Abstract: The carbon-free fire tube boiler is a boiler for heating water by combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with oxygen. The boiler includes a housing defining first and second heat transfer stages. At least one oxygen transport reactor is received within the first heat transfer stage. The oxygen transport reactor includes an outer wall and an inner cylindrical ion transport membrane. The membrane receives pressurized air and separates gaseous oxygen therefrom, transporting the oxygen into an annular region between the membrane and the outer wall. The gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is delivered into the annular region for combustion, producing gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor. A water reservoir is defined within the first and second stages, with the at least one oxygen transport reactor and at least one transfer tube passing therethrough. The carbon dioxide and the water vapor are delivered through the at least one transfer tube for heating water contained therein.

Abstract: Retrofitted boiler 10 includes a coupling flange 60 and a door 68 mounted in a boiler chamber 14. A high efficiency burner 80 is coupled in the door 68. Door panels 82 are provided to cover door openings 72. This allows access to the inside of the boiler 10 and provides maximum efficiency. The boiler retrofitting method requires removal of doors 18 and 34. A gas manifold 40 is modified and insulated with insulation 54. A coupling flange 60 is positioned in the boiler 10 and door 68 is coupled thereto. A high efficiency burner 80 is coupled in a boiler door opening 74 adjacent the modified gas manifold 48. Door panels 82 are then coupled to the door 68 to cover openings 72. With the boiler 10 retrofitted with a single door 68, a much more efficient boiler is provided.

Abstract: A boiler for cooling waste gases has side walls including a pair of opposite side walls defining a passage through which the waste gases flow, cooling-tube sections in the passage against the walls, and at least one tubular tie rod having outer ends anchored in the opposite side walls and extending transversely through the passage, A coolant is pumped through the cooling-tube sections and through the tubular tie rod. The tie rod extends straight through the passage and is braced at its ends under tension against the opposite side walls.

Abstract: The carbon-free fire tube boiler is a boiler for heating water by combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with oxygen. The boiler includes a housing defining first and second heat transfer stages. At least one oxygen transport reactor is received within the first heat transfer stage. The oxygen transport reactor includes an outer wall and an inner cylindrical ion transport membrane. The membrane receives pressurized air and separates gaseous oxygen therefrom, transporting the oxygen into an annular region between the membrane and the outer wall. The gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is delivered into the annular region for combustion, producing gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor. A water reservoir is defined within the first and second stages, with the at least one oxygen transport reactor and at least one transfer tube passing therethrough. The carbon dioxide and the water vapor are delivered through the at least one transfer tube for heating water contained therein.

Abstract: A heat tube assembly includes a tank mounting flange, a first heat tube and a second heat tube. The U configuration first heat tube has a first end and a second end. The first end and the second end are mounted in spaced relation to the mounting flange. A mounting for an open flame burner is provided at the first end of the first heat tube. A first exhaust is provided at the second end of the first heat tube. The U configuration second heat tube has a first end and a second end. The first end and the second end are mounted in spaced relation to the mounting flange. A coupling is provided for connecting a conduit from an engine exhaust to the first end of the second heat tube. A second exhaust is provided at the second end of the second heat tube.

Abstract: A liquid to gas converter to convert liquids (1) to gas (2) that can include a liquid pressurization element (3), a liquid preheating element (5), and a nozzle (10) to disperse liquids into energy (7) generated by an energy source (8). The gas to liquid converter can be located inside an enclosure (17) and substances dissolved in the liquid can accumulate as solids (13) on deposition surface (12) of the enclosure as the liquid (1) converts to gas Cis (2). Condensation of a portion of the gas (2) generated can be combined with the solids (13) for continuous removal of such solids (13) from the enclosure (17). A gas expansion compensator can generate a pressure gradient (24) to move the volume of gas generated from the liquid from the enclosure (17).

Abstract: This invention concerns a boiler fitted with a burner suitable for wall heaters or built-in kitchen heaters in which a mantle-shaped heat exchanger made of pipe elements connected in parallel and/or series divides the boiler chamber into a combustion chamber and an exhaust chamber. The heat exchanger has openings for hot flue gases distributed over its mantle. The burner head disposed in the combustion chamber is suitable for burning oil and has a flame tube with an axial flame opening and a flame baffle element disposed at a distance from the flame opening which is constructed so that the flame is diverted into the space between the flame tube and the heat exchanger. In addition, a fire chamber mantle can be disposed between the heat exchanger and the flame tube to protect the heat exchanger from direct contact with the flame.

Abstract: A fire tube boiler having a combustion chamber equipped with a burner, and a group of fire tubes provided adjacent to the combustion chamber. The fire tube boiler further includes a heat exchanger disposed in the combustion chamber and serving for heat exchange with combustion flame from the burner. The combustion chamber is divided into a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber by the disposition of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the heat exchanger is disposed in proximity to the burner so that the combustion flame in the first chamber is less than 1500.degree. C. and the combustion flame in the second chamber is between 1100.degree. and 1400.degree. C. Thus, the fire tube boiler allows further reduction in harmful exhausts such as NOx and CO.

Abstract: Apparatus for bulk curing tobacco comprising a barn having a heat exchanger therein defining interior flow paths for heated water and exterior heat exchange surfaces disposed within the curing air flow path within the barn, hot water storage tank unit, a power operated pump for circulating hot water between the hot water storage tank unit and the heat exchanger, a hot water heating unit and a power driven pump for continuously circulating water between the hot water heating unit and the hot water storage unit.