Abstract: A steam generator utilized for a liquid-metal coolant reactor comprises an outer shell body in which an electromagnetic pump is arranged. The electromagnetic pump comprises a hollow cylindrical iron core provided with comb-shaped portion at an outer peripheral surface thereof and an annular stator coil means assembled in the comb-shaped portion of the cylindrical iron core. A main passage of liquid metal is formed on a side on which the stator coil of the iron core is assembled and a cooling bypass passage is formed at substantially the central portion of the cylindrical iron core in a vertically penetrating fashion.

Abstract: A steam generator for a PWR comprise a pressure vessel having an upper portion forming a steam chamber and a bundle of U-shaped exchange tubes within the vessel. A feed-water ring header is located within the pressure vessel above the bundle, extends horizontally and is connected to a feed water inlet nozzle passing through the wall of the pressure vessel, said header having an approximately toridal shape. Feed water is discharged into the pressure vessel above the bundle by crook-shaped tubes each having an end opening into the upper portion of the header of and projecting upwardly from the header. The crook-shaped tubes are spaced apart at substantially equal angular intervals and have respective controlling cross-sectionam flow areas which differ depending on the angular position of the discharge tube on the header.

Abstract: An apparatus for degassing and heating water by means of steam comprises a column (1) with packing bodies (2) arranged therein, with a distributor (12) arranged at the column head for the water to be degassed, with a water supply line (7) and steam supply line (8) in each case arranged upstream of the column, with a water outlet line (19) and venting line (18) in each case arranged downstream of the column for the gas/steam mixture to be exhausted. The four lines open into housings (3, 14) which are connected above and below the preferably cylindrical column to the latter. A conical mixing chamber (4) into which the water to be degassed is injected via nozzles (6) is provided upstream of the distributor. The conical mixing chamber has an outer boundary wall (5) which is surrounded by a steam distribution chamber (9) and communicates with the latter via slot-type openings (10) in the boundary wall.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preheating of liquid waste having a heated sealed container, a liquid waste tank, a jacket positioned around the sealed container so as to form a heat exchange region between the interior of the jacket and the exterior of the sealed container, and an injector for transmitting a heated liquid waste from the tank into the interior of the sealed container. An inert gas container is connected to the waste tank so as to pass argon gas for displacing the oxygen from the interior of the liquid waste tank. An insulating layer is formed around the exterior of the sealed container and the waste tank. Suitable conduits connect the waste tank with the heat exchange region of the sealed container. A storage vessel is in valved relationship with the liquid waste tank. Suitable pumping is provided so as to transmit the liquid waste into the heat exchange region and back to the liquid waste tank.

Abstract: Arranged on the hemispherical dome forming the upper part of the bundle of the steam generator is a structure consisting of bows (16) in the form of a portion of a ring and connecting hoops (18). The anti-vibration bars (15) introduced between two layers of adjacent tubes (5) of the bundle are connected, at their outer end, to brackets (17) fastened to the bows (16) in a perpendicular direction. Some anti-vibration bars are fastened to the hoops (18). The anti-vibration bars are screw-fastened to the brackets (17) or the hoops (18). The stabilizing device can also include a comb-shaped anti-flyoff yoke which can be introduced under the tubes placed in the upper part of the dome and then rotated through 90.degree. in order to be fastened to a bow (16).

Abstract: In a steam generator utilized with a liquid sodium cooled nuclear reactor, provision is made to vent the violent sodium water reaction emanating from a tube rupture casualty. The steam generator includes a sodium plenum at the bottom thereof containing a conventional rupture disk for venting sodium, steam, and reaction products including hydrogen immediately upon a tube rupture casualty. The invention includes providing an alternate concentric flow path interior to the steam generator and parallel to the tube bundle. This alternate concentric flow path extends from the upper portion of the steam generator down into the lower head or plenum adjacent to the pressure relief diaphragm. This alternate path is partially filled with sodium during normal reactor operation.

Abstract: Steam generators are used in pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactors for generating steam which issues from the generator through a large bore steam outlet. Heat-exchange tubes through which feed water flows are surrounded by hot cooling water from the reactor. The tubes must be capable of being inspected and repaired. To simplify inspection and repair, the tubes are U-shaped and each end of each tube is connected upwardly to a tube plate in the steam generator, whereby each end of each tube can be reached in a simple manner through an outgoing steam outlet.

Abstract: A vertically disposed steam generator includes a pressure vessel containing: a tube plate, chambers, a bundle of U-shaped bent heating tubes with supporting anchors, a steam trap above the heating tubes, and tubes for a secondary medium discharging into the pressure vessel. The heating tubes have ends guided through openings in the tube plate and discharging a primary medium into the chambers.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing clean steam by placing impure steam in heat exchange relationship with clean water but physically separated therefrom to produce superheated clean water and vapor, and permitting expansion of the fluids to form clean steam and recyclable hot water.

Abstract: A novel semi-instantaneous, modulating and condensing gas fired water heating system having a very high dynamic response for supplying potable water on demand at a substantially constant, controlled temperature having a maximum output of approximately 1,000,000 BTU/hour is provided. The device includes combustion means, heat exchanger means, and temperature control means having thermal measuring means and controlling means for controlling the rate of heat transfer in anticipation of changes in BTU requirements. The heat exchanger includes a combustion chamber open at its bottom to receive the combustible mixture of air and gas burned by the combustor. Enclosing the combustion chamber is a water chamber having a channel defined by the walls of the combustion and water chambers. Through the channel flows upwards the liquid, preferably water, to be heated.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heat recovery system for recovering the heat potential of a gaseous stream having a temperature of from 500.degree. to 2500.degree. F. utilizing a primary heat exchanger through which is passed a heat transfer salt mixture in indirect heat transfer relationship with the hot gaseous stream to recover the heat potential to use such primary heat transfer salt mixture in a plurality of serially arrayed heat exchangers as a heating medium for diverse fluids at descending temperature levels.

Abstract: An evaporating apparatus includes an evaporator (E) for converting a liquid into vapor and a preheater (2) for heating the liquid before it is fed to the evaporator (E). A pump (6) for feeding the liquid to the preheater (2) and another pump (8) for pressurizing the liquid passing from the preheater (2) to the evaporator (E) are provided, where the former maintains the liquid at a saturation pressure with respect to a temperature slightly higher than a saturation temperature (t.sub.o) at the preheater outlet, and the latter serves to raise the liquid pressure to a saturation pressure with respect to a desired evaporation temperature (t.sub.2). Rate of flow of a heating medium for the preheater (2) is controlled so that its temperature (t.sub.w3) is slightly higher than a liquid preheater outlet temperature (t.sub.ex). Thus, in the preheater (2), the liquid temperature (t.sub.ex) is maintained lower than saturation temperature (t.sub.o), ensuring a greater amount of heat transfer by subcool boiling.

Abstract: A reboiler and method of generating vapor from a liquid comprising a rectifying section and an evaporating section in which the evaporating section comprises a plurality of upright evaporator tubes (2) connected at their upper ends to a tube sheet (6), means for supplying liquid to the evaporator tubes and means (22) for heating the surface of evaporator tubes (2), the lower ends (4) of the evaporator tubes being sealed and each evaporator tube being provided with a concentrically positioned inner tube (8) extending from the upper end of each evaporator tube (2) to a position above the sealed end (4) of each evaporator tube and in which the rectifying section comprises a series of trays containing liquid and means for directing vapor generated in the evaporating section through the trays.

Abstract: A gas/liquid heat exchanger. Process gases leaving the heat-transfer elements of a heat-transfer-surface unit are guided through the displacement body that is associated with that unit. Feed water is introduced into the displacement body at the lower end thereof. After countercurrent heat-exchange flow relative to the process gas, the feed water is withdrawn from the upper end of the displacement body, and is introduced into a zone of downwardly flowing water.

Abstract: Steam is generated from cooling water in a heat exchanger for hot gases. Subsequently the steam is superheated by the gases to be cooled. This process is carried out by providing submerged water-tube superheater modules in, for example, a waste heat boiler/evaporator.

Abstract: A stayrod configuration for permitting complete sludge lancing of the tubesheet, including a plurality of first stayrods, each having the same diameter as the steam generator tubing and being threaded into the tubesheet at spaced positions which match the tube pattern. This plurality of first stayrods is attached to a connector, which is threaded to provide a receptacle for a second, full-length stayrod within a shortened spacer.

Abstract: A dual sleeve boiler is arranged to dispose a portion (72, 74, 76) of its fluid conduit between a support member (64) of the boiler and the heat generating portion (20, 24) of the boiler. The end of a conduit through which water is introduced to the boiler is disposed between an enclosing means (24) which forms an axial end of the boiler and a cylindrical tube (64) disposed through the center of the boiler for purposes of supporting the boiler. As relatively cool fluid is introduced into the conduit of the boiler, it passes between the heat generating portions (20) of the boiler and the support tube (64) and provides a thermal barrier to prevent heat from traveling, through conduction, into the supporting means (64) which is attached to an external support member (71). This prevents heat from flowing into the external support member (71) and possibly damaging heat sensitive components attached thereto.

Abstract: The gas cooler has a pair of coaxial flues for the cooling of a synthesis gas wherein the flues are resiliently mounted independently of each other. The gas flow connection at the top of the pressure vessel is sized to permit the inner flue to be lifted out of the vessel for cleaning and repair purposes. In addition, the outer flue can be constructed of interconnected wall elements which may also be disconnected for discrete removal through the top of the vessel for cleaning and repair purposes.

Abstract: Two immiscible liquids are vaporized in heat exchanger tubes in a manner such that each tube receives both liquids and neither liquid is completely vaporized in the tubes.

Abstract: A sludge trap, or mud drum, for use in nuclear steam generators includes internal baffles defining multiple laminar flow paths having decreased vertical settling distances. The baffling arrangements take advantage of the diverging nature of circular geometry of sludge traps such that flow path cross-sectional areas are maintained and increased in the direction of flow, to avoid undesired, detrimental flow acceleration; turbulence as well is minimized, thereby to achieve a desired quiescent environment for effective gravitational settlement of sediment and particulate matter.

Abstract: An improved ethylene oxide process whereby residual heat is recovered from the reactor coolant by generating steam. The improvement enables the plant to operate using an improved silver-based catalyst with lower optimum operating temperature than that of the alumina-supported silver catalyst for which the plant was designed. The process comprises the steps of passing the coolant from the reactor to at least one first coolant condenser(s) wherein at least part of the coolant vapor is condensed by exchanging heat with boiler feed water to generate steam.

Abstract: An evaporating apparatus comprising a high temperature side evaporator and a low temperature side evaporator connected in series in a flowing direction of a heat source, a first and second pipe line for directing fluid being evaporated therethrough, and an ejector having a suction inlet and a discharge outlet of drive steam and an induction port of steam being sucked, wherein the first pipe line is linked through the high temperature side evaporator to the suction inlet of the ejector, and the second pipe line is branched from the first pipe line at the upstream side of the hot temperature side evaporator, and linked through the low temperature side evaporator to the induction port of the ejector.

Abstract: A double tube modular coil steam generator is provided in which a multiplicity of inner tubes conducting water are individually surrounded by outer tubes containing liquid metal as a heat transfer agent. The double tubes form into coils, providing a large surface area while conserving space. Immersion of the double tube coil in hot liquid metal, e.g., from the core of a nuclear reactor, causes efficient transfer of heat across the liquid metal in the outer tube to the water in the inner tube, creating superheated steam, which can be cycled to a turbine and converted to electrical power.The efficiency, reliability and safety of the multiple double tube design of the steam generator obviates the necessity of many secondary heat removal and emergency components in addition to conserving space and material. The modular design allows ease of operation, fabrication and repair.

Abstract: In a steam generator, there is provided an annular foraminous or perforated flow distribution plate (100) which may be in the form of a single-piece annulus fixedly secured to the lower end of the heat exchange tube wrapper (146) for installation within new steam generator facilities, or alternatively, may comprise a plurality of arcuately-shaped segments (210) secured together by suitable bolt fasteners (226) for installation within existing steam generator facilities. The plate (100) is adapted to be wedgingly interposed between the lower end of the tube wrapper (146) and the upper surface (204) of the heat exchange tube bundle tubesheet (122), and the plate (100) has the configuration of a conical frustum for stability.

Abstract: A pure steam generator having a feed line for conducting feed water thereinto, a heating steam input for conducting heating steam thereinto, and a heat exchange apparatus therein for providing heat exchange between the heating steam and the feed water. A pure steam output is also provided, with a separation space being located in a lower portion of the pure steam generator, along with a centrifugal separator through which the pure steam flows from the separation space to the pure steam output.The pure steam output communicates through a circulation line with the pure steam generator for circulating pure steam from the pure steam output to the pure steam generator. The circulation line is preferably arranged to feed a mixing space, in which the feed water and the circulating pure steam are mixed.

Abstract: Device for injecting a liquid into a tube and steam generator incorporating this device.The cannula has a divergent portion, means located on the bottom part of the cannula for centering the same and immobilizing it in translation relative to the tube, together with a sleeve surrounding the cannula. The means for centering and immobilizing the cannula in translation on the tube are constituted by a centering part, at least one slot and an inner cone formed in the sleeve, an outer cone formed on the bottom part of the cannula, said cones cooperating with one another, means being provided for elastically applying the outer cone to the inner cone.

Abstract: In a process for cooling hot process gases from a pressure gasification reactor the hot process gas is passed through a heat exchange with water to produce saturated steam and then in countercurrent heat exchange with said saturated steam to generate superheated steam, production of saturated steam and superheated steam are performed in a single pressure vessel. Correspondingly the two necessary heating surfaces packages are arranged in an upright pressure vessel one above the other.

Abstract: An improved steam generator having an auxiliary recirculation path in its secondary side is disclosed herein, as well as an improved method for mixing wet lay-up chemicals therein. The invention is particularly applicable to nuclear steam generators of the type including a secondary shell that contains a quantity of water, a bundle of heat exchange tubes, and a tube wrapper that concentrically surrounds the tube bundle for defining a downcomer path. The auxiliary recirculation path allows the water present within the tube wrapper to circulate through the downcomer path when the water level within the secondary shell is lowered below the upper edge of the tube wrapper during maintenance operations.

Abstract: A nuclear steam generator vessel having a stayed tube sheet with an untubed circular central region in the upper surface thereof, a baffle plate disposed a predetermined distance above the tube sheet parallel thereto and a plurality of tube lane blocks spaced-apart longitudinally of a tube lane extending diametrically across the tube sheet, incorporates a system for controlling the flow velocity of secondary fluid along the tube sheet to reduce deposition of sludge thereon. The system includes a cylindrical flow boosting ring disposed coaxially with the central region and supported beneath the baffle plate a predetermined distance above the tube sheet. The ring may be used alone or in combination with one or both of two perpendicular vertical plates which extend diametrically across the central region in contact with the tube sheet, one of these plates lying along the tube lane axis and spanning the innermost ones of the tube lane blocks. When the ring is used with the vertical plates it is supported thereby.

Abstract: The heat exchanger system is provided with a second duct part in communication with and downstream of the mixing chamber as well as a helical tube heating surface in the second duct part for conveying a working medium in heat exchange with the hot gas. A pair of branch ducts extend upwardly from the first duct part for the hot gas with the centrally disposed branch duct serving as a bypass for the hot gas. A restrictor in the form of a valve is provided at the upper end of the central branch duct to control the flow of hot gas therefrom into a mixing chamber.

Abstract: A mechanical feeding mechanism for delivering plugs seriatum from a cylindrical delivery chute having upper and lower latching mechanisms. Each of the upper and lower latching mechanisms are movable from a latching position wherein the latching mechanism engages a plug in the chute and an unlatching position. Linkage mechanism connects the upper and lower latching mechanisms such that when one of the latching mechanisms is in the unlatching position the other latching mechanism is biased toward the latching position.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heat exchange between a hot gas and a flowing medium that is conveyed in tube bundle heat transfer surfaces, especially a steam generator. The heat exchanger includes a pressure tank, the heat exchanger vessel in which are disposed tube bundles, and a hot gas conduit that is connected with a gas inlet of the heat exchanger wall. Also included are a gas guidance tube, a gas outlet to a circulation fan, and inlets and outlets for the flowing medium. The gas guiding tube opens into the heat exchanger from the side, and an annular channel is disposed after the gas inlet in the heat exchanger wall. The annular channel is delimited inwardly by a riser that forms the gas outlet and is disposed concentrically relative to the walls of the pressure tank and the heat exchanger. The gas from this annular chamber enters the tube bundles and, after being deflected, enters the riser that leads to the circulation fan.

Abstract: A unit for guiding the flow of cold gas from the annular chamber that is disposed between the pressure tank wall and the steam generator wall to the circulation fan of a steam generator of a high-temperature reactor, with hot gas being adapted to be supplied to the steam generator wall via a hot gas guide mechanism. The cold gas flows into a riser through a plurality of cold gas channels that pass through the upper end of compensating tube bundles that are associated with the steam generator wall. From the riser, the cold gas is supplied to the circulation fan, with the riser being disposed in that portion of the hot gas guide mechanism that extends parallel to the central axis of the pressure tank.

Abstract: The invention concerns a steam generator heated by the cooling gas of a nuclear reactor and arranged in the reactor pressure vessel within a vertical shaft. A blower associated with the steam generator is installed above it. The hot gas is conducted to the steam generator in the form of a helical bundle in the downward direction, with the hot gas being conducted initially downward through an annular channel and entering the bundle of heat exchanger tubes at a uniform velocity. The annular channel is sealed in upward direction by means of a sliding seal, which also serves as an earthquake support. In order to provide access to the feed water and live steam lines in view of the blower arranged on top, the two lines are conducted laterally out of and through the reactor pressure vessel. By means of the special fixation of the individual tubes of the heat exchanger bundle in vertical plates and the presence of an expansion zone for the recycling pipes, differential thermal expansion may be kept small.

Abstract: A method for the consumption dependent complete vaporization of liquid nitrogen oxide is shown where the liquid nitrogen oxide under pressure is passed through a buffer tank and is charged into a falling film evaporator. The unevaporated residual amount of nitrogen oxide is then subjected to heat in an after evaporator in order to completely vaporize the nitrogen oxide. The combined streams are then led out of the falling film evaporator and after evaporator through at least one safety trap to the ultimate take-off points. This results in the charge of the liquid material to the falling film evaporator being controlled through the pressure in the conduit system between the falling film evaporator and the points of utilization and permits a constant, previously determined pressure to be maintained in the system independently of the amount of material withdrawn.

Abstract: An improved, grid-type flow distribution baffle for both providing lateral support for an array of heat exchange tubes and for generating a sludge-sweeping water current within a steam generator is disclosed herein. Generally, the improved baffle comprises a plurality of grid members for defining an array of square, tube-capturing cells, wherein each wall of the cell is closely adjacent and contactable with the side of the tube. Each of the cells is circumscribed by a flange at one of its ends which includes a substantially circular opening for allowing the tube to extend through the cell. The flange includes four flat portions spaced 90.degree. apart for rendering the flange flush with the center portion of each of the square walls which form the cells of the baffle. These flat portions allow the flange to closely circumscribe the tube without coming into contact with it, thereby avoiding "point contact" between the flange and the tube.

Abstract: A shell and tube heat exchanger (2) having a vertical dam (50) surrounding one of the steam-water separators (26a), so as to create a low flow velocity or quiescent area where solids will settle out. The dam encircles an area seven times greater than the average area per-separator throughout the rest of separating deck, so that there is a low flow velocity. Also, an orifice (52) is positioned in the inlet to the dammed in separator, to further reduce the flow velocity. The settled out solids are removed from the steam generator through a blowdown pipe (60).

Abstract: A sludge trap, or mud drum, for use in nuclear steam generators includes internal baffles defining multiple laminar flow paths having decreased vertical settling distances. The baffling arrangements take advantage of the diverging nature of circular geometry of sludge traps such that flow path cross-sectional areas are maintained and increased in the direction of flow, to avoid undesired, detrimental flow acceleration; turbulence as well is minimized, thereby to achieve a desired quiescent environment for effective gravitational settlement of sediment and particulate matter.

Abstract: A steam generator has a pressure vessel containing a stack of exchange tubes and a feedwater header of ring shape connected to a feed water intake pipe passing through the wall of the vessel. A horitzontal section of the pipe contains at least one deflector comprising an axial hub and several helical blades connecting the hub to the wall of the pipe. The blades have a length which represents at least half a winding pitch if the deflector is to counteract thermal stratification only, at least 1.5 winding pitch if for avoiding pressure surges.

Abstract: A double tube helical coil steam generator is provided in which a multiplicity of inner tubes conducting water are individually surrounded by outer tubes containing liquid metal as a heat transfer agent. The double tubes form into helical coils, providing a large surface area while conserving space. Immersion of the double tube helical coil in hot liquid metal, e.g., from the core of a nuclear reactor, causes efficient transfer of heat across the liquid metal in the outer tube to the water in the inner tube, creating superheated steam, which can be cycled to a turbine and converted to electrical power. The efficiency, reliability and safety of the multiple double tube design of the steam generator obviates the necessity of many secondary heat removal and emergency components in addition to conserving space and material.

Abstract: A steam generator tubesheet/channel head/centerstay assembly wherein a threaded centerstay is screw-inserted to connect the tubesheet and the channel head. Seals are installed between the centerstay, the channel head and the tubesheet to prevent leakage.

Abstract: A steam generator installation comprises an envelope, first and second tube plates defining an intermediate fluid discharge chamber; a bundle of external tubes connected to the tube plate, an internal tube being arranged within each external tube, a liquid metal circulating outside the external tube, an admission chamber for the water, which is introduced into the internal tubes, a discharge chamber for the steam and an admission chamber for the intermediate fluid. This fluid circulates between the internal tubes and the external tubes. The intermediate fluid discharge chamber is connected to the inlet of a heat exchanger, which cools it. The intermediate fluid admission chamber is connected to the outlet of this exchanger.

Abstract: This indirectly heated potable water tank makes available an appliance meeting all the requirements for safe potable water and gives the consumer a device with a high continuous output of hot water, even when demand is high. The improved device contains the following improvements:(1) vented double sided metal sheet heat exchangers which result in a significant increase in the temperature of the water,(2) vented heat exhanger tubes as a further means to heat the water,(3) a corrugated metal heat exhange sheet in the vent space to transfer heat through its surface to the water, and(4) a vented potable water temporary storage reservoir where the heated reservoir walls additionally heat the stored water.

Abstract: A model steam generator including a system for facilitating the inspection of the sample tubes within the boiler vessel of the model generator is disclosed herein. The system includes means for detachably connecting the tubesheet from the primary and secondary sides of the boiler vessel. In the preferred embodiment, both end of the tubesheet and the abutting ends of the primary and secondary sides of the boiler vessel are circumscribed by tapered flanges. The tubesheet is detachably connected from the primary and secondary sides of the boiler vessel by means of Grayloc.RTM.-type annular clamps which are circumscribed by grooves for receiving the abutting flanges at the tubesheet joints. Additionally, the system includes a frame for suspending the secondary side of the boiler vessel, a wheeled cart having a jack for both laterally and vertically moving the primary side of the boiler vessel and the tubesheet into a clamping position onto the secondary side of the boiler vessel.

Abstract: According to the invention, the central body (10) of the steam generator filled with liquid sodium in its upper and middle part comprises in its lower part, on one hand, a crowned end wall (23) under which an inert gas is injected for forming a pocket (24) which contains a small volume of gas and defines a gas-liquid separation surface (25) for the reflection and the attenuation of a pressure wave in the event of a sodium-water reaction, and, on the other hand, a spider element (11) which connects the lower end of the central body (10) to an end element (16) provided with a frustoconical portion (17) which extends with an annular clearance into the outlet pipe (5) for the liquid sodium which has travelled through the tube bundle (7). Application in particular to nuclear power stations.

Abstract: A condenser-evaporator for use in a large air separation plant in which the condenser-evaporator is provided between an upper column and a lower column, the condenser-evaporator condensing nitrogen gas, ascending from the lower column through first conduit, by heat exchange with liquid oxygen flowing down from an upper column through second conduit. The condenser-evaporator includes a plurality of condenser blocks wherein the oxygen chambers of each condenser block are divided in a vertically multistage manner by partition members and wherein the nitrogen chambers of each condenser block form common passages through all the stages.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has upper and lower plenums which communicate with each other via heat transfer tubes. A downwardly-extending tube used to introduce secondary sodium coolant into the lower plenum extends among the heat transfer tubes and is fastened to the lower tube plate to communicate with the lower plenum. The downwardly-extending tube is stretched through the lower plenum in the axial direction thereof to contact at its lower end a bottom surface of the heat exchanger body. A plurality of openings are provided in a wall of the portion of the downwardly-extending tube which is in the lower plenum.Primary sodium coolant of a high temperature flows into the heat exchanger body from the portion thereof which is below an upper tube plate, and flows out of the heat exchanger body from the portion thereof which is above the lower tube plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a secondary heat transfer circuit for a liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactor, as well as to a steam generator which can be used in such a circuit.According to the invention, a downstream buffer tank and an upstream buffer tank are arranged within the steam generator. The upstream buffer tank is annular and surrounds and communicates with an area of the generator by which the liquid metal flows downwards between the exchange zone and the discharge tube. The pressure of the neutral gas pocket in the downstream buffer tank is higher than that of the pocket of the upstream buffer tank.Application to fast neutron nuclear reactors.

Abstract: Distributor for two-phase mixtures, including a distributor drum, a feed tube leading into the distributor drum in a given direction, a plurality of outlet tubes leading from the distributor drum at an angle to the given direction, and a flat baffle plate being disposed in the distributor drum at a right angle to the given direction, the baffle plate having an edge leading symmetrically and smoothly to the outlet tubes.

Abstract: A hot-water storage type hot-water supply apparatus operates under a natural circulation principle wherein hot-water is accumulated within a hot-water tank by circulating cold water or hot-water contained therein through a first circulation pipe connected to the bottom thereof, a heat exchanger, and a second circulation pipe. A thermal valve is mounted in the second circulation pipe downstream of the heat exchanger such that its opening area is varied depending upon the hot-water temperature in the second circulation pipe so as to maintain the temperature of the hot-water flowing out of the heat exchanger at a substantially constant temperature, resulting in the temperature distribution of the hot-water within the tank at the time of its boiling being kept substantially constant throughout the storage tank instantaneously at the start of the boiling of the hot-water.