Abstract: A steam boiler, comprising a boiler body accommodating water and steam therein and a burner throwing flames toward a central through-hole of the boiler body and water pipes formed to cross the inside of the central through-hole of the boiler body, and directly heated by the flames of the burner and an internal cylinder formed to cover the outside of the boiler body so as to form a space between the internal cylinder and the outer wall surface of the boiler body where burned discharge gas flows from the lower side to the upper side and an external cylinder formed to cover the outside of the internal cylinder so as to form a space between the external cylinder and the outer wall surface of the internal cylinder where air for combustion flow such that heat exchange between the air for combustion and the discharge gas is performed.

Abstract: A first flow passage (R1) in which uncombusted gas (G1) that contains a combustible fuel is injected from a nozzle hole that is smaller than the flame quenching distance at a flow speed to thereby enable flame maintenance is combusted, and thereby enables flow of combustion gas (G2) resulting from such combustion, and a second flow passage (R2) formed about the first flow passage and enabling flow of uncombusted gas supplied through the nozzle hole are provided. According to the present invention, the combustion chamber in a heating apparatus that heats a liquid to be heated is be reduced in size, the flame in the combustion chamber can be stabilized, and energy efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A heat transfer system having a a radiant source, a first heat exchanger configured to permit a first fluid to flow therethrough, and a thermal shield configured to provide controlled radiative heat from the radiant source to the first exchanger. The radiant source is a flame. The thermal shield is a second heat exchanger configured to permit a second fluid to flow therethrough or a non-contact thermal shield fabricated from a material arranged to provide controlled radiative heat exposure from the radiant source to the first exchanger. Oxy/coal combustion systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A boiler that enhances the efficiency of the use of heated gas streams to generate steam is provided. The boiler includes a lower drum, an upper drum, a plurality of conduits adapted to transfer heated fluid from the lower drum to the upper drum, a combustion chamber, and a series of heat transfer chambers adapted to receive combustion gases from the combustion chamber. The first of the heat transfer chambers is positioned above the second heat transfer chamber and receives the heated gas from the combustion chamber prior to the second heat transfer chamber. A method of operating the boiler is also provided. Though aspects of the invention are applicable to package boilers, other aspects of the invention are applicable for use in residential, commercial, or industrial settings.