element has a smaller diameter than the restriction remote from the same.

Abstract: An LB film forming device according to the present invention having a packing control device by which a barrier is moved under the control of the packing control device to compress a sample until the sample spreading over the surface of a subphase liquid provides a predetermined set surface pressure, the absorbance of the thus compressed sample is measured, and thereafter the barrier is moved under the control of the absorbance as desired so as to provide a predetermined set value of the absorbance. Such an LB film forming device may stably provide a film having predetermined film characteristics.

Abstract: A photoelectronic image forming apparatus reproduces an image on the basis of an electrostatic latent image produced on a photo-sensitive body by using a developer containing a toner and a carrier, and comprises a plurality of toner density measuring units for respectively producing outputs each indicative of a toner density of the developer and a toner density determining unit responsive to the outputs for determining an actual toner density so as to precisely control the tone of the image.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring developer density comprising, a container containing a developer constituted by a toner and a carrier, a rotary member agitating the developer in the container with its rotation, a transparent detection window facing the container, and having an electrically conductive film on its surface facing the developer, a measuring section measuring developer density in container on the basis of reflected light from developer illuminated through the detection window, an electrode which is supported by the rotary member, and is rotated together with the rotary member such that a gap between the electrode and the detection window is maintained at a predetermined value, the electrode being made, at least at one portion facing the detection window, of electrically conductive material, at least one magnet which is supported by the electrode, retains the developer, so that the magnet makes the developer to be brought into contact with the detection window with rotation of the rotary member, and a bias

Abstract: A micro-cable interconnect comprises a single exterior flexible insulative coating internally containing a plurality of terminally prepared, precisely spaced conductors. The conductors are arranged with a spacing and pitch to identically match spacing and pitch of interconnect zones operatively connected to an integrated circuit or connector, with the conductors constructed and arranged for bonding to the interconnect zones.

Abstract: A toner concentration monitor includes a polarized dielectric member which, when dipped into a development mixture of carrier and toner particles, provides an accurate indication of the toner concentration of the mixture by the amount of toner particles which adhere to the member. The polarized dielectric member is preferably an electret.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for dispensing coating material on a moving substrate, such as a paper or cardboard web or the surface of a roll or the like, wherein the coating material is introduced into the coating apparatus before a coating nip and applied to the substrate through a slit of the coating apparatus directly onto the surface of the moving substrate. The coating nip and slit of the coating apparatus are formed so that a coating material smoothing member of the coating apparatus is directly supported against the moving substrate in a manner such that the free flow aperture of the slit at the coating nip is confined by the moving substrate and the surface of the smoothing member.

Abstract: A toner density control device for an electrophotographic copier, facsimile apparatus, laser printer or similar image forming apparatus of the type forming an image by depositing a toner on an electrostatic latent image. The device has two sensing circuits, i.e., a toner density sensing circuit and an image density sensing circuit. When one of the two sensing circuits fails, a toner is supplemented in response to an output of the other or normal sensing circuit. When the failed sensing circuit is restored to normal, the toner supply responsive solely to the other sensing circuit is cancelled so that both of the two sensing means join in the toner supply control.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of controlling toner concentration in a developing apparatus that uses a two-component developer consisting of a carrier and a toner, wherein the change in toner concentration in the developing container containing the developer is not taken out as it is to carry out the toner concentration control, but an approximately periodic waveform component is lapped over the detection signal to produce a waved detection output oscillated with the detection signal between the center, then the detection output and the control standard level corresponding to a prescribed toner concentration level are compared, and a level signal "Hi" and a level signal "Lo" plus a proportional pulse signal whose pulse width changes approximately proportionally between the level signals "Hi" and "Lo", that is, three types of signals are obtained from the comparison output, thereby making the toner supply operation different in conformity with the type of the signal.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus for electrostatically forming a latent image representative of a document on a photoconductive element, or image carrier, and developing the latent image by a developer to produce a visible image. The apparatus is capable of controlling the density of an image to be recorded by adjusting the amount of illumination, toner density, bias voltage for development, etc. A target toner density is selected in response to the density of a toner image which is formed on the image carrier and has a relatively high density. The amount of illumination is adjusted in response to the density of a toner image also formed on the image carrier and having a relatively low density. Further, the bis voltage is selected on the basis of a ratio of the density of a reference density pattern and the actual density of a document.

Abstract: A toner cleaning device for a toner detecting sensor for cleaning toner without scratching the surface of area to be detected. Two sheets of blades in two different length, one being shorter than the other, are atached to a rotating shaft for cleaning toner. A first blade does not reach the surface of the sensor but removes most of the toner accumulated on the surface to be detected except the toner in the area closely contacted with the surface, while a second blade contacts slidably and softly with the surface to be detected thereby removeing the toner accumulated thereon.

Abstract: A toner mass developed control system for use with electronic printers or copiers provides for the measurement of toned photoconductor reflectivity and bare photoconductor reflectivity. The standard control ratio is modified by characterizing the particular sensor unit in use and by taking into account the reflectance from both photoconductor and toner in the toned patch reflectivity measurement. These factors together with a modification for photoconductor reflectance degradation enable accurate control in high optical density development and with highly reflective color toners by altering the control ratio in accordance with these factors.

Abstract: A replaceable development station usable for developing electrostatic images in apparatus having a toner monitor and a device for slidably receiving the development station includes a chamber containing a supply of a development mixture of toner and carrier particles. A recess is defined in one wall of the chamber for receiving the toner monitor, the recess being defined by a thinned region of the wall such that the toner monitor is separated from the developer mixture by a wall region substantially thinner than the general wall thickness. A device is provided for camming the development station tightly against the toner monitor and clamping it there such that the resilient force needed to maintain contact is minimized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for epitaxial growth of precisely one monolayer. The growth is by organometallic chemical vapor deposition in which the substrate is alternately exposed to the anion and cation of a III-V compound. During deposition of the cation, for instance Ga or Al, reflectance difference spectroscopy is performed to obtain the difference of reflected light beams polarized in orthogonal directions. A growth of a monolayer and even of a partial monolayer can be monitored in real time.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a developing device for developing a latent image formed on the image bearing member and including a developer carrying member for carrying the developer toward the image bearing member, a toner content detecting device including a reflecting member for receiving light and reflecting a quantity of light corresponding to a reference toner content, a light emitting element and a light receiving element for producing an electric signal in accordance with a quantity of light applied to and received from the reflecting member, and a toner content control device for controlling toner supply to the developing device in accordance with a signal produced by the toner content detecting device. The toner content control device includes a device for storing a ratio of a reference toner content signal to a reference reflection density signal.

Abstract: A moistening arrangement for moistening the flap of an envelope moving in a first direction in a given plane, wherein a nozzle directed to spray a liquid at an envelope flap along a given locus in the plane, a source of first signals is provided that are a function of the position of the edge in the plane. An arrangement responsive to the first signals moves the nozzle in a direction substantially parallel to the plane for moistening the flap at positions thereof. The nozzle comprises a hollow needle having a bore sufficiently small that the flow of liquid therethrough is substnatially independent of pressure applied to the liquid.

Abstract: A light absorbing body is located to adjoin the back of an image carrier which is made of a light transmitting member. A latent image representative of an exclusive pattern for density detection is formed in a non-image region of the image carrier and developed by toner of any of multiple colors to become a toner image adapted for density detection. The toner image is illuminated so that image density is detected in terms of the intensity of light which is reflected by the toner image. The light absorbing body is made up of a plurality of absorbing members each having predetermined absorptivity. The absorbing members are selectively used in association with the spectral reflectivity characteristic of toner.

Abstract: A device applicable to an electrophotographic color copier or a color ink jet printer for selectively supplying visualizing liquids of different colors, e.g. black, red, green and blue or a mixture thereof to a photoconductive drum, paper or like recording medium to form a visible image on the medium which corresponds to an image of an original document. The device includes a black liquid vessel, a red liquid vessel, a blue liquid vessel, and a cleaning liquid vessel. The liquids from the various vessels are selectively fed to the device and, after a visualizing operation or a cleaning operation, selectively returned to the respective vessels by two switching units. Residual toner particles are returned to the black liquid vessel. A purifying member for capturing toner or like visualizing agent which is contained in the black liquid is situated between an overflow port of the black liquid vessel and the other liquid vessels and cleaning liquid vessel.

Abstract: A toner density control device comprising a toner density sensor to detect the density of the toner contained in the developer stored in a developing device, toner agitating means to agitate the developer stored in the developing device so as to charge the toner with frictional electricity, control standard value holding means which maintains as the control standard value the toner density that is lower by a specified value than that detected by the toner density sensor under a condition where the developer is agitated for some time by the toner agitating means during the initial stage after the developer is supplied into the developing device, and toner replenishment means which actuates under a condition when the toner density detected by the toner density sensor is lower than the control standard value, thereby controlling the toner density in the developing device in accordance with the control standard value maintained in a manner as stated above.

Abstract: A developing unit for an electro-photographic apparatus is described, including a toner concentration sensor provided between a paddle roller and a developing roller near the bottom of the casing. The sensor generates a toner concentration signal with high sensitivity but without substantial fluctuation.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for determining the moment that a layer of tacky material needs to be rejuvenated. Typically, the layer is present on a cleaning member for removing contaminants such as paper dust and softened toner material from a fusing surface. The method includes measuring the light reflection value of the layer of tacky material, comparing the measured light reflection value with a reference value and rejuvenating the layer of tacky material as soon as the measured light reflection value differs by a predetermined value from the reference value. The device implements the method of the present invention.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for the continuous monitoring of a solution such as an electroless nickel plating bath, and the routine adjustment of the bath during use. The apparatus comprises a probe adapted to be placed directly into the plating tank, and controller for means for replenishing nickel ions and other plating additives as they are depleted from the bath. The probe uses a light source for passing a beam of monochromatic light through a portion of the bath and a detector for measuring the intensity of the light. Means are used to prevent air and hydrogen bubbles in the bath from affecting the reliability of the measurements. Additional means are used for cooling of the electronics and the portion of the bath through which the light is directed.

Abstract: In a toner concentration detecting device wherein developer is carried by a roll from a developer flowpath to a detection station for optical detection thereof, a restriction element is provided adjacent the roll between the developer flowpath and detection station to limit the thickness of the developer adhered to the roll. A scraper is provided downstream of the detection station for cleaning the roll, and the roll itself is covered with a non-magnetic material to provide a substantially smooth outer surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling concentration of a liquid developer in a machine using liquid developer has a developer device for developing an electrostatic latent image by a liquid developer, a tank for containing the liquid developer having an inlet and an outlet, a liquid developer circulating pipe having a supply portion extending from the tank to the inlet and a discharge portion extending from the developer device to the tank, a vacuum pump in the discharge portion of the developer circulating pipe for circulating liquid developer from the tank through the developer device and returning it to the tank, a toner container for containing a concentrated toner liquid, a toner supply pipe having one end connected to the toner container and having the other end connected to the discharge portion of the liquid developer circulating pipe at a location between the developer device and the vacuum pump for supplying concentrated toner liquid to the tank, and a valve in the toner supply pipe for opening and closing t

Abstract: An apparatus that determines the density of the liquid developer in a xerographic system by depositing charged toner on a NESA glass segment, and optically measuring the density of the toner. A cleaning station is also provided. If the toner density is too low, more toner is added, and the test is repeated.

Abstract: The specification describes a process and apparatus for charging eye rods with solutions or suspensions of active substance. The latter are applied dropwise, by means of a micrometering device, to specific points on the eye rods which are set in rotation, and simultaneously or subsequently the solvent or suspension agent is removed.

Abstract: A toner density detecting device has NESA glass, a bias voltage source, a resistor and/or a varistor or Zener diode, and a luminosity detecting circuit which detects the density of toner adhering to the NESA glass using a light source and a photodiode as a light receiving element. The resistor permits detection at a high voltage without causing breakdown while the provision of the varistor in parallel with the resistor permits the application of constant voltage to the NESA glass. In addition a toner supply device has a detector and a toner supply circuit which compares the detection signal from the detector with two reference signals included therein to supply either a constant amount of toner or supply the toner for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A plurality of developing devices or units are supported on a supporting member or turret which is rotatable to revolve the developing devices to move a desired developing device to a developing station where the developing operation is effected with the desired one of the developing devices. The developing devices are each provided with detecting elements for detecting the remaining amount of the developer or the concentration of the developer. The detecting elements are located at such a position that during the rotation of the supporting member the developer particles move with the rotation of the supporting member so that the detecting element is constantly cleaned by the moving developer.

Abstract: A thin film formation technique and apparatus therefor which comprises converting a molecular beam effusing from a molecular beam source equipment to a pulsed molecular beam; introducing the pulsed molecular beam into an ionization chamber in such a fashion that the most of the pulsed molecular beam is caused to be incident to a substrate while a part is ionized by the ionization chamber; amplifying the ion or the electron converted from the ion and converting it to an electrical signal; calculating the flux and speed of the molecular beam; controlling the molecular beam effusing from the molecular beam source equipment on the basis of the calculation information; and forming the thin film on the substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the replenishment of toner in an electrographic reproduction apparatus includes means for monitoring toner concentration in an electrographic developer mix, and means for monitoring the rate of toner depletion from such mix in developing electrostatic images. The outputs of such monitoring means are algebraically summed to provide a control signal for controlling toner replenishment.

Abstract: The gap between a magnetic sensor and a fitting member supporting the magnetic sensor and the surface of the magnetic sensor are coated with thin nonmagnetic coating materials having small surface friction to prevent the developer from being introduced into the gap and adhered therein. Smooth flow of the developer is maintained, and the stable and accurate detection of the condition or ratio of the developer is ensured.

Abstract: A toner replenishment control method for a developing material including two kinds of toners triboelectrically chargeable to polarities opposite to each other, which includes the steps of causing the respective toners contained in the developing material to separately adhere to each of first and second surface areas of a detecting member having predetermined potentials, obtaining first and second detecting signals substantially proportional to amounts of the respective toners which have adhered to the first and second surface areas, the first and second detected signals being set to become equal to each other when a mixing ratio of the respective toners in the developing material is set at a standard mixing ratio, relatively comparing the first and second detected signals, and in the presence of a difference therebetween, replenishing either one of the respective toners to the developing material for eliminating the difference.

Abstract: A developer density detecting apparatus in a copying machine including a detector roll assembly rotatably supported adjacent to a developing roll. The detector roll assembly comprises a sleeve and a plurality of magnets attached to the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve. The magnets are arranged to have different polarity alternately and terminates in the same polarity at both peripheral ends. A conductive glass is provided for receiving toners from the detector roll assembly. Mounted on the conductive glass is a photoelectrical detector for detecting developer density from the toners adhered to the conductive glass.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing apparatus including a magnet roll assembly to apply a dry-type, two-component, magnetic developer having magnetic carrier particles and toner particles to an electrostatic latent image to be developed. The toner concentration of the developer is detected by projecting light toward ear-ups of the developer through a transparent plate which is arranged at such a position that the ear-ups of the developer held and carried by the magnetic roll assembly are brought in contact with the plate and by receiving light scattered by the developer through the transparent plate. The transparent plate is formed as a transparent plate to which is applied a bias voltage of such polarity that the charged toner is repelled by the plate.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for monitoring toner concentration on a photoreceptor surface. The apparatus includes a light emitting diode, the phototransistor, a beam splitter, and a lens disposed between the beam splitter and the photoreceptor surface to collimate the light beam between the lens and the photoreceptor surface. A portion of the light emitted from the LED is transmitted through the beam splitter and the lens to the photoreceptor surface. Collimated light is reflected from the photoreceptor surface back through the lens and reflected from the beam splitter to the phototransistor. The output signal from the phototransistor because of the incident and reflected collimated light is independent of the distance of the lens from the photoreceptor surface. Alternately, a second lens is disposed between the beam splitter and the phototransistor to enhance overall resolution.

Abstract: A method of replenishing a developer during the development of photosensitive plates in a conveyor-type automatic developing machine connected to a replenishing device in which the dissolution of the photosensitive layer in the non-image area of a photosensitive plate is measured with a sensor. The sensor is positioned at a certain point in the developing zone of the machine, and, when the measured dissolution reaches a certain level, the replenishing device is automatically actuated to supply a predetermined amount of replenisher to the developer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing machine in which a developer roller transports a developer material comprising carrier granules and toner particles closely adjacent to an electrostatic latent image recorded on a photoconductive surface so as to develop the latent image with the toner particles. A member is positioned closely adjacent to the developer roller to attract the toner particles to at least one surface thereof. A beam of energy is transmitted through the member onto the surface on which the toner particles adhere. The internal angle of incidence of the beam of energy is greater than the critical angle of incidence of the member. The intensity of the beam of energy internally reflected through the member is detected. A signal indicative of the quantity of toner particles attracted to the surface of the member is generated. The signal is processed and a signal transmitted indicating the end of the useful life of the developer material.

Abstract: A device for use in fluidized bed techniques, particularly for coating tablets or the like, which comprises a container for use as a processing zone for the material to be processed, a sensor device or the like for monitoring the upper end area of the processing zone, and apparatus for moving the material through the processing zone.

Abstract: A method of controlling an image density in electrophotography by controlling at least one of various image density parameters in response to values detected from different pattern areas, the image density parameters including an amount of charge deposited on a photoconductive element by a charger, bias voltage for development, toner concentration in a developer, amount of toner supply to a developing unit and image transfer potential. The method forms at least two pattern areas having different potentials on the surface of the photoconductive element by at least one of various means for forming charge patterns which include controlling the energization of the charger, controlling an illumination lamp and projecting an image pattern.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the use of two or more light waves having separate and distinct wave lengths. The light waves are directed to a fluid. The initial detected relative intensities of the light waves is known. After the light waves have left the fluid the final relative intensities can be determined. By knowing the relative shift in the initial intensities to the final intensities it is possible to determine a characteristic of the fluid. With this characteristic of the fluid it is possible to take appropriate action to change the characteristic of the fluid or it may be desirable to take no action with respect to the characteristic of the fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for maintaining the concentration of components of a plating solution substantially constant during use of a plating bath. The apparatus comprises a sensor suspended in the plating bath responsive to the concentration of one or more plating components of the plating solution. The sensor is capable of generating a signal whereby replenished solution is pumped to the solution to replace depleted components.

Abstract: Painting a band on elongated stock having an elongated edge by means of a spray gun placed at a particular distance from the stock which is controlled by a driven spindle mounting the gun. A scanning unit has a particular distance from the edge of the stock and scans an edge of a painted band, and a control circuit is connected to the scanning unit and operates the spindle drive for maintaining the spray gun on the spindle in a particular position relative to the edge of the stock.

Abstract: A toner concentration control test cycle in which a developed test area is formed on a photoconductor charged to a dark charge level. The optical reflectivity of the developed test area is sensed and the result used to replenish toner if indicated. During the test cycle, the magnetic brush bias potential is altered to produce development of the test patch in the gray area with the level of dark charge held constant at a predetermined nominal level. An electrostatic probe and associated circuitry are provided to maintain dark charge at the nominal level during the test cycle.

Abstract: A toner density control apparatus which assures always the optimum toner supply and good development with toner irrespective of the kind of original to be copied and/or the number of copies to be continuously made. The apparatus has a detector for detecting the density of toner. The quantity of toner supply is controlled using a value variable at a changing rate different from the changing rate of the density difference between the reference toner density and the detected toner density.

Abstract: An automatic exposure control method for a photocopying machine is disclosed herein. A sensor is periodically interposed in the light path of the photocopier, which samples the intensity of the light produced by the light producing system. This intensity is compared with a signal representative of the optimum light intensity for the photosensitive drum, and the light source is controlled by inputting the resulting intensity control signal to a voltage regulated light source control device.

Abstract: A toner concentration detecting device for detecting the toner concentration of a dry-type, two-component developer including a transparent plate arranged to be brought into contact with the developer, a light source for projecting light toward the developer through the transparent plate, and a light receiving element for receiving light scattered by the developer through the transparent plate. The transparent plate is separated optically by cutting it along a plane bisecting the light source and the light receiving element. In such a construction, multiple reflection inside the transparent plate which affects the resulting measurement can be completely eliminated, and thus it is possible to detect the toner concentration in an accurate and uniform manner.

Abstract: An apparatus in which the developability of electrostatically charged particles in a mixture of particulate material is measured. The apparatus includes a pair of spaced-apart conductive plates through which at least a portion of the particulate mixture flows. One of the plates is transparent with a member being secured thereto. The transparent plate is electrically biased to attract charged particles thereto. A beam of energy is transmitted through the transparent plate and member. The intensity of the internally reflected beam is detected to provide a measurement of the quantity of charged particles adhering to the transparent plate.

Abstract: A device for detecting and controlling developing agent toner density includes a rotating magnet for forming a magnetic brush of developing agent and an electrically conductive glass plate for separating the toner from the carrier so that the density of the toner can be optically measured and used to control the addition of toner to the developing agent.

Abstract: A toner concentration control system for use in electrophotographic copying machines or the like, wherein light from a single light source is simultaneously detected by two photosensors, or by two sensing portions of a single photosensor, the light striking one of the photosensors (or portions) directly and the other after being reflected from developer comprising toner and carrier particles as the developer passes a viewing window in a chute provided for the transport thereof within the copying machine, the intensity of the reflected light being inversely proportional to the concentration of toner in the developer, whereby, by comparison of the output of the photosensors (or portions) by conventional means, the concentration of toner in the developer can be determined and adjusted, the photosensors (or portions) having been carefully selected as a pair of their essentially identical characteristics and response to ambient conditions so that, for example, their parallel deterioration with time or their identi

Abstract: Data correlated to the light reflectance of a maximum toned area and a minimum toned area is recorded to establish standards for monitoring and controlling subsequent copier operation. A test pattern is imaged onto the photoconductor by controlled illumination levels in a series of steps with the detection of light reflectance from that test pattern being subsequently compared to establish the maximum black and maximum white criteria for storage. Light reflected from cleaned photoconductor areas and subsequently established toner patches then are used to compare against the original test pattern reflectance data. Toner replenishment, controls and machine function monitoring (e.g.: white copy background, developer operation, etc.) are based on these recorded standards from the test pattern.