Abstract: A wet scrubber apparatus has a housing with access doors and guides that allow for the installation of self-contained baffle modules. Selected baffle modules can to be inserted, exchanged, removed or left blank (no baffles) within the wet scrubber housing, depending on the desired process. The wet scrubber allows for variable performance and feature-enhancing for a target efficiency and effectiveness. The wet scrubber can incorporate a pump and pipe manifold “fluidizer” design that can spray water or fluid up onto the modules during operation of the wet scrubber to keep collected material off the baffles. Water can be sprayed throughout the modules onto the baffles during operation, or when the scrubber is offline, isolated from the gas to be scrubbed, during a cleaning operation. This water or fluid can come from an outside source or can be piped and valved to recirculate existing scrub water or fluid.

Abstract: An aqueous stream cleaning system including a circulation pump to receive a waste fluid and/or a concentrated liquid bottoms stream, and expel a circulation stream. The aqueous stream cleaning system can also include a primary heat exchanger to receive the circulation stream from the circulation pump. The primary heat exchanger can have a plurality of heat exchange plates that define an internal surface area for heat transfer from a distillate stream to the circulation stream to produce a cooled distillate stream and a heated circulation stream. The plurality of heat exchange plates can be spaced to facilitate free flow of solids in the circulation stream between the plurality of heat exchange plates. A mass flow rate and pressure of the circulation stream can be configured to minimize build-up of solids in the primary heat exchanger. The aqueous stream cleaning system can further include an evaporation unit to receive the heated circulation stream from the primary heat exchanger.

Abstract: A steam separator for a boiler includes an upper support rail assembly and an integrated baffle unit. Rail assembly clips can be secured to the upper support rail assembly for retaining an edge of one or more baffle panels. The integrated baffle unit can include a bottom tray assembly with a bottom baffle panel and one or more side baffle panels. The side baffle panels can be maintained within a bottom tray clip and/or a rail assembly clip.

Abstract: According to at least some example embodiments, a dome collector separation stage includes an inner side wall that defines an inner channel; and an outer side wall that, together with the inner side wall, defines an outer channel, the inner channel being configured to receive a two-phase flow stream (FS) of water and steam, and pass the two-phase FS to the outer channel via inlets included in the inner side wall, the outer channel being configured to separate at least some water from the two-phase FS, and pass moisture-reduced steam out of the steam separator stage via outlets included in the outer side wall.

Abstract: An air cleaner and an oil mist filter are disclosed. The air cleaner includes a main body, and a filter device. The filter device includes at least one dust filter configured to filter external air and an oil mist filter configured to filter oil mist. The oil mist filter includes a stationary filter including a plurality of first baffles, and a movable filter including a plurality of second baffles respectively corresponding to the plurality of first baffles. The movable filter is movably disposed on one side of the stationary filter to be moved to first or second position. The oil mist filter is provided with a first air path in the first position, the first and second baffles are positioned closest to each other. The oil mist filter is provided with a second air path in the second position, the first and second baffles are farthest away from each other.

Abstract: A system for on-wing engine washing and water reclamation is provided. The system has at least one spray device for introducing a cleaning liquid containing at least water into the engine while the engine is being operated, and an effluent trough for collecting the cleaning liquid from an exit end or underneath side of the engine. In a preferred embodiment, a source of the cleaning liquid and the effluent trough are located on a mobile unit. Further, a treatment system for treating the collected cleaning liquid is also located on a mobile unit.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method to remove purified vapor from a contaminated fluid including a modified heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprising an inlet wherein contaminated fluid flows in the heat exchanger through the inlet; at least two outlets wherein a first outlet exits purified vapor and a second outlet wherein contaminated fluid with a portion removed as purified vapor exits the apparatus; an energy source that causes the contaminated fluid to heat to a temperature wherein at least a portion of the contaminated fluid is converted to purified vapor; at least two different flow paths from at least one inlet to the first outlet and second outlet, the first and second flow paths flow through at least a portion of the apparatus wherein differences causes the lighter purified vapor to take a different path than the heavier contaminated with the purified vapor exiting the first outlet and the contaminated fluid exiting the second outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating steam within a heat exchanger. In one aspect, the invention can be a heat exchanger comprising: a shell having an inner surface forming a cavity, the shell comprising an inlet for introducing the shell-side liquid into the cavity and an outlet for allowing the vapor to exit the cavity; a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes for carrying a tube-side fluid located in the cavity and having a longitudinal axis; a shroud circumferentially surrounding the tube bundle and positioned between the tube bundle and the inner surface of the shell so that an annular space exists between the shroud and the inner surface; an opening in a bottom portion of the shroud that forms a passageway between the annular space and the tube bundle; and an opening in a top portion of the shroud that forms a passageway between the annular space and the tube bundle.

Abstract: A partitioned drum for a heat recovery steam generator comprising a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber has a chemical inlet for chemically treating a flow medium, at least one inlet for the flow medium and at least one outlet for the flow medium. The second chamber has one inlet for the flow medium and at least one outlet for the flow medium. The flow medium present in the first chamber is treated with a chemical to prevent flow assisted corrosion, while the flow medium present in the second chamber is available as a source of fluid for the boiler feed pump.

Abstract: A method for generating steam from a feedwater inlet stream including impurities is disclosed. The method involves receiving the feedwater inlet stream at an inlet of a steam generator and causing the feedwater stream to flow through a tubing circuit to an outlet of the tubing circuit, the tubing circuit having a substantially un-rifled bore defined by a metal wall. The method also involves delivering a heat flux to the feedwater stream through the metal wall of the tubing circuit to generate steam by causing evaporation of feedwater within the tubing circuit, and controlling at least one of a flow rate of the feedwater stream and the heat flux to cause generation of an outlet stream at the outlet includes a steam portion and liquid phase portion, the steam portion being greater than about 80% of the outlet stream by mass. The steam portion provides sufficient cooling of the metal wall to maintain a wall temperature at less than a threshold temperature.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a regenerative particle/vapor separator to thermally convert various liquids used to treat stored agricultural products into vapor by: 1) Entraining the liquid in a turbulent mist and then effectuating a change of the liquid into a vapor intermixed with the mist; and, 2) Separating the vapor out of the mist while retaining the remaining mist for subsequent conversion to vapor. Some liquids used to treat stored agricultural products undergo the further step of thermally decomposing into beneficial gaseous byproducts which are also separated out of the mist. The vapor and/or gaseous byproducts are then applied to a stored mass of agricultural products to variously sanitize, clean, and chemically and biologically alter them.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for generating a steam flow for a solar-thermal power plant, including a casing for receiving a casing-side fluid, pipes arranged within the casing for a pipe-side fluid, and a fluid inlet conduit which is connected to an inlet opening for the casing-side fluid and which encloses at least a part of the pipes in such a manner that the fluid inlet conduit is configured as a preheater and/or a flow director for the casing-side fluid entering the casing, wherein heat is transmitted via the pipes from the pipe-side fluid to the casing-side fluid. The casing-side fluid is water, and the pipe-side fluid is a thermal oil or salt.

Abstract: A steam generation device includes a water tank, a steam-water separating device including a sealing cover and a base assembly, a guiding valve, at least one heat generating tube, wherein said water tank has a water returning inlet while said base assembly has a water returning tube connected to said water returning inlet, wherein said base assembly has a flat bottom wall and an inclined bottom wall formed at a bottom side of said base assembly at a position near said water returning tube, wherein said steam-water separating device has an air outlet, wherein said water tank further has a water outlet connected to said guiding valve through passage IV, wherein said steam-water separating device and said passage IV are connected with each other. The present invention also provides a household steaming device which is safe, energy efficient and water efficient.

Abstract: A steam water separator includes:—a vessel having a vessel wall delimiting an interior of the vessel, where the vessel is configured to contain steam in a steam zone and water in a water zone in the interior of the vessel,—at least one inlet for introducing steam and/or water in the vessel,—at least one steam outlet for taking steam out of the vessel,—at least one water outlet for taking water out of the vessel, and a wetting device configured to wet in the steam zone an inner surface of the vessel wall.

Abstract: A method of controlling stress in a boiler pressure vessel comprises limiting the diameter of a drum (10) of the boiler pressure vessel and preheating at least a portion of the wall (12) of the drum (10). Limiting the diameter of the drum (10) allows pressure in the drum (10) to be increased for a given mechanical stress. Furthermore, preheating the wall (12) of the drum (10) reduces peak thermally induced stresses in a material from which the drum (10) is fabricated.

Abstract: An improved boiler that allows distillation of ethanol from a continuous flow of a hydrous feedstock compound, which may be beer or other semi-solid substance. The internal compartment of the boiler is separated into different zones by a plurality of primary baffle plates and secondary baffle plates. The hydrous feedstock compound is heated as it passes from one zone to another zone and ethanol inside the hydrous feedstock compound vaporizes. The ethanol rich vapor is channeled through a collector column and then collected for further processing. The temperature of the hydrous feedstock compound is slightly different from one zone to another zone because of ethanol concentration changes as the hydrous feedstock compound moves from one zone to another. At the last zone, where most of ethanol is removed, the remaining hydrous feedstock compound is removed from the boiler.

Abstract: A system for supplying water vapor in a process for treatment of a semiconductor wafer, comprising a treatment chamber having an interior for receiving at least one semiconductor wafer and a water vapor dispenser. The water vapor dispenser comprises i) a hot water source, ii) a water vapor separator, iii) a first conduit fluidly connecting the hot water source to the water vapor separator, iii) a fluid control valve in the first conduit controlling the flow of fluid between the hot water source and the water vapor separator, and iv) a second conduit fluidly connecting the water vapor separator to the treatment chamber for delivery of water vapor to the interior of the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A steam generator capable of preventing scale contained in air bubbles and water droplets generated in the course of boiling water by a heater from entering a steam ejection hole and a heating cooking apparatus having the steam generator is provided. The steam generator includes a steam container to store water and having at least one steam ejection hole formed at an upper location thereof, a heater adapted to heat the water stored in the steam container so as to generate steam, and a barrier unit provided below the steam ejection hole and adapted to prevent the air bubbles from entering the steam ejection hole. The barrier unit includes a base plate having a plurality of steam passage holes and a web plate coming into close contact with an inner wall surface of the steam container.

Abstract: A compact gas fired steam generator comprises a water tank with designated steam separation zone, boiling zone and a solids separation zone, a burner for burning gaseous fuel with air for producing combustion products and a flat tubular type heat exchanger immersed in water in the water tank. The combustion products are passing through the heat exchanger in an indirect heat transfer relationship with water in boiling zone thereby boiling, circulating and evaporating the water in boiling zone and in an indirect heat transfer relationship with cold make up water passing upwardly through solids separation zone thereby preheating cold make up water and cooling combustion products and recovering latent heat and condensing moisture present in combustion products. The cooled combustion products are discharged to outdoors and the collected condensed moisture is discharged to drain.

Abstract: A system for producing and maintaining high purity degassed layup water for use in a power plant system during a layup period is disclosed. The liquid degassing system includes a degassing assembly for removing a predetermined amount of the undesired gases under vacuum pressure from the layup solution such that the amount of desired gases within the layup solution remains at or below standard values.

Abstract: An evaporation product discharged from a lower end a falling-film evaporator enters a downpipe (7), makes a 180° turn at a bottom of the downpipe, and moves upward through an annular rising channel (9) defined between the downpipe and an intermediate housing (10). As the evaporation product moves along a spiral path (12) defined by the spiral fins, centrifugal forces urges water droplets and impurities to a radial outward periphery where they pass through openings (13) in the intermediate shell as pure steam continues through the spiral path and out a pure steam outlet (21). A cooling jacket (15) chills a peripheral wall of an outer shell (14) adjacent the holes such that the discharged water droplets condense on the outer shell and flow down a reject water return path to a reject water reservoir at the bottom of the outer shell.

Abstract: A separator separates water and steam. The separator has a steam-side outlet conduit, a water-side outlet conduit, and a separating chamber between a number of inlet conduits. A swirl breaker is upstream of the water-side outlet conduit. To achieve the lowest possible pressure loss with a simultaneously high medium throughput and an effective separating action, the length of the separating chamber is at least 5 times the internal diameter (DI) of the chamber. Furthermore, the ratio of the overall flow cross section of the inlet conduits to the square of the internal diameter of the separating chamber is between 0.2 and 0.3. Within a water/steam separating apparatus, the separator is connected to a water-collecting tank such that the top end of the latter is located beneath halfway along the length of the separator—calculated from the water-side, bottom end of the same.

Abstract: A compact gas fired steam generator comprises a steam separation chamber integrated with vertical fin tubes, a down comer tube and a tube header immersed in a thermally insulated firebox chamber provided with horizontally firing gas burners, a condensing heat exchanger for recovery of the waste heat from flue gases to preheat the feed water and the return condensate and a heat exchanger to recover waste heat from the blow down boiling water to the incoming feed water, all enclosed in a thermally insulated casing. The steam is produced in said vertical fin tubes by boiling and evaporating a recirculating boiling water by the heat transferred to the boiling water from hot combustion gases produced in said firebox chamber, with said produced steam being separated from the recirculating boiling water in said steam separation chamber.

Abstract: The flow distribution baffle (14) is placed inside the bundle wrapper (7) of the steam generator, at its lower part,-near the steam generator tube plate. Passing through the flow distribution baffle (14) are openings (17, 18) for the passage of tubes of the steam generator bundle and feedwater. The flow distribution baffle (14) comprises a central zone (15) of more or less circular shape with, as its axis, the axis of the steam generator and a radius (R1) smaller than 40% of the internal radius (R) of the bundle wrapper (7), and a more or less annular peripheral zone between the central zone and the outer edge of the flow distribution baffle (14). In the central zone (15) the openings (17) for the passage of tubes and feedwater in the flow distribution baffle have a cross section (S1), the cross-sectional area of which is greater than the cross-sectional area of the cross section (S2) of the openings (8) for the passage of tubes and feedwater in the peripheral zone.

Abstract: A steam separator achieves primary separation by directing the flow of a steam-water mixture against a baffle. The baffle redirects the flow so that the steam-water mixture is directed toward the surface of accumulated water ordinarily present in the separator. The liquid components of the steam-water mixture collect on the baffle and drip down into the accumulated water. The steam components pass around the edge of the baffle and escape upwardly. To improve the effectiveness of the separator, the edge of the baffle is extended below the water surface and openings or gables are formed in the baffle above the level of the water surface. The spaces between the gables provide a surface along which the separated liquid water component can flow undisturbed into the accumulated water, and the gables provide ports through which the steam component can escape from the baffle without reentraining significant amounts of the separated liquid water component.

Abstract: A vertical evaporator has an inner tube containing a heat exchanger for heating water and an outer tube which is coaxial with and surrounds the inner tube, forming a sealed system and leaving a peripheral space between the two tubes. The inner tube has bottom outlets through which steam and water droplets generated by heating water by the heat exchanger are ejected. A helical fin is attached to the outer surface of the inner tube for centrifugally separating steam and water droplets moving up inside the peripheral space as they are guided by the helical fin. The outer tube has a steam outlet at an elevated position for discharging pure steam separated from water droplets, as well as an indentation above the helical fin for collecting water droplets which are centrifugally separated from steam. A discharge pipe is provided, leading to the indentation for discharging water collected in the indentation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a boiler (1) wherein at least one steam generating circuit comprises an ejector (25) capable of providing induced circulation of water in the boiler in normal operating conditions. The corresponding water/steam separation reservoir (17) is arranged at any height with respect to the outlet collector (manifold) (15) of the evaporator device (11) of said circuit.

Abstract: Recirculation-type steam generator ensuring heat transfer between a fluid circulating in a primary circuit and a fluid circulating in a secondary circuit, constituted by a pressure envelope containing a vaporization enclosure having a roof and covering a bundle of tubes traversed by the primary fluid. The generator receives the secondary fluid which circulates in the vaporization enclosure. The steam produced by the secondary fluid is extracted during this circulation and is dried by cyclone separators constituted by cyclones fixed to first ends of tubular columns whose ends are fixed to the vaporization enclosure roof communicating with the vaporization enclosure. The cyclone separators are detachably fixed to the vaporization enclosure roof.

Abstract: A disinfectant vaporizing apparatus for dropwise flowing a disinfectant liquid on a heating unit so as to provide a uniform disinfection gas on a surface of a material to be sterilized, characterized in that at least one supply port for supplying heated carrier gas at a high temperature is provided in a vaporization chamber for the disinfectant liquid. A vaporization part is provided with a plurality of cavities on an upper surface thereof and at least one dropping nozzle is provided above each cavity, wherein the disinfection gas carried by the heated carrier gas is applied on a surface of a material to be sterilized through a droplet splash removing apparatus. The droplet splash removing apparatus has a series of vertically, spaced-apart shield plates with staggered holes therein through which the vaporized disinfectant and carrier gas pass and entrained droplets of disinfectant liquid are removed.

Abstract: A steam processing apparatus and method in which a plurality of separators are disposed along the length of a cylindrical drum having inlet means for receiving a mixture of liquid and vapor and outlet means for discharging the separated liquid and vapor. The mixture is discharged against a baffle after which the separated liquid is passed to the drum liquid outlet and the separated vapor is passed upwardly by natural buoyant forces to the drum vapor outlet. The separators are disposed in a plurality of rows--two to each side of the axis of the drum along the length thereof.

Abstract: A superheater bundle for a horizontal steam separator-superheater, the bundle comprising an array of parallel tubes disposed in a triangular pitch inside a frame (3, 4) which is polygonal in shape and symmetrical about its plane of symmetry, with the bottom of the frame delimiting an inlet orifice for steam to be superheatd and with the top of the frame delimiting an outlet orifice for superheated steam. At least two of the sloping sides (11, 13, 15, 15, 17; 12, 14, 16, 18) of th polygon-shaped frame (3, 4) are parallel to the sloping segments formed by the pitch of the tubes.

Abstract: The wet steam flow distribution section (20) of the moisture separator reheater (10) includes a multiplicity of side-by-side spaced-apart channel bars (52,54,56) extending transversely to the direction of steam flow from the distribution section to the moisture separator section (24). The bars are preferably substantially U-shaped in section, whereby the two leg portions (60,62) of each bar may be angled and slightly spaced apart from confronting leg portions of adjacent bars, thereby defining respective diffuser nozzles (64). Each nozzle has a discharge end cross-section elongated in the direction parallel to the bars, for directing wet steam toward the separator section. The spacing (Y) and other design variables associated with the bars, permit optimization and uniformity of flow over the full axial extent of the moisture separator reheater unit with minimum pressure drop across the steam distribution apparatus.

Abstract: A water-cleansing tank for steam generators is disclosed. It consists of a bottom, a side wall and a roof. It has a conduit which encompasses the lower end of a drain (20) collecting the water to be cleansed. Side holes provide for a calm flow inside the cleansing tank and for the depositing, by gravity, of the polluting particles. The overall arrangement is simple and efficient. The invention can be applied to nuclear power plants.

Abstract: A trough is formed above the moisture separators in a moisture separator reheater for a power plant and drain conduits are connected to the trough to direct moisture collected in the trough to the bottom of the shell where it joins other collected moisture and is drained from the lower portion of the shell via drain nozzles disposed therein preventing droplets from forming above the separator and dripping down into the flow path of motive steam, becoming reentrained, and resulting in erosion of the separators.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying and superheating steam, especially for supplying steam to a turbine. The apparatus includes a horizontal cylindrical pressure tank that has at least one steam inlet, a water separator that is disposed in the lower portion of the pressure tank and extends essentially over the entire length of the tank, a superheater that is disposed in the upper portion of the pressure tank and extends essentially over the entire length of the tank, and at least one steam outlet disposed on the upper side of the tank and connected to the superheater. The steam inlet is disposed at one end face of the pressure tank. Drying steam leaves the water separator, one end of which is supplied with wet steam, and enters the pressure tank.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying wet steam and subsequently superheating the dried steam. The apparatus includes a cylindrical tank, a separator that is disposed in the tank for receiving wet steam and removing water therefrom, and a superheater disposed in the tank for receiving dry steam from the separator. The superheater is provided with a plurality of tube bundles, some of which are part of first superheater stage, and the rest are part of a second superheater stage. The tube bundles form a channel in the center of the tank. Outwardly disposed deflectors are disposed in, and extend in the longitudinal direction of, the tank. These deflectors are associated with the tube bundles in such a way that dry steam from the separator flows, from the outside, inwardly through the tube bundles of the first superheater stage, and into the central channel, and from there, from the inside, outwardly through the tube bundles of the second superheater stage.

Abstract: This steam separator superheater comprises a horizontal axis cylindrical shell (1) enclosing in its lower portion a steam and moisture separator and in its upper portion a two-stage steam superheater resting on running paths supported half way up the shell by a frame (5). Each stage of the steam superheater is constituted by two bundles of hair-pin bent tubes (15, 16 and 17, 18) supplied with superheat steam from steam chests (43, 44, 45, 46). The upper stage rests on the lower stage. Both stages are inserted into the shell via sleeves (47, 48) outside the shell and extending loading openings made through an end plate (2) of the shell. The upper stage is lifted into position by lifting gear outside the shell (1) acting by means of lifting lines passing through passages (49) in the shell. The passages are closed by caps (51) when the separator superheater is in use.

Abstract: A heat exchanger device for drying and then superheating steam, has a cylindrical casing about a horizontal axis. The casing contains:(a) a bottom admission chamber for wet steam;(b) intermediate separator members (7, 8, 9, 10, 21) for removing water from the wet steam;(c) a top bundle of superheater tubes (11); and(d) wet steam flow channels (15, 17) located on either side of the bundles of superheater tubes. These channels are separated from the admission chamber by a partition (19) extending from one only of the sides of the superheaters in such a manner as to ensure that the wet steam rises in the vicinity of the inside surface of the casing round one side only of the superheaters and then descends round the other side towards the inlet to the separator members (21).

Abstract: Apparatus for degassing a liquid fluid, the apparatus being installed inside an envelope (1) which contains a supply (20) of said degassed fluid in the liquid state in the bottom thereof and in equilibrium with its saturated vapor, the apparatus comprising perforated trays (2, 3, 4) situated above the level of the supply and fed with liquid fluid to be degassed, said trays dispersing the liquid and feeding a tank (7) which includes at least one pipe (8) extending therealong in the vicinity of one of its walls (12) and supplied with vapor of said fluid at a pressure P1 which is greater than the pressure P within said envelope, said pipe including a perforated zone (14) running along its entire length inside the tank and on its side adjacent to said wall, said perforated zone serving to fill the bottom portion of the pipe cross-section with liquid from the tank allowing the vapor to escape from said pipe, the apparatus including the improvement whereby said tank is closed (18) betweeen said wall and said pipe,

Abstract: A tank containing a water separator composed of bundles of laminations for drying wet vapor, and a superheater for subsequent superheating of the dried vapor. The water separator is coaxially disposed ahead of the superheater in the horizontal-cylindrical tank, which has at least one vapor inlet and one vapor outlet. The superheater includes tube bundles which are uniformly disposed about the central axis of the tank, and can vary in number and type of construction. In the direction of the central axis of the tank, the water separator has the shape of a truncated pyramid or cone. The vapor discharge surfaces of the bundles of laminations, within the water separator, are disposed symmetrically, vertically, and in tiers relative to the central axis of the tank, and are disposed at an angle of between 10.degree. and 170.degree. thereto.

Abstract: Apparatus for superheating steam. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the apparatus is provided with two banks of inclined tubes extending upwardly from an outlet header to respective inlet headers. The banks of tubes are disposed in the flow path of main steam through the apparatus and provide a flow of vapor for adding superheat to the main steam. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the tubes extend upwardly to closed ends whereby a lower header acts as both a vapor inlet and condensate outlet. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the vapor is provided by a fossil fuel-fired vapor generator to superheat main steam which has been provided by a nuclear steam generator.

Abstract: A moisture separator is provided which incorporates two perforated plates assembled in association with a plurality of nipples. The nipples extend through a plurality of holes in a first of the two perforated plates. Each nipple is provided with one end which has an upset portion to prevent its complete passage through the holes of the first perforated plate. A second perforated plate is assembled with the first perforated plate in such a way so as to prevent the reverse passage of the nipples in a direction opposite that of assembly. The first and second perforated plates can be rigidly fastened together by bolting, riveting or welding. In a moisture separator made in accordance with the present invention, the individual nipples do not require welding, rolling or hydraulic expansion during the assembly process and do not have to be rigidly attached to either of the two perforated plates. The cooperation of the two plates holds the nipples in position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low boiling point medium evaporator which generates low boiling point medium vapor in the mixture of two components with different boiling points by heating at the risers and mixes said heated two component mixture and said low boiling point medium liquid supplied from the outside of the system and has at least one device provided at the outlet portion of said risers and used both as a heat exchanger to generate saturated vapor of said low boiling point medium vapor by mixing said low boiling point medium liquid and the two phase flow comprised said low boiling point medium vapor and said mixture and passing said two phase flow through said low boiling point medium vapor and as a cyclone to separate said saturated vapor and said mixture.

Abstract: A modular drying unit for a steam generator, having identical dryer elements arranged partly as a polygonal crown within the envelope of the generator and partly as a star within that crown. The dryers constitute in trios triangular cells the inner space of which is divided by a partition permitting isolation of the dryers with respect to one another, as well as guidance of the steam at the intake and outlet ends of the dryers. This type of unit is particularly suitable for generators with natural circulation, notably for a nuclear reactor.

Abstract: A distributor for supply of fluid to be vaporized, for example water, to a steam generator is formed by means of plates shaped and assembled by boiler-work operations. The bottom is constituted by a metal sheet bent into a U-shape to which are welded a plate pierced with orifices and a V-shaped plate of which an arm is prolonged by a gutter extending beyond the orifices and serving to guide the flow of water. This type of distributor is particularly useful in steam generators of nuclear power plants.

Abstract: Apparatus for the separaton of the liquid and vapor phases of a fluid incorporating an open ended cylinder in which are arranged blades. Each blade is in the form of a curvilinear triangular surface, whereof a first side contiguous with the cylindrical wall of the cylinder defines a helix whose axis coincides with the cylinder axis, an apex opposite to said first side is arranged substantially at the axis and the remaining sides define a leading edge substantially perpendicular to the cylinder axis and a trailing edge inclined with respect to said axis. A number of blades are joined together at their apices to define the blade arrangement within the cylinder.The invention also relates to a steam generator having an outer casing, a first circuit in which circulates a hotprimary fluid and a second circuit in which circulates a secondary fluid, whereby the latter incorporates at least one group of two separation apparatuses connected in series.

Abstract: A steam-generator, particularly to be used in nuclear power stations, with easily detachable parts, especially for the substitution of the tube bundle or a part thereof, comprises five separate portions fastened one to another by means of connections or merely abutting with intermediate sealings. In a substantially cylindrical vessel or housing, defined at the lower end by a distributor chest and at the upper end by a top cover, there are disposed, respectively from the bottom upwards: a heat-exchanger with a bundle of tubes on a common tubeplate, a steam-separator, and a drier unit, which are so supported within the vessel to be readily separable from one another and the vessel by relative vertical displacement therebetween with no interference with the inner wall of the vessel itself. In two alternative embodiments, the distributor chest, i.e. the manifold of the heat-carrier primary medium, is integral either to the heat-exchanger or to the housing.

Abstract: A moisture separator reheater combination includes specially located perforated baffles which function to reduce components of steam fluid velocity flow which are substantially parallel to the cylindrical axis of the moisture separator vessel. These baffles counteract the effects of transverse vortices which produce local pressure variations and adversely affect the efficiency of the moisture separator elements. The use of the baffles of the present invention improves the uniformity of steam flow through the moisture separator elements.

Abstract: A method of operating a vapor generating system, including a once-through vapor generator, wherein wet vapor is generated in the upper portion of the load range and superheated vapor is generated in the lower portion of the load range is disclosed. Generated vapor is passed through an external and remote moisture separator. Superheated vapor is desuperheated by liquid injection as it passes from the vapor generator to the moisture separator.

Abstract: A bubble rake for removing the remaining steam from liquid water that is returning to heat-exchange surfaces after an initial separation from steam. The bubble rake is a channel-forming member having a cross section generally in the shape of an upside-down U. The bubble rake is disposed in a fluid-flow path so that the channel opens down and in the direction of the path. A stall zone formed by a rake traps steam in the channel, and the channel is positioned longitudinally at an angle with the horizontal so that the trapped steam migrates to its high end, where an opening allows the trapped steam to join the steam previously separated from the water.