Abstract: A computer-aided training and management system that uses a computer or other processor in wireless communication with an instrumented dog collar and/or optionally, one or more dog interaction devices, such as, for example, video monitors, loudspeakers, video cameras, training toys (e.g., ball, bone, moving toy, etc.), an animatronics “trainer,” a treat dispenser, a food dispensing and monitoring device, a water dispensing and monitoring device, tracking devices, a dog door, dog-monitoring doghouse, a dog-monitoring dog toilet, is described. In one embodiment, the instrumented dog collar is in two-way communication with a central computer system.

Abstract: In an embodiment at least an animal repeller is provided. Each animal repeller is provided a flexible tubing that protrudes from the animal repeller. The flexible tubing flails when an animal is detected within a perimeter of coverage in which the presence of animals is unwanted.

Abstract: Described is an insulated probe device of adjustable axial length for delivering an electroshock stimulus to an animal. The insulated probe device includes an electrode that is positioned in contact with the animal's skin and is disposed within an electrically non-conductive housing. The housing is a two-part housing, where the two parts cooperate such that the ultimate length of the housing is adjustable. The insulated probe devise includes a mounting device that electrically and mechanically secures the insulated probe device to an electronic animal training device. The mounting device is electrically connected to the electrode by way of a conductor, which is disposed within the housing. The conductor is a metal-rubber substance that conducts electricity like a metal and stretches like rubber such that it is capable of various lengths. Consequently, the ultimate length of the insulated probe device is adjustable.

Abstract: A system for producing a sound having a certain frequency range to maintain laying hens in stable and comfortable conditions. includes a basic wave generator for generating a pair of first basic waves having the same phase and a pair of second basic waves having opposite phases, a relaxation wave generator for generating a pair of relaxation waves by combining the pair of first basic waves and the pair of second basic waves with time, a modulator for generating a pair of relaxation sounds by modulating the pair of relaxation waves with a sound wave having an audible frequency, and an audio output unit composed of two left and right parts such that stereo sound is outputted, for receiving the pair of relaxation sounds and outputting the pair of relaxation sounds to the left and right parts, respectively.

Abstract: An automated animal deterrent apparatus for mounting to a culvert, the apparatus includes attached weatherproof housings to protect its other components; a passive infrared sensor to detect pest animals within a detection zone; a siren to produce noise; a scent releasing assembly to emit an odor; a strobe light to produce light flashes; a solar panel and battery to power the apparatus; and a tube and clamp assembly for attaching the apparatus to the end of a culvert.

Abstract: This invention relates to an integrated automatic device for training and feeding a pet, which also functions as a play mate while the owner is absent or otherwise engaged. A toy holder, when actuated by an ejector, throws a toy placed therein to a predetermined distance. This toy holder is actuated by a spring connected to a spring tensioner and a rotating shaft activated by a motor programmed by microprocessors. Voice command issuer and proximity switches are provided to regulate the functioning of the device. The device is connectable to a pet feeder including a feeder capable of supplying feed for a predetermined period. The entire system is controllable by a remote control.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus (1) for control of vocalization by a dog includes first and second stimulus electrodes (5) connected to a surface (9) of the housing, a vibration sensor (6), control circuitry in the housing having an input coupled to an output of the sensor, and a motion detector connected in substantially fixed relationship to the dog's neck for producing a motion detection signal in response to a characteristic movement of the dog's neck that accompanies barking and providing the motion detection signal as an input to the control circuitry. The control circuitry includes output terminals for producing aversive stimulus signals between the first and second stimulus electrodes in response to the motion detection signal and a signal produced by the vibration sensor.

Abstract: An antenna mounting for an animal collar including an O-ring and associated retainer disposed in an opening through the housing of a radio frequency receiver. The O-ring is compressed into multiple sealing locations between the circumference of the antenna and its surrounding structure to create a resilient hermetic seal between the antenna and such surrounding structure, and to resiliently suspend the antenna within the opening in the housing.

Abstract: Birds carry many parasites and other diseases, which pose a health risk to humans which come into contact with their habitat. However, ultrasonic waves agitate and deter birds and other pests from roosting in nearby areas. The disclosed device utilizes solar energy to power a battery pack, which in turn activates both a tone generator and its adjoining amplifier to create and emit the annoying ultrasound. In this way, birds are dissuaded from gathering in particular areas where the ultrasonic device is in use, and humans are provided a more healthy and disease-free environment.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus (1) supported against a dog's skin to control vocalizing by the dog electronically converts the vocalizing into a sequence of signals representing frequencies of the vocalizing, and operates a controller to determine if each measured frequency lies within any of a plurality of predetermined frequency sub-ranges and if so, increments cumulative totals of the frequencies which lie in the sub-ranges, respectively, to provide a plurality of cumulative totals that represent a frequency spectrum of the vocalizing. The controller is operated to determine whether the barking sounds constitute a valid bark by comparing the frequency spectrum to a predetermined valid bark frequency spectrum. Appropriate aversive stimulus signals are produced between first and second stimulus electrodes if the vocalizing sounds constitute a valid bark.

Abstract: A method of modifying the behavior of an animal including the steps of increasing a stimulation level of a stimulation device in stimulating contact with the animal, the stimulation level associated with one of a plurality of levels, the plurality of levels including a minimum level, applying a stimulation to the animal associated with the stimulation level, determining a compliant behavior of the animal and reducing the stimulation level to one of the plurality of levels between a current stimulation level and the minimum level dependent upon the determining step.

Abstract: A system for controlling pets utilizes a low power transmitter to create avoidance zones in which one pet wearing an animal control receiver can enter but in which a second pet is deterred from entering.

Abstract: An apparatus for an animal training device including audible and electrical stimulation. A transmitting unit provides control signals to a receiving unit, which includes a receiver, a processor, and a switch connected to a transformer and electrodes. The processor provides signals that result in varying voltages that produce electrical pulses of varying voltage levels, which are applied at the electrodes and provide electrical stimulation of an animal for training.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for use in partially or fully immobilizing animals such as cattle, sheep and the like. The device includes a probe for insertion in the anal canal of the animal the probe comprising a pair of spaced electrodes connected by way of electrical conductors to a power source. The power source providing a pulsed electrical current having a voltage of between 2 and 10 Volts and a frequency of between 20 and 50 Hz to the electrodes.

Abstract: An acoustic warning or alerting system for directing an audible warning signal to at least one intended recipient, while reducing the chance that the warning signal will be heard by others within the proximity of the system. The system includes a modulator for modulating an ultrasonic carrier signal with a processed audio signal, a driver amplifier for amplifying the modulated carrier signal, and a parametric array of acoustic transducers for projecting the modulated and amplified carrier signal through a propagation medium for subsequent regeneration of the audio signal along a pre-selected projection path. The parametric array of audio transducers operates by employing the nonlinear interaction between high frequency sound components and the propagation medium to generate at least one highly directional beam of lower frequency sounds within the propagation medium.

Abstract: This invention is a device that utilizes a specialized shocking mechanism to deter nuisance animals. Through cognitive learning, the device teaches animals to keep away from areas where they have established themselves as a problem.

Abstract: An apparatus for an animal training device including audible and electrical stimulation. A transmitting unit provides control signals to a receiving unit, which includes a receiver, a processor, and a switch connected to a transformer and electrodes. The processor provides signals of that vary the current that produces electrical pulses of varying voltage levels, which are applied at the electrodes and provide electrical stimulation of an animal for training.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus (1) for training an animal is supported against the animal's skin, and includes stimulus electrodes (5) for electrically contacting the skin. A controller including output terminals producing aversive stimulus control signals, a first switch (Q4) coupled to a winding to produce therein a burst of first current pulses in response to a first signal produced by the controller (33) and a second switch (Q2) coupled to the first switch (Q4) operative to synchronously shunt predetermined trailing portions of the first current pulses away from the winding in response to a second signal produced by the controller to reduce the amount of energy delivered to the winding by the switching transistor (Q4) without substantially changing a peak value of a flyback voltage across the winding. The controller sets various values of time intervals during which portions of the first current pulses are shunted away from the winding in order to set various corresponding intensities of aversive stimulus.

Abstract: A dog bark limiter includes a housing (2) supported against the dog's skin by a strap, stimulus electrodes (5), and a sensor (6) for producing signals in response to vocalizing by the dog. The sensor includes a membrane (6) supported by the surface (9) for efficiently transmitting sound energy through the housing and a rigid nipple (11) engaging the membrane. Control circuitry in the housing has an input coupled to an output of the transducer and output terminals coupled to produce aversive stimulus signals between the first and second electrodes in response to the signals produced in response valid barking by the dog. A motion detector (40) produces a motion detection signal in response to a characteristic movement of the portion of dog that accompanies barking by the dog and aids in detecting a valid bark.

Abstract: A pet communication apparatus for allowing a user to communicate with a pet. The pet communication apparatus includes a housing member being designed for being selectively positioned on a support surface. A processing assembly is positioned in the housing member. The processing assembly is designed for being operationally coupled to a telephone jack whereby the processing assembly is operationally coupled to a telephone company. A speaker member is operationally coupled to the processing assembly whereby the speaker member is designed for audibly reproducing audio spoken by the user calling the pet. The speaker member is coupled to the housing member whereby the speaker member is designed for audibly reproducing sounds to be heard by the pet.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted to implement various animal training techniques using a hand-held transmitter having a keypad that can be reprogrammed. The multi-function transmitter is configurable to train multiple pets using a selected function or to train a single pet using multiple functions.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for use in partially or fully immobilizing animals such as cattle, sheep and the like. The device includes a probe for insertion in the anal canal of the animal the probe comprising a pair of spaced electrodes connected by way of electrical conductors to a power source. The power source providing a pulsed electrical current having a voltage of between 2 and 10 Volts and a frequency of between 20 and 50 Hz to the electrodes.

Abstract: The pet training device comprises a handheld wireless command module, a wireless receiver module connected to an adjustable collar assembly. The wireless command module is used to select a stimulation mode, stimulation duration, and a stimulation intensity level through the used of one-touch digital switches located on the device front panel. The selected functions are displayed on a LCD. The stimulation commands are transmitted to the wireless receiver module where they are demodulated into control signals that trigger a shock, a vibration, or both. When the wireless receiver is placed in the no-bark mode, the wireless receiver module will generate a shock when triggered by a bark sensor. Power controllers built into both the wireless command module and wireless receiver module optimizes battery life by turning the devices off after a period of inactivity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing the proper operation of an electronic pet containment transmitter. The transmitter includes an internal short loop antenna that is used to activate the receiver unit when it is brought into close proximity of the transmitter.

Abstract: An animal control device directs a pressure pulse wave to an animal as a negative stimulus to deter undesired behavior. The animal control device includes a collar worn by an animal with a pressure pulse generator probe in contact with the animal's skin. The pressure pulse wave applied may be adjustable commensurate with the severity of undesired behavior. In one embodiment, the animal control device contains a remote transmitter for a trainer to administer a pressure pulse manually and at a desired intensity. In an alternate embodiment, the animal control device may contain a bark sensor to administer a pressure pulse when the animal produces undesirable barking. Alternatively, the animal control device may contain a sensor for directing a pressure pulse if an animal strays from a desired confined location.

Abstract: The present invention provides an automatic correction system and technique for a pet containment system in which the correction levels of the electrical stimulus and/or audio or visual warning are adaptively adjusted in accordance with the behavior of a particular dog or other animal. In one mode of operation, the system is set to a baseline correction level at which a predetermined warning such as an audible beep is provided when the animal enters a first detection zone, and a predetermined electrical stimulus is provided when the animal enters a second detection zone. The correction levels are automatically adjusted in response to one or more parameters of the animal's behavior. One example of animal behavior to be corrected is repeated challenge by the animal to the system by repeated entry into the first or second detection zone within a defined period of time. Another example of behavior to be corrected is the animal remaining in a detection zone beyond a specified time period.

Abstract: An electronic animal lure for generating an animal call pattern by combining actual stored analog animal sounds with a micro controller. The animal sounds are stored in an analog storage device. A micro controller selects and addresses one of the pre-stored sounds then generates the signals to cause the storage device to play back the sound. The micro controller then selects a period of time delay before selecting and addressing the next sound to be played. Both time delays and sound selections are accomplished by use of an algorithm stored in the micro controller. The algorithm uses an onboard timer counter to generate a random number that is placed in a software counter causing the software counter to cycle for a period of time, creating a constantly varying time period between animal calling sounds. The algorithm also uses the onboard timer counter to select one of the stored sounds.

Abstract: Provided is a pet training device comprising a wireless receiving section worn by a pet, the wireless receiving section including a voice unit, a wireless receiving unit, a detection unit, a second microprocessor unit, a second display unit, a motor vibration unit, a high voltage low current discharge unit, and a decoder unit, and a wireless transmission section held by an owner. In a case of the pet continuously barking, the owner may activate the wireless transmission section to control the wireless receiving section to play a recorded message to order the pet to stop barking or if the above failed, even activate the motor vibration unit to generate vibration on the pet or the high voltage low current discharge unit to generate high voltage low current to apply on the pet for stopping barking.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for luring a member of an animal species to an area in an environment. In one aspect, a pre-recorded sound that simulates an environmental contact sound made by the animal species in the environment is played back to lure the member of the animal species to the area. In another aspect, first and second pre-recorded sounds that simulate first and second sounds made by the animal species in the environment are played back contemporaneously.

Abstract: An animal training device for administering audio and physical encouragement to an animal. An animal worn device comprising sod and shock producing elements is attached to a leash or lead. A transducer or similar strength measuring means is connected to the shock and sound producers of the animal worn device. The leash or lead is connected to the transducer. As the animal pulls of the lead, the transducer measures the strength of the pull. When the pull strength of the naimal reaches a first level, an audio tone is sounded. If the strength of pull exceeds a second level a shock is administered to the animal. In this fashion the animal learns not to pull to hard on a lead. In an alternate embodiment, the trainer has a transmitter with variable signal strength. The animal worn device had a receiver that senses the signal strength. IF the signal strength drops to a preset limit indicative of distance from the transmitter, a tone is sounded. Further signal drop results in the a shock being delivered.

Abstract: An animal communication device is provided which is designed to solicit animal responses based on at least two of the five major senses. The device includes a module having associated therewith a plurality of physically perceivable attributes related to the senses. The animal activates the device by depressing a housing cover which activates a switch. Alternatively, a motion detector is used to detect the presence of the animal. In both instances, a record/playback device is activated so that a pre-recorded message which corresponds to the physically perceivable attributes of the module is then played back.

Abstract: A motion-sensitive pest and varmint deterrent device used to detect and ward off unwanted pests and varmints from a garden, the device having a detection branch, and a sprinkler branch. A motion detector and a light are positioned at the top end of the detection branch. The sprinkler branch has a sprinkler head attached at the top end. The bottom end of the sprinkler branch is attached to a horizontal pipe attached to a water hose. The sprinkler branch has a solenoid valve in communication with the motion detector which selectively controls the flow of water to the sprinkler head. Reservoirs containing gardening substances are connected to and positioned along the horizontal pipe between the bottom portion of the sprinkler branch and the water hose. When movement is detected by the motion detector, the light is activated and the solenoid valve initiates water flow and the sprinkler head disperses water onto the surrounding area, thereby scaring off unwanted pests and varmints.

Abstract: A duck shooting resort layout having a body of water, a peripheral embankment encircling the water, a duck hunting region within the resort, and duck hunting blinds within the hunting region from which hunters may shoot ducks. A method of training ducks to fly only within the hunting region is described. Multiple embodiments, with islands, piers, or embankment fingers, are described that safely allow a high density of hunters within a given land area. The resort terrain may be sculpted into the invention's structure at a minimum of cost and movement of dirt. The water depth may increase toward the channel ends for harvesting fish by partial draining, and grading screens may be provided at the ends for harvesting fish. A method of using sound for attracting and grading fish in a commercial fish farming operation, with grading screens used during harvesting of fish.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the barking of a dog through application of a spray deterrent, or spray control bark collar. The spray control bark collar administers a dose of a pressurized substance in response to the barking of the dog. The spray control bark collar detects the barking of the dog through the measuring of vibrations produced by the dog. In addition, the spray control bark collar delivers successively larger doses of the spray deterrent to the dog to deter the dog from further barking should the dog fail to respond to previous deterrent attempts. Finally, the spray control bark collar monitors the usage of the spray deterrents to gauge the amount of the deterrent substance remaining in the deterrent substance reservoir.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing a variable intensity static stimulation. The variable intensity static stimulation increases in intensity if the animal continues to require correction. By varying the duty cycle of a periodic signal having constant amplitude and a constant duration, the intensity of the static stimulation is varied.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing a variable intensity static stimulation. The variable intensity static stimulation increases in intensity if the animal continues to require correction. By varying the duty cycle of a periodic signal having constant amplitude and a constant duration, the intensity of the static stimulation is varied.

Abstract: An electronic device detects the presence of an animal such as a pet in a protected area and outputs a deterrent signal that preferably includes the voice of the pet's owner admonishing the animal. The animal is detected by sensing at least one of sound, heat, vibration, and motion. The deterrent signal may include loud noises, and signals audible to the animal but not to humans. The deterrent signal may also include bursts of light. The device can vary the nature and quality of the deterrent signal if the animal remains near the protected area for a predetermined time.

Abstract: A device which functions as a leash training aid providing a humane effective technique for training an animal, such as a dog, to walk on a leash. The device comprises a cylindrically shaped member having an internal chamber and openings at each end. The threaded shaft formed on an eyebolt extends through one opening into the chamber, the end of the shaft being secured within the chamber by a locknut. A coiled spring surrounds the threaded shaft within the chamber, a portion of the threaded shaft operatively engaging a threaded hole formed in one portion of the shaped member. A second eyebolt is provided to couple the dog collar to the device.

Abstract: A shark repellent system for repelling sharks away from an individual during a water activity. The shark repellent system includes a band member and a transmitter unit attached to the band member that transmits underwater sound waves at a frequency undesirable to sharks. The band member is preferably comprised of an elastic material for snugly fitting about an ankle or wrist of an individual. The transmitter preferably includes a control knob connected to a frequency generator for allowing manipulation of the frequency of the sound waves generated by the transmitter unit underwater.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for electronically deterring an animal from approaching an exclusion area around an exclusion unit or from entering or leaving an area bounded by a wire. The animal is provided with a collar unit, which includes a sensor adapted to sense the strength of electromagnetic signals generated by the exclusion unit or wire and a correction unit adapted to provide correction to the animal in response to a sensor output. The portable unit reports to a central controller which selects a correction strategy, such as level of correction to be applied to the animal approaching the perimeter. The controller provides warnings to the user, including warnings for when the battery in the collar unit goes low and when the animal stays in a correction zone for too long. The controller may control a number of exclusion units and/or power units, and may select an appropriate correction for one of a plurality of animals.

Abstract: A pet training device comprises a wireless command module, a wireless receiver module connected to an adjustable collar assembly. The wireless command module is used to select a stimulation mode, a stimulation duration, and a stimulation intensity level through the use of one-touch digital switches located on the wireless training device front panel. The selected functions are displayed on an LCD. Stimulation commands are transmitted to the wireless receiver module where they are demodulated into control signals that trigger a shock, a vibration, or a shock and vibration. When the wireless receiver module is placed in a no-bark mode, the wireless receiver module will generate a shock when triggered by a bark sensor. Power controllers built into both the wireless command module and wireless receiver module optimizes battery life by turning the training devices off after a period of inactivity.

Abstract: The invention discloses a system, device, and method for covert, wireless communication between a human handler and a trained animal. A small receiving unit is placed in a cured material which has conformed to the contours of a trained animal's inner ear thereby eliminating the need for an invasive method for implanting anything into the animals ear. The receiving unit has no external communication features such as wires or external antennae and thus it is covert. The transmitting unit may be hand-held by the animal's handler or used with a headset and attached microphone. Neither the transmitting or receiving units have any wires or external antennae that may be dangerously snagged while the animal is performing service or be noticed by any onlookers.

Abstract: A shotgun sound simulating device comprises an elongate tube having a hollow interior, an open end at one end of the tube, an ignitable mixture arranged to be injected into the tube, a baffle within the tube and an ignition device arranged to ignite the ignitable mixture. Ignition of the ignitable mixture with the tube creates a sound effect to simulate a sound created by the firing of a shotgun.

Abstract: The pet training device comprises a handheld wireless command module, a wireless receiver module connected to an adjustable collar assembly. The wireless command module is used to select a stimulation mode, stimulation duration, and a stimulation intensity level through the used of one-touch digital switches located on the device front panel. The selected functions are displayed on a LCD. The stimulation commands are transmitted to the wireless receiver module where they are demodulated into control signals that trigger a shock, a vibration, or both. When the wireless receiver is placed in the no-bark mode, the wireless receiver module will generate a shock when triggered by a bark sensor. Power controllers built into both the wireless command module and wireless receiver module optimizes battery life by turning the devices off after a period of inactivity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and procedure for manipulating the behaviour of the webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). In particular, this invention relates to the use of specific semiochemical and sonic signals for manipulating the behaviour of the webbing clothes moths. A composition of chemicals for manipulating the behaviour of clothes moths, said composition comprising two or more chemicals in all possible combinations and ratios selected from the group consisting of: 1) (E,Z)-2,13:octadecadienal; 2) (E,Z)-2,13:octadecadienol; 3) hexadecanoic acid methyl ester; 4) (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester; 5) nonanal; 6) geranylacetone; 7) octanal; 8) decanal; 9) nonenal; 10) octenal; 11) decenal.

Abstract: A portable dog-training transmitter unit for controlling remote collar-mounted receiver/stimulus units includes first, second, and third switches for causing corresponding transmitted stimulus control signals to be recognized by corresponding first, second, or third receiver/stimulus units. A multiple-position switch sets the use of transmitted codes that control the amplitudes of stimulus signals produced by the recognizing receiver/stimulus unit. The transmitter unit is supported in a holster that is pivotally supported by a belt clip through the use of a pivot pin that is pivotally retained in a receiving slot of the belt clip. The transmitter unit includes a controller which polls the states of the various switches to produce a digital signal that is shaped by a buffer circuit, FM modulated, preamplified, and coupled by a simplified matching network to the input of a power amplifier. A single pi matching network is coupled to match an output of the power amplifier to an antenna of the transmitter unit.

Abstract: A system for detecting the relative inverted posture of an equine specimen. When such a posture, or positional attitude, of an equine specimen is greater than 90 degrees but less than 270 degrees as measured with respect to the rotation of the animal's body around the lateral axis—anterior to posterior—whereby the normal standing position of the animal is zero degrees, then a sensing switch will activate and transmit a corresponding radio frequency signal to a receiver at a remote location and sound an alarm to alert monitoring personnel.

Abstract: A duck shooting resort layout having a body of water, a peripheral embankment encircling the water, a duck hunting region within the resort, and duck hunting blinds within the hunting region from which hunters may shoot ducks. The resort includes trained ducks taught to fly only within the hunting region. Multiple embodiments, with islands, piers, or embankment fingers, are described that safely allow a high density of hunters within a given land area. A method of training ducks to fly only within the hunting region is described. A construction method for the resort layout is described that allows a terrain to be sculpted into the structure of the invention at a minimum of cost and movement of dirt. The water depth may increase toward the channel ends for harvesting fish by partial draining, and fish grading screens may be provided at the ends for harvesting fish.

Abstract: A system and method for making animals appear to talk is provided. The system includes a speaker mounted on an article (such as a collar) worn by the animal. A memory stores a plurality of pre-recorded messages. These pre-recorded messages may be generic phrases to be “spoken” by all types of animals or may be messages which are based on the characteristics of a particular animal. Using a selection circuit, a user is able to selectively output the pre-recorded messages from the memory to the speaker, thereby making the animal appear to talk.

Abstract: A method of controlling the operation of an animal training device which is worn around the neck of an animal to apply at least one of an impulse wave and vibration to the animal. Upon pushing a first function switch under the condition that a security code number is set by a security code setting unit, the level of the impulse wave to be applied to the animal is set by a volume adjustment unit and a mode selector is set to any one of a vibration position, vibration/impulse wave position, impulse wave position, a receiver receives a radio signal containing such data and thus applies at least one of the vibration and impulse wave to the animal to train it. Further, the volume adjustment unit employs a variable resistor which can finitely adjust the impulse wave level. Therefore, only a vibration or a low-level impulse wave can be applied to an animal over-sensitive to an electrical stimulation to readily train it.