Abstract: A steam boiler for producing superheated steam directly in the boiler from saturated steam being generated therein includes a plurality of vertical sealed high pressure boiler water heating tubes, each provided with an electrical heating element and containing a limited quantity of water, mounted in a boiler water filled well in the bottom wall of the boiler. Energization of the heating element of each sealed tube produces high pressure saturated steam in the tube causing the tube to rise in temperature to generate saturated steam in the boiler from the water in the well. The tubes each have a vertical extent substantially greater than the controlled depth of water in the boiler. The saturated boiler steam is superheated by an elongated, sealed, vertical vessel mounted on the bottom wall of the boiler and extending upwardly into the boiler steam space above the upper ends of the heating tubes.

Abstract: A heating device for supplying hot water to home heating systems and hot water faucet outlets in the home includes a combustion chamber which is adapted to burn wood fuel for supplying the necessary heat. The heating device comprises a base member containing an ash bin and ash door for the removal of burnt fuel, a water tank positioned on the base and sealed thereto, the water tank containing therein the combustion chamber which includes a grate which rests over the ash bin, the water in the water tank substantially completely surrounding the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber further including an exhaust pipe for removing exhaust combustion gases from the combustion chamber out of the heating device, the water tank being fully enclosed by an insulating shell which fits over the top thereof.

Abstract: A boiler for vaporizing liquid hydrogen fluoride has a heat transfer surface arranged to be covered increasingly by the liquid as the liquid level rises so that the heat supplied to the boiler can be adjusted to maintain a constant level of liquid in the boiler and thereby equate the feed rate of liquid hydrogen fluoride to that vaporized. Thus by metering and controlling the feed rate of the liquid the feed rate of the vapor can be metered and controlled.

Abstract: A heat transfer system for a nuclear reactor. Heat transfer is accomplished within a sealed vapor chamber which is substantially evacuated prior to use. A heat transfer medium, which is liquid at the design operating temperatures, transfers heat from tubes interposed in the reactor primary loop to spaced tubes connected to a steam line for power generation purposes. Heat transfer is accomplished by a two-phase liquid-vapor-liquid process as used in heat pipes. Condensible gases are removed from the vapor chamber through a vertical extension in open communication with the chamber interior.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is illustrated, which may be used as in a stream of solar heated air for heating flowing water, wherein an array of heat pipes is utilized in heat exchange relation with a manifold, wherein vapor medium is exchanged therebetween for conducting heat from one to the other.

Abstract: A heating boiler comprises an outer housing with a cylindrical wall in the housing extending from one end thereof and defining therewithin a primary fire chamber. A cylindrical fire space wall portion is radially spaced outwardly of the cylindrical fire wall and extends along the length of the fire wall and has a secondary portion which extends axially beyond the length of the cylindrical wall and has a greater diameter than the cylindrical wall and defines therein a secondary fire chamber which communicates with the primary fire chamber. The housing also contains a wall spaced radially inwardly of its interior which defines a chamber water space between the wall and the fire space wall and also a hot water tank between the wall and the interior of the housing.

Abstract: A helical coil of tubing is disposed in a cylindrical tank in spaced relation thereto so as to act as a baffle for the products of combustion introduced thereinto by creating a tortuous passageway in said tank. The helical coil has its end portions arranged in spaced parallel sections defining supporting skids extending longitudinally of the helical coil and thereby supporting the same in said tank. The tank is positioned in a secondary larger cylindrical tank and the fluid to be heated, such as oil, is circulated through the helical coil, the skid-like communicating portions thereof forming the supports and in the area between the tanks to obtain a highly efficient heat transfer.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is illustrated, which may be used as in a stream of solar heated air for heating flowing water, wherein an array of heat pipes is utilized in heat exchange relation with a manifold, wherein vapor medium is exchanged therebetween for conducting heat from one to the other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling a fluid stream, especially flue gases produced in large volumes in industrial processes. Heat is dumped from the gas stream via the medium of a circulating fluid which is evaporated by a gas stream and then recondensed as it dumps its acquired heat. The fluid is chosen and the rate of recondensation is controlled so that the liquid phase is at a selected saturation temperature which is then the interface temperature in the gas stream.

Abstract: A heat transferring device for transferring heat from an upper to a lower location utilizing a mechanical pump and motor to provide fluid transport. The device is entirely encased within a single vertically disposed member requiring no external plumbing and a minimum of fabrication. The resulting device is both compact and cost effective.

Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FR78/00010 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 13, 1979 Sec. 102(e) Mar. 13, 1979, PCT Filed July 18, 1978, PCT Pub. No. WO79/00056 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 8, 1979. Independent vaporization installation for transforming cryogenic fluids from the liquid to the gaseous state by heating the fluids while circulating them in a tube bundle immersed within the interior of a container.In an installation comprising a heat generator, a container, a water heating circuit for the water of the container, an exchanger comprising one or several coils immersed in the container and regulation and control means, the invention resides in the fact that the heating water is constantly recycled by means of diffusion racks 54 and aspiration racks 56. The diffusion racks 54 comprise at least four perforated pipes occupying the upper portion of the container 13. The aspiration racks 56 comprise two perforated pipes sutuated near the base of the container and connected to the pumps 16 which direct water back to the generator.

Abstract: A compact rectangular boiler for hot water heating systems serves as a booster or helper boiler but can be used in some cases as a primary boiler. A boiler power module consisting of fire tubes and a surrounding water chamber is readily removable like a sliding drawer for cleaning and repair, when necessary. Beneath the boiler power module is a sturdy refractory lined fire box for burning wood or other solid fuel including a cast iron grate. Beneath the grate is a readily removable ash receiving drawer or pan. The boiler power module may employ an alternate heating source in the form of an electrical heating element. Forced draft and manual draft arrangements are included.

Abstract: A water heating stove, comprises a fire box substantially surrounded by a water jacket through which water to be heated circulates. The fire box is completely closed by sealing, loading and clean out doors, to provide that the only access for combustion air is a special aperture below the fire, controlled by a thermostatically operated damper. The fire box bottom wall is inclined to allow drainage of water condensates without losing combustion air flow control, via a water trap. The stove includes a heat transfer coil through which water is circulated to supply hot water.

Abstract: An efficient, compact boiler system providing both heating water for heating an enclosed space, such as a home, and domestic hot water for washing and similar purposes, has a limited fluid capacity primary heating coil within a combustion chamber. The coil supplies heated water to a larger capacity storage boiler located directly below the primary boiler and connected to it by header pipes which themselves form a manifold into which the primary coil is connected. The storage boiler distributes the heated water through the heating system. An elongated secondary heating coil within the boiler heats the domestic hot water supply by heat transfer from the boiler water. The return header pipe discharges heated water directly into the interior loop of the secondary coil to quickly heat the domestic hot water when the burner is "on".

Abstract: A horizontal water filled vaporizer chamber is heated through the instrumentality of a horizontal combustion chamber extending through a lower portion of the vaporizer chamber. A first plenum inside the vaporizer chamber at a first end thereof receives combustion products from the chamber, and horizontal flues open to this first plenum carry these combustion products from it through the vaporizer chamber to a second plenum outside of the boiler where they are discharged up a stack. A plurality of vaporizer coils, each consisting of vertically spaced horizontal runs of pipe, extend from end to end in an upper portion of the vaporizer chamber. Each pair of adjacent pipe runs in each coil lie in a plane forming an acute angle with respect to a horizontal plane. Every vaporizer coil is connected inside the vaporizer chamber at its lower end to a liquid propane inlet header and at its upper end to a gaseous propane outlet header.

Abstract: Apparatus for vaporization of liquids having a boiling point lower than that of water, comprising a vessel having at least three narrow planar plena, contiguous to each other, so that there is a single metal wall between each adjacent pair of plena. Gaseous fuel and air is supplied to the first plenum to provide a downflowing flame and hot products of combustion which, at the bottom of the first plenum, pass through the wall into the second plenum, which is filled with water. The hot gases and water rise rapidly in the second plenum and the water flows over the intervening wall into the third plenum, which is also filled with water, which moves downwardly and back under the wall separating the second and third plena, and again rises in the second plenum. A vertical array of horizontal pipes is arranged in the third plenum, through which the liquid to be vaporized is flowed.

Abstract: A water heating and forced air heating system that provides potable hot water and that also provides heated air for heating enclosed spaces within buildings, including: a water heater including a water tank filled with water, a burner for heating the water in the tank, and an exhaust flue for removing hot gases generated by the burner; a gas-to-liquid heat exchange unit disposed within the flue; a forced air heater having a casing that defines a chamber, a liquid-to-gas heat exchange unit disposed within the chamber, a gas-to-gas heat exchange unit also disposed within the chamber, and a blower for pulling fresh air into the chamber and blowing it past the heat exchange units to absorb heat; a pump for pumping water through the gas-to-liquid heat exchange unit so that the water becomes heated by the hot gases within the flue; another pump for pumping heated water through the liquid-to-gas heat exchange unit to heat the air flowing within the chamber; and a conduit for connecting the terminal end of the flue t

Abstract: A boiler has a cylindrical firebox surrounded by a water jacket which, in turn, is surrounded by a hot water boiler. The firebox has a cylindrical primary furnace, in which a burner for liquid or gaseous fuel is located, and a cylindrical secondary furnace which is of greater diameter than the primary furnace. Combustion gases are removed from the secondary furnace through fire tubes arranged in a circular array around the fire box and extending axially thereof through the water jacket. The water jacket and hot water boiler are separated by a partition which lies against the circular fire tube array inside the water jacket.

Abstract: A closed heat transfer system which is capable of providing more efficient heat transfer by virtue of the fact that a small fuel burner is operated for a longer period of time but with much less consumption of fuel than compared to a conventional cycled heating system. The system includes a heat sink containing a suitable heat storage fluid, a heat source, heat transfer means, a preheater means, hot water feed means, and circulator means. The heat sink preferably takes the form of a closed container operable in the manner of a boiler and filled with a suitable heat storage fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for vaporizing liquefied natural gas using estuarine water comprising as arranged in series a heat exchanger of the indirectly heating, intermediate fluid type, a multitubular concurrent heat exchanger and a multitubular countercurrent heat exchanger and process for vaporizing liquefied natural gas using the same.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the vaporization of a mixture of two liquefied gases in chemical equilibrium with a binary compound thereof. The apparatus comprises an enclosed vessel having a liquid zone and a vaporized gas zone. A liquid supply means, in fluid communication with the liquid zone, passes the mixture to be vaporized as a liquid from a supply source into the vessel. A heating element, having a housing disposed about it, extends downward through a portion of the interior of the vessel and is adapted to supply sufficient heat to vaporize a gaseous mixture from the liquid zone. Means for superheating and removing the vaporized gaseous mixture from the vessel are provided. The method of vaporization comprises withdrawing the mixture as a liquid from a supply source and passing it into the vessel to form a liquid phase.

Abstract: A wickless heat pipe assembly comprising a pair of conduits each having a vaporization region at one end and a condensing region at the other. The vaporization regions are configured to prevent the heat-transferring fluid, while in liquid form, from flowing downwardly into their respective conduits. A pair of liquid return passages connect each condensing region with the vaporization region of the opposite conduit through a check valve. Cyclically alternating changes in pressure in the two conduits are produced by alternately applying heat to the two vaporization regions. The pressure differentials cause any liquid collected at the condensing region to be returned to the vaporization region. This positive pumping action of the heat transfer fluid permits the heat pipe assembly to operate in almost any attitude and is particularly suitable for the downward transfer of heat.

Abstract: A package heat exchange system using an expanded surface gas-fired burner to supply heat via a heat exchange coil in a dome above the extended surface heat exchanger which heats domestic hot water and supplies heat via the dome to a radiator for heating a living area of a home. A control system provides for utilizing steam from the extended surface heat exchanger to heat the coil in the dome and maintains a first pressure for supplying the domestic hot water and a higher pressure when radiator heat is called for. The heat for domestic hot water may be further heat transferred in a fourth heat exchanger which adjusts the temperature of the domestic hot water. The heat supplied to the radiator may be self-pumping by utilizing steam and the heat to the radiator may be cut off by supplying a control to the return pipe of the radiator which allows the radiator to fill with condensate from the steam.

Abstract: A package heat exchange system using an expanded surface gas-fired burner to supply heat via a heat exchange coil in a dome above the extended surface heat exchanger which heats domestic hot water and supplies heat via the dome to a radiator for heating a living area of a home. A control system provides for utilizing steam from the extended surface heat exchanger to heat the coil in the dome and maintains a first pressure for supplying the domestic hot water and a higher pressure when radiator heat is called for. The heat for domestic hot water may be further heat transferred in a fourth heat exchanger which adjusts the temperature of the domestic hot water. The heat supplied to the radiator may be self-pumping by utilizing steam and the heat to the radiator may be cut off by supplying a control to the return pipe of the radiator which allows the radiator to fill with condensate from the steam.

Abstract: A package heat exchange system using an expanded surface gas-fired burner to supply heat via a heat exchange coil in a dome above the extended surface heat exchanger which heats domestic hot water and supplies heat via the dome to a radiator for heating a living area of a home. A control system provides for utilizing steam from the extended surface heat exchanger to heat the coil in the dome and maintains a first pressure for supplying the domestic hot water and a higher pressure when radiator heat is called for. The heat for domestic hot water may be further heat transferred in a fourth heat exchanger which adjusts the temperature of the domestic hot water. The heat supplied to the radiator may be self-pumping by utilizing steam and the heat to the radiator may be cut off by supplying a control to the return pipe of the radiator which allows the radiator to fill with condensate from the steam.

Abstract: A quantity of aluminum is in heat exchange contact with a potassium loop and a steam/water loop. The potassium loop includes a solar energy collector and the solar-heated potassium melts the aluminum to store thermal energy as latent heat of fusion. The steam/water loop extracts steam at 1,000.degree. F. as long as at least some of the aluminum is in the molten state. The steam/water loop includes a steam power turbogenerator unit as user; the quantity of aluminum should suffice to yield, upon resolidification, sufficient heat to satisfy the energy demand of the unit during night time.

Abstract: The heating apparatus for applying heat to the interior of a chamber includes a modular, removable, electrical, heat-producing unit and a heat pipe mountable in a wall of the chamber with one end of the pipe arranged to receive heat from the electrical heat producing unit exterior of the housing and with another end of the pipe constructed and arranged to apply heat to the medium within the chamber. The heat pipe has high conductivity with a low temperature differential between the ends thereof and the heat producing unit includes an electric coil positioned about and removably secured to the one end of the heat pipe. The electric coil is embedded in a high thermal conductivity, low electrical conductivity filler material which is surrounded by a low thermal conductivity insulating jacket and which is received around a metal core member which is removably secured to the one end of the heat pipe.

Abstract: A water bath vaporizer for converting liquid propane into gaseous propane includes a propane-carrying heat transfer pipe in the form of a helix immersed in a water bath in an insulated upright cylindrical water chamber. Multiple straight vertical flues are integral with a bottom plate and a top plate of the water chamber and are open through the water bath and the center of the helix to carry combustion products and heated air from a combustion chamber to a stack above. Liquid propane is introduced at the top of the helix and gaseous propane is removed from the bottom and is discharged vertically upwardly through a liquid cut-off float valve which prevents flow of liquid propane out of the vaporizer. A breather attachment includes a breather pipe having a first section extending outwardly from a top portion of the water chamber at a slight upward angle and having a vertical second section terminating in an upwardly opening outer end.

Abstract: A heat source and an element to be heated are immersed in a common liquid heat exchange medium. Baffles are arranged to guide the heated portion of the liquid upward and toward the heated element and guide the cooled portion of the liquid downward and toward the heat source in such a manner as to avoid conflict between the two flows to maximize the heat exchange between the source and element.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for heating and storing a fluid contain the fluid in a heat insulated space and prepare by heating of a heat transfer medium in a first region located at a distance from that space a vapor having a certain pressure and being condensable through transfer of heat to the contained fluid. A second region of a pressure lower than the mentioned vapor pressure is provided by heat transfer to the contained fluid in the mentioned space. The vapor is passed to the lower pressure second region into heat transfer relationship with, but physically separate from, the mentioned fluid and is converted by heat transfer to said fluid to a condensate in that lower pressure second region whereby the fluid is heated. The condensate is maintained physically separate from the fluid and is recycled from the second region to the first region.

Abstract: An evaporator adapted to convert a liquified gas, such as chlorine, into a gas, the evaporator including an enclosed vapor chamber functioning as a pressure vessel. The vapor chamber is suspended within a water chamber having a heater serving to raise the temperature of the water to a level at which heat transfer through the wall of the vapor chamber causes the liquified gas fed therein through an inlet pipe to evaporate and produce a superheated gas that is discharged through an outlet pipe. The vapor chamber is fabricated of a steel tank whose outer surface is coated with a film of tetrafluoroethylene having a thickness just sufficient to render the film impermeable to water, thereby inhibiting corrosion of the steel surface and the formation of scale thereon, the thickness of the film being insufficient to materially reduce the heat transfer characteristics of the vapor chamber.

Abstract: A heating device for applying heat to the interior of a closed container containing a liquid therein to be heated includes an elongate cartridge-type electric heating unit and at least one heat pipe having a heat absorbing end and a heat transmitting end. The electric heating unit is attached to the heat absorbing end of each heat pipes and the heating device is secured in an aperture in the wall of the container by means of a mounting flange. The electric heating unit is mounted in an aperture in the mounting flange and the heating unit and at least one heat pipe attached thereto extend into the interior of the chamber to apply heat to the liquid in the container.

Abstract: A water boiler comprising a housing for the water, which is comprised of front, rear and side walls, the side wall ends being connected to the rear and front walls by external fillet weld seams. A tube is mounted in outwardly flaring apertures in the front and rear walls, and the opposite tube ends protude beyond these walls and are connected thereto by external fillet weld seams. The tube consists of a sheet metal blank having two abutting edges extending the length of the tube and an external weld seam fluid-tightly connects the abutting edges between two adjacent ones of a plurality of circumferentially spaced and longitudinally extending sheet metal profiles affixed to the inner surface of the tube. A combustion chamber is mounted within the tube and is surrounded by the sheet metal profiles which operate as flues for combustion gases generated therein.

Abstract: Liquid ammonia at a temperature of approximately -28.degree. F has its temperature raised to a level more suitable for transporting it, e.g. 40.degree. F, by passing it in heat exchange relation with higher temperature ammonia vapor which results from passing a liquid, such as water, from a waste heat source, in heat exchange relation with the ammonia, the vapor then condensing and the condensate returning to the heat exchange relation with the water, controls being provided to avoid inadvertent freezing of the water.

Abstract: A system for recovering heat from a geothermal well includes a quantity of heavy drilling mud filling the bottom of the geothermal well. A hollow heat absorber is disposed within the drilling mud in the well bottom. The heat absorber is supplied with a working fluid such as freon through a supply pipe extending from the top of the well, the pressure head of the working fluid at the heat absorber being commensurate with the depth of the well. A high pressure gas delivery pipe extends from the heat absorber to the top of the well, and is connected to a heat exchanger disposed within a water boiler. The outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to a working fluid supply tank, which is connected in turn to the upper end of the supply pipe. A thermostatic valve interposed between the supply tank and the supply pipe controls the amount of working fluid entering the heat absorber in accordance with the temperature and heat demands of the water boiler.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a fluid in which a vapor generator is provided which includes a furnace section for combusting a fuel and means to pass water in a heat exchange relation to the furnace section to convert the water to steam. A heat exchanger is provided in fluid flow communication with the furnace section for receiving the steam and for passing the steam in a heat exchange relation with the fluid to preheat the fluid. An additional heat exchanger is provided adjacent the furnace section for receiving the combustion gases from the furnace section and passing same in a heat exchange relation with the preheated fluid to apply additional heat to the fluid.

Abstract: A shell and tube-type heat exchanger, such as a liquid sodium-operated steam generator for use in nuclear reactors, comprises a shell containing a primary fluid tube bundle, a secondary fluid tube bundle at higher elevation, and an intermediate fluid vaporizing at the surface of the primary fluid tubes and condensing at the surface of the secondary fluid tubes.

Abstract: A forced circulation heater equipped with a blower burner is provided with a horizontally extending exhaust gas duct and with a heat exchanger disposed within the exhaust gas duct. The heat exchanger is constructed as a plate block and includes upright water tubes. A storage vessel is disposed above the heat exchanger and heating system header connections and return connections extend directly into the storage vessel. The heat exchanger together with its upright water tubes is incorporated into the horizontally extending exhaust duct to extend over the entire cross section thereof with the tubes of the heat exchanger being connected to the storage vessel.

Abstract: The present invention comprises (1) a heat source, (2) a heat pipe, and (3) a thermal transformer in thermal contact with said heat pipe and proximately disposed to said heat source, whereby a uniform heat transfer from said heat source to a heating system is obtained. The thermal transformer includes (1) a container, (2) a working fluid and its vapor which are essentially in equillibrium, (3) evaporating surfaces depending from the internal surfaces of the transformer that are wetted with the working fluid and that are proximate to the heat source, and (4) condensing surfaces depending from the exterior of those areas of said heat pipe that are in thermal contact with said transformer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing superheated gaseous fluid from a low temperature liquid supply wherein the liquid is provided to a closed chamber containing a heat transfer fluid to be in thermal transfer association with a vapor phase thereof. Heat is supplied to a liquid phase of the heat transfer fluid in the chamber to provide a continuous cycle of vaporization and condensation of the heat transfer fluid. A plurality of different heat sources may be provided for heating the heat transfer fluid, and one or more separate chambers may be utilized for heating the fluid.

Abstract: A reduced pressure type or vacuum steam generator comprising an air tight steam chamber or compartment, the inside of which is maintained at reduced atmospheric pressure or vacuum conditions and containing a heat medium liquid. At the top of the steam chamber there is provided a gas reservoir having an outlet for permeating out a non-condensible gas and which outlet is covered with a polymer film.

Abstract: An evaporator for converting a liquified gas such as chlorine into a superheated gas. The evaporator is constituted by a pressure vessel having a heat pipe vertically mounted therein, the lower end of the pipe projecting below the vessel and being coupled to a heat source whereby thermal energy from the source is transferred to the interior of the vessel. Liquified gas is fed into the vessel through an inlet pipe to form a pool in the lower zone thereof, in contact with the heat pipe. The gas evaporated from the heated pool is discharged through an outlet pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus working according to the vacuum vaporization principle for heating one or a number of fluid mediums which are separated from one another wherein a separate heat exchanger for each fluid medium to be heated is arranged in an evacuated vessel partially filled with a vaporizable heating liquid medium. All of the heat exchangers are practically exclusively heated by the vapor of the vaporizable heating liquid medium. One or a number of components of the evacuated vessel which at least embody a respective heat exchanger are constructionally separated from the remaining component thereof constituting a heating component and connected therewith only by one or a number of connection conduits. The connection conduit or conduits are constructed and/or arranged such that recycling of the condensate of the heating liquid medium from the heat exchanger components or components to the heating component can occur without hindering the function of the apparatus.