Abstract: The present disclosure seeks to provide a metallic burner tile for use in industrial processes such as cracking. The tile is substantially metallic (e.g. more than 80%) with the balance being ceramic coating on surfaces exposed to high temperature. The tile is lighter and more durable than the current ceramic burners.

Abstract: A fired heater with a film temperature optimizer is presented. The fired heater is for heating a process fluid in process coils within the fired heater. The process coils experience high temperatures at the outlets. The film temperature optimizer includes baffles or means for changing the flow of the fired heating gas around the process coils near the coil outlets. The baffles are positioned near the process coil outlets.

Abstract: A fired heater has two cells segregated by an insulative wall. A first plurality of burners are located in the first cell and a second plurality of burners are located in the second cell. A radiant tube extends from the first cell to the second cell for carrying a fluid material through the heater to heat the fluid material. The flow of fuel to the burners in either the first cell or the second cell can be terminated to accommodate lower heater duty when demand is lower.

Abstract: A combination boiler provides heated water to a boiler loop and heated domestic hot water (DHW) to a DHW loop. A primary heat exchanger is connected to the boiler loop. A burner provides heat to the primary heat exchanger and an input fan supplies a fuel and air mixture to the burner. A secondary heat exchanger transfers heat energy from the boiler loop to a domestic water loop. A controller determines a boiler loop flow rate. The controller measures an input temperature of the boiler loop, an output temperature of the boiler loop, and a DHW output temperature of the domestic water loop. The controller determines a DHW input temperature and estimates a DHW flow rate. The input fan speed is initiated or operated according to a required heat output of the burner corresponding to the DHW flow rate.

Abstract: Modern steam generators typically include a radiant section and a convection section. Due to differing performance requirements of the radiant and convection sections, the radiant section often has a round cross-section, while the convection section often has a rectangular cross-section. Previous designs utilized a target wall to affect the transition. An angled transition section is disclosed herein that substantially eliminates the target wall and/or the reverse target and provides a corresponding improvement in steam generator efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reducing iron oxide to metallic iron using coke oven gas, including: dividing coke oven gas from a coke oven gas source into a plurality of coke oven gas streams; providing a first coke oven gas stream to a hydrogen enrichment unit to form a hydrogen-rich product stream that is delivered to a reduction shaft furnace as part of a reducing gas stream; and providing a tail gas stream from the hydrogen enrichment unit to a reforming reactor to form a reformed gas stream that is delivered to a reduction shaft furnace as part of the reducing gas stream. Optionally, a spent top gas stream from the reduction shaft furnace is cleansed of CO2 and recycled back to the reducing gas stream.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a unique aircraft propulsion gas turbine engine. Another embodiment is a unique gas turbine engine. Another embodiment is a unique gas turbine engine. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for gas turbine engines with heat exchange systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

Abstract: An oven includes a cooking chamber, a gas-fired heat exchanger external of the cooking chamber and a flow path for circulating air from the cooking chamber past the heat exchanger to pick-up heat and then back to the cooking chamber under operation of a blower. A first combustion path gas flow path runs from the heat exchanger to an exhaust system for delivering combustion path gases away from the oven, and a second combustion path gas flow path runs from the heat exchanger to the cooking chamber for delivering combustion path gases into the cooking chamber. A control arrangement is configured to selectively control the flow of combustion path gases along at least one of the first combustion gas flow path or the second combustion gas flow path.

Abstract: An insulating material is fed in and shaped by superposing a plurality of N layers Ci (3) of the insulating material. For each layer Ci, a plurality of ni, axial insulating elements Ei precut from the insulating material is formed, a rough form of the tubular insulating device is formed by using an adhesive to assemble the Ni elements Ei of each layer Ci which are juxtaposed along a plurality of joining zones Ji, so that the plurality of joining zones Ji+1 of a layer Ci+1 is offset relative to the plurality of joining zones Ji, of the adjacent layer Ci. Then, by the adhesive is polymerized, and the tubular element rough form is subjected to a heat treatment. The method is economical and makes it possible to obtain a device of high mechanical strength.

Abstract: A fluid heater constructed of rectangular tubing through which fluid to be heated is circulated in a circuitous path. The floor and walls of a combustion chamber of the heater are constructed of the rectangular tubing. A tubular coil stack is positioned over the combustion chamber and surrounded by coil stack chamber walls constructed of the rectangular tubing. Consequently, all surfaces of the fluid heater exposed directly to flame are constantly cooled by the fluid to be heated. A combustion unit of the fluid heater is removable to facilitate maintenance.

Abstract: A pyrolysis heater particularly for the cracking of hydrocarbons in the production of olefins has a burner arrangement in the firebox which includes staged combustion low NOx hearth burners firing upwardly in the firebox adjacent to the walls. Wall stabilizing gas fuel injection tips, located at an elevation above the hearth burners, inject fuel upwardly between the walls and the flame from the hearth burners. This prevents rollover of the flame onto the process heater coil and overheating of the coil.

Abstract: An improved process and article of manufacture to advance heater performance and reduce the cost of delayed coker charge heaters. Such improved performance is realized by routing delayed coker feedstock through a double row, double fired, heating conduit thus creating a channel to contain previously heated flue gas and resulting in the introduction of downflow, backside convective heat transfer to the interior portion of the heating conduit. When replacing the present art's single row coker tubes with the double row heating conduit afforded by the instant invention, the backside convective heat transfer introduced to the interior portion of the heating conduit eliminates the necessity of double firing the present art's single row coker heater tubes to achieve similar results.

Abstract: An improved process and article of manufacture to effectuate pressure reduction in a delayed coker charge heater's radiant heat section outlet and feedstock process coil, by upflowing coker feedstock through a single or double row, single or double fired, feedstock process coil. The innovative upflowing of coker feedstock as disclosed by the present invention allows BFW/Steam injection and vaporizing hydrocarbons to rise in the same flow direction as the coker feedstock, resulting in an enhanced mixing of fluid film and coker feedstock. Such enhanced mixing, in turn, increases heat transfer rates to the feedstock. As coker charge heater burners are commonly located in the bottom of the heater, the lower portion of the heater is typically the location of highest processing temperatures and tube side fouling.

Abstract: A heater for liquids having a pump that receives the liquid to be heated includes a burner for producing heat output. A primary heating coil has an inlet for receiving the liquid to be heated from the pump and an outlet. The primary heating coil is located above the burner to receive heat output and a secondary heating coil having an inlet is positioned above the primary heating coil to receive burner heat output. The secondary heating coil receives heated liquid from the primary coil outlet for further heating to produce the final heated liquid at its outlet. A conduit recirculates heated liquid from said secondary heating coil back to the pump inlet to mix with the liquid applied to the inlet to raise the temperature of the liquid supplied to the primary heating coil.

Abstract: An advanced compact heater which includes a radiant section of tube coils nested about a plurality of tiers of vertically spaced-apart fiber matrix burners. Each burner is comprised of a hollow cylindrical shell of a fiber matrix material with an oval cross-section of optimum height-to-width aspect ratio and a long length-to-height aspect ratio. A process fluid or water is directed through the radiant coil of tubes disposed in vertical arrays on opposite sides of the burner tiers. Pre-mixed fuel and air flamelessly combusts on the active sections of the burner surfaces permitting narrow burner-to-coil spacing with a compact heater size and reduced capital cost in relation to the heat input rating. Exhaust from the burners flows in heat exchange relationship past tube coils in a convective section for extraction of residual heat.

Abstract: In boilers, process tubes are suspended by means of support studs that are in thermal contact with and attached to the metal roof casing of the boiler and the upper bend portions of the process tubes. The support studs are sufficiently short that when the boiler is in use, the support studs are cooled by conduction of heat to the process tubes and the roof casing thereby maintaining the temperature of the stud so that it does not exceed 1400.degree. F.

Abstract: A unique combustion system is described which improves the aerodynamic pattern associated with the combustion gases inside a pyrolysis furnace. The resultant pattern is very stable, creates minimum flame impingement on the process tubes, and ensures a very high mixing level throughout the reactor.

Abstract: Combustion gas passes upwardly through the radiant section of a fired process heater having vertical tubes in such manner that the gas is in predominantly back-mixed flow condition in the lower portion of the radiant section and predominantly plug-flow condition in the upper portion of the radiant section.

Abstract: This invention relates to a furnace equipped with a fuel optimizer for more effectively controlling fuel consumption in the furnace and a method for using the furnace fuel optimizer. In particular, the invention relates to a furnace fuel optimizer which controls combustion air by maximizing radiant section heat transfer with respect to convective section heat transfer while monitoring CO emissions in the flue gas and monitoring the draft below the convective section in order to obtain an optimum control value. The furnace fuel optimizer then regulates the furnace to correspond to the optimum control value by adjusting the air input to the furnace so that continuous furnace operation is possible at maximum efficiency.

Abstract: A boiler is presented improved in capacity and efficiency and causing less pollution and noise wherein a first tubular wall means and a second tubular wall means outwardly of the first wall means encompassing the first wall means therein are disposed within a boiler casing to form a combustion chamber inside of the first wall means, each of the wall means comprising an outer wall and inner wall to form a space therebetween which is coupled with the both chambers to allow communication therebetween through the space, gas duct means extending from the combustion chamber to outside of the boiler casing within the spaces of the respective wall means in a mandering fashion utilizing gaps formed between the first and second wall means and between the second wall means and the boiler casing.Additional gas passage means may be provided in the first wall means or in the both wall means so as to diverge the combustion gas flow adjacent opening means of the duct means sucking the combustion gas.

Abstract: The scaling of the internal surfaces of vertical downflow fired heater tubes is decreased by a vapor-liquid mixing means located in the straight section of the tubes which have downward flow.

Abstract: An air-cooled process heat exchanger is connected to a process fired heater which uses ambient air for combustion. The exhaust air from the heat exchanger is used as preheated air to the combustion furnace, resulting in energy savings and decreased fuel consumption.

Abstract: A tube furnace for the cracking of organic feed stock, e.g. naphtha to ethylene, comprises a chamber traversed by at least one conduit system for the organic feed stock. The conduit system in the region of the inlet comprises a plurality of pipes which are united at an intermediate location and communicate jointly with a single pipe forming the discharge portion of the duct system. Preferably the flow cross section of the duct system increases from the inlet to the outlet end. Burners are provided in the wall of the chamber.

Abstract: A steam generator for a steam power plant, comprising a furnace for generating hot gases and a gas pass in communication therewith, the gas pass having a sectionalized chamber for hot gas cooling. The entire gas pass together with the chamber constitute a single construction unit built up of water walls arranged one above another in height and bent in a horizontal plane so that each element of each water wall has a different number of bends. The adjacent water walls are interconnected through the top points of the bends forming sections of the entire gas pass together with the sections of the cooling chamber. This results in the formation of a system of rigidly interconnected sections which constitutes the basis of the steam generator structure featuring high rigidity and a high bearing capacity. This allows obviating any additional appliances for fastening the generator and, hence, diminishing materially the metal requirements and simplifying both the erection and operation of the steam generator.

Abstract: The disclosure describes wall for a direct fired heater which burns high sulfur fuels. The wall includes an inner casing lined internally with refractory and an outer casing spaced from the inner casing to provide, air space therebetween and means for controlling the rate of air flow thru the space. Proper selection of the refractory and proper control of the rate of air flow assure that the temperature of the inner casing is maintained above the dew points of sulfur oxides for any ambient condition. The casings are joined at their upper ends and an air opening is provided at the lower end of the outer casing whereby air is admitted to the air space. An adjustable air vent is provided at the upper end of the outer casing for control of casing temperature, when necessary. A plurality of horizontal baffles extend from the inner casing outward into the air space to inhibit re-circulation of air in the air space.

Abstract: Apparatus for improved recovery of heat from combustion gases in the convection section of a furnace by improved radiant heat transfer. Thin strips of selected metals are arrayed and supported on the fluid carrying pipes in the furnace, in such a way that interference to the vertical flow of combustion gases is held to a minimum. The metal strips are heated by flow parallel to their surfaces of the combustion gases. Heat is radiated from the metal strips to the pipes with a consequent increase of heat transfer to the fluid within the pipes.

Abstract: A tube furnace for the cracking of organic feed stock, e.g. naphtha to ethylene, comprises a chamber traversed by at least one conduit system for the organic feed stock. The conduit system in the region of the inlet comprises a plurality of pipes which are united at an intermediate location and communicate jointly with a single pipe forming the discharge portion of the duct system. Preferably the flow cross section of the duct system increases from the inlet to the outlet end. Burners are provided in the wall of the chamber.

Abstract: A tube furnace, especially for the cracking of hydrocarbons, comprises a heat and combustion chamber in which the hydrocarbons are passed through a plurality of tube coils lying in planes parallel to the walls of the chamber and having predominantly vertical stretches. Preferably, a plurality of tube coils is provided and lies along respective walls of the vessel with each pair of tube coils communicating with a common tube coil of larger cross section extending into the interior of the chamber.

Abstract: Arrangement of heat transfer tubes in a heating furnace in which the heat transfer tube is divided into several paths in the radiant heat transfer zone and these branched tubes are arranged in juxtaposition and alternative relation in each row and divided into a plurality of groups in a cycle of the alternation, and burners are provided in front of each tube group.

Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of a heater for heating a fluid using hot products of combustion, a second heat exchanger is connected to a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger absorbing primarily radiant heat from the hot products of combustion and the second heat exchanger absorbing primarily convected heat from the hot products of combustion. The hot products of combustion either pass through an array of parallel tubes in the second heat exchanger, or the second heat exchanger is inserted into the end of the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a means for supporting a tube in a tube heater in such a manner that the tube can move bodily and the convolutions thereof can move individually.

Abstract: This disclosure teaches a direct fired heater with a double casing. The double casing includes a somewhat conventional inner casing having a burner penetrating therethrough and an outer casing spaced from the inner casing to form a passage in flow communication between the atmosphere and the burner. The outer casing surrounds the burner and is provided with an acoustic inner surface to minimize escape of noise. Design of refractory linings with respect to thickness and density allows for maintenance of skin temperature of the inner casing above the condensation ranges of SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3.