Abstract: An energy system which burns refuse inside a steam chamber to drive a steam turbine and an electrical generator. In addition to the electrical energy produced, hot water and steam are delivered as by-products.

Abstract: Apparatus for using exhaust heat from burning refuse is described wherein a heat exchanger constructed as a self-supporting unit is mounted, inside an enclosure, directly on the combustion chamber. The heat exchanger consists of at least two co-axial, vertical, cylindrical, single-layer packs of helical tubes with their convolutions in close contact with one another and located so that they lie nearly perpendicular to the direction of flow of the smoke and gases of combustion. One or each of the packs consists of a plurality of tubes with the convolutions of the respective tubes arranged in repeated series along the length of the pack. The packs of helical tubes may be connected in series or in parallel for heating water. Alternatively, they may be divided individually into sections for any one of a number of alternative boiler configurations in which the sections can provide preheaters, evaporators and superheaters.

Abstract: A boiler furnace that is adapted to burn slag producing pulverized coal in suspended form at the upper end of the furnace in which solid fuel is being burned on a subjacent grate. The boiler furnace has an upright combustion chamber with baffles intermediate the upper portion of the furnace and the grate to effectively arrest slag that falls from the upper portion of the furnace before it reaches the subjacent grate.

Abstract: A fuel dryer system for waste fuel boilers, such as for example those in the sugar cane processing industry where bagasse is used as a primary fuel, in which the dryer comprises an assembled, enclosed, vertical dryer structure of basically cylindrical shape through which hot drying gases flow with a conical materials collecting hopper and bottom discharge, having alternating conical-shaped rotating and fixed materials trays over which the materials (e.g.bagasse) to be dried move in a net direction from top to bottom (note FIG. 1). Adjustable wipers are provided with the conical materials trays, with access portholes at each tray level. In the sugar cane boiler system the stack gases from the boiler are used for the hot drying gases note (FIG. 5).

Abstract: Exhaust gases from a high pressure, high temperature fluidized bed reactor are fed through a turbo expander, in order to drive said turbo expander which is connected to a device such as a generator, adapted to accomplish useful work. Preferably, the exhaust gases pass through a particulate removal means prior to passing through the turbo expander.