Abstract: A gravity driven Thermosiphon solar water heating system to harness solar insolation in low sunshine regions. This innovatory system uses CO2 as the working fluid to collect even mild sunlight to heat the water in sub-zero temperature areas. This solar water heater harnesses solar energy by fitting U-shaped copper heat removal pipes in evacuated glass tubes. This system works automatically by natural thermosiphon circulation force caused by density difference of supercritical CO2 at different temperatures. This innovatory solar water heater can perform in ice cold temperature areas where water based systems cease to function after freezing.

Abstract: A steam generator for generation of steam in a water tube boiler having first and second upright headers in sealed communication with lower and upper inclining banks of tubes communicating therebetween. An end portion of the tubes in the upper bank, changes to a declining angle toward its communication with the upright header. The declining angle provides for increased separation of steam from hot water in the tubes.

Abstract: A steam generator for generation of steam in a water tube boiler having first and second upright headers in sealed communication with lower and upper inclining banks of tubes communicating therebetween. An end portion of the tubes in the upper bank, changes to a declining angle toward its communication with the upright header. The declining angle provides for increased separation of steam from hot water in the tubes.

Abstract: A method of supporting the spiral boiler tubing that surrounds a portion of the furnace or combustion area of a steam generator. This method of support eliminates the need to weld plate to the outside of the boiler tubing thereby increasing the mass of the boiler tubing which will result in the creation of temperature differentials within the spiral tubing. In accordance with this invention, a plurality of support members are inserted within and alongside the regular spiral tubing forming a part of the furnace enclosure. These support members are periodically removed from within the plane of this furnace enclosure and re-positioned to another (usually more elevated) position within the furnace enclosure. As the support members near the top of the spiral tubing (which is also the transition from the spiral tubing to more vertically aligned tubing), these support members are secured to this vertical tubing thereby transferring the loading of the spiral tubing to the vertical tubing.