Abstract: A powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR). The PAPR comprises an air pump comprising an electric motor, an eccentric venturi communicatively coupled to an air channel of the air pump, wherein the eccentric venturi comprises a first sensor port and a second sensor port, a differential air pressure sensor mechanically coupled to the first sensor port and the second sensor port, and a controller that is communicatively coupled to an electrical output of the differential air pressure sensor and to the electric motor, wherein the controller is configured to control the speed of the electric motor to maintain a predefined rate of flow of purified air based on the electrical output of the differential air pressure sensor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a vehicle that includes an engine that may be automatically stopped and started are described. In one example, an amount of time to start an engine and a rate of engine acceleration are adjusted in response to what type of event triggered an automatic engine start.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented. An active flow control system comprises a flow control valve, a manifold, and a temperature control system. The flow control valve is configured to control a flow of air into the manifold. The manifold is operatively connected to a number of actuators. The temperature control system is configured to heat at least a portion of the flow of air.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied petroleum fuel system for internal combustion engines that improves fuel economy by mixing vaporized liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and ambient air at substantially equal random kinetic energies. The system maintains a certain vapor pressure in the LPG tank and delivers the LPG in a gaseous phase to an LPG burning device at a set pressure and temperature. The cycle repeats as necessary to maintain the desired pressure in the tank.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to suppress the occurrence of pre-ignition by appropriately controlling a wall surface temperature of a combustion chamber based on a target temperature region in which the frequency with which pre-ignition occurs is reflected, without causing pre-ignition to actually occur. An ECU 50 acquires a wall surface temperature of a combustion chamber 14 or an engine water temperature or the like that correlates therewith as a wall temperature parameter. The ECU 50 is equipped with data for a pre-ignition suppression temperature region that is a region in which the pre-ignition occurrence frequency is smallest among temperature regions of the wall temperature parameter. In a pre-ignition susceptibility operating region A, the wall temperature parameter is controlled so as to fall within the pre-ignition suppression temperature region by operating a cooling water amount varying mechanism 38.

Abstract: System, method, and apparatus for controlling performance of an engine in response to a set of outputs from a device to an engine control unit. The engine control unit receives profile parameters that are related to outputs of the device. The engine control unit receives a first signal from a device, engages a high idle functionality in response to a first value of the first signal, and engages a high performance functionality in response to a second value of the first signal.

Abstract: An actuation mechanism used in, for example, a missile assembly is disclosed, as are methods of its use. The actuation mechanism is locked in a first orientation and is unlocked in a second orientation. Locking and unlocking of the actuation mechanism is achieved by way of a locking mechanism that responds to a certain stimulus. In some embodiments, the actuation mechanism is incorporated into a sub-assembly of a missile to assist in controlling the missile's flight.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling a vehicle fuel pump at a fuel shut-off event based at least in part on whether combustion stability issues, or potential stall conditions, are indicated in a drive cycle prior to the fuel shut-off event. In one example, a method may include maintaining power to the fuel pump responsive to the potential stall condition being indicated, and independent of an indicated pressure in a fuel rail configured to receive pressurized fuel from the fuel pump, and where the fuel shut-off event includes a deceleration fuel shut-off event or an idle stop event. In this way, fuel may be kept flowing across the fuel pump during fuel shut-off events, responsive to indications of combustion stability issues, such that fuel pump cavitation and other engine and fuel pump-related complications may be avoided.

Abstract: An actuation mechanism used in, for example, a missile assembly is disclosed, as are methods of its use. The actuation mechanism is locked in a first orientation and is unlocked in a second orientation. Locking and unlocking of the actuation mechanism is achieved by way of a locking mechanism that responds to a certain stimulus. In some embodiments, the actuation mechanism is incorporated into a sub-assembly of a missile to assist in controlling the missile's flight.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuator (4) for controlling a horizontal stabilizer (3) of an aircraft, including: a primary channel including a screw (6) and a primary nut (7), the primary nut (7) being suitable for engaging with the screw (6), such that a rotation of the screw (6) relative to the primary nut (7) about a rotation axis (X) causes the primary nut (7) to translate relative to the screw (6) along the axis (X), such as to move the horizontal stabilizer (3); a secondary channel including a secondary part (25, 28), and a housing (23, 26), the secondary part (25, 28) being mounted in the housing (23, 26) with play between the secondary part and the housing, in which the secondary channel also includes a play take-up device (27), configured to, in the event of a breakdown of the primary channel causing the secondary part (25, 28) to move relative to the housing, eliminate the play between the secondary part (25, 28) and the housing (23, 26) such as to keep the secondary part (25, 28) in contact with the

Abstract: An engine has an engine body, an injector, and a control section which controls a fuel injection amount and an injection state of the injector. The control section predicts a state of temperature in the combustion chamber, and controls the injector such that a volume of an air-fuel mixture layer formed in the combustion chamber is larger when the predicted temperature is high, than when the predicted temperature is low, even when same fuel amounts are injected.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for controlling the fuel supply to an internal combustion engine at start-up, the engine having a fuel supply system. The invention also concerns a carburetor having a fuel supply system including a main fuel path connecting a diaphragm controlled regulating chamber to a main outlet in the region of the venturi section, the main fuel path including an actively controlled fuel valve, and an idling fuel path branching off from the main fuel path downstream of the valve and ending in at least one idling outlet in the region of a throttle valve, the fuel supply system further including a start fuel line starting upstream or downstream of the fuel valve and ending in at least one start fuel outlet to the intake channel.

Abstract: A fuel supply device (1) has a valve (13) in a fuel passage between a fuel pump (3) and an engine (5). In a storage portion of an ECU (18-21) is stored a relationship between a fuel pressure and a flow rate, which are required by the engine, and voltage which is supplied to a motor (7). The ECU senses voltages V26, V27, V28 supplied to the motor from a controller (22) when the valve is opened from change points C1?, C2?, C3? at which a characteristic between the voltage and the current which are supplied to the motor (7) is changed. Then, the ECU corrects the voltage stored in the storage portion on the basis of differences between voltages V1, V2, V5 stored in the storage portion at the change points C1, C2, C3 and the voltages V26, V27, V28 when the valve is opened. In this way, the fuel supply device can correctly control the motor in correspondence to the fuel pressure and the flow rate which are required by the engine.

Abstract: An engine-driven working machine including a controller by which a time period until the rotation speed limitation mode is canceled can be shortened. After a throttle valve is moved to a fully-closed position by an operation to allow the engine to finish the fast idling state and while the engine is transited to an idling state, the controller cancels the rotation speed limitation mode by detecting an event in which a cycle period of rotation speed variations of the engine is longer than a cycle period of rotation speed variation in the fast idling state.

Abstract: An ECU sets a leakage flow rate flowing through a radiator circulation passage in a closed state of a thermostat valve, calculates an estimated temperature of coolant water in the radiator circulation passage based on a set leakage flow rate and a detected water temperature of an engine-side coolant water temperature sensor, and performs a failure diagnosis for the thermostat valve based on a difference between the calculated estimated temperature and the detected water temperature of the radiator-side coolant water temperature sensor. The leakage flow rate during operation of the electric pump is set to be a larger value as compared to the leakage flow rate during stopping of the pump. As a result, a diagnostic can be prevented by improving an accuracy of failure detection for the thermostat valve.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vehicle control apparatus which can execute a start-up control for improving acceleration performance at the time of starting an internal combustion engine during the running of a hybrid vehicle. When a hybrid ECU determines that a predetermined time has not yet elapsed after termination of the start-up control of the engine, and that the hybrid vehicle is in a high speed, high load condition, but not in a warming-up state, the hybrid ECU sets a value Nupest2 larger than a value Nupest1, that is usually set as a maximum value Krmx of a rise rate of an engine rotational speed.

Abstract: A method is provided which mitigates the noise of a direct injection system in a port fuel injection and direct fuel injection (PFI-DI) engine and reduces NVH hardware. During a cold-start, the engine idle speed may be increased to mitigate the direct injection noise and during a warm idle, the engine cooling fan may be turned on during a direct injector cleanout cycle to mitigate the direct injection noise. This allows the PFI-DI engine to be run more efficiently without concern of the noise produced by the direct injectors and high pressure pump of the direct injection system.

Abstract: An engine system and method for improving engine starting are disclosed. In one example, engine port throttles are adjusted to improve fuel vaporization of a fuel that includes alcohol. The system and method may improve engine starting and emissions.

Abstract: A gasoline engine includes an electric heater, which is embedded in a port-type fuel injection valve and heats the fuel in the fuel injection valve. An electronic control device heats the fuel by means of the electric heater when the engine is cold. When the fuel is not heated by the electric heater, the electronic control device controls the fuel injection valve such that the engine rotational speed NE is a second prescribed value N2 which is higher than the idle rotational speed when the engine is warm. When idle running is performed when the engine is cold and the fuel injected from the fuel injection valve is heated by the electric heater, the amount Q of fuel injected by the fuel injection valve is controlled such that the engine rotational speed NE is less than the second prescribed value N2.

Abstract: A purification arrangement for purifying a contaminated gaseous medium comprising: an ionizing equipment for ionizing air; a supply pipe for the supply of contaminated air; and at least one mixing chamber, wherein the contaminated air is fed through the mixing chamber in a main flow and ionized air is added to the main flow; an inlet for introducing ambient air into the main flow of the contaminated gaseous medium prior to the mixing chamber; a first temperature sensor arranged in the supply pipe prior to the inlet and configured to detect the temperature of the contaminated gaseous medium; wherein if the temperature of the contaminated gaseous medium detected by the first temperature sensor is above 70° C., ambient air is added through the inlet into the main flow.

Abstract: A fuel heating device may improve cold start performance and solve a number of problems of conventional auxiliary tank and heating systems of a flex fuel vehicle (FFV). The fuel heating device may include a heater having embedded therein a heat emission object for heating fuel, a solenoid valve connected the heater such that a flow path to a first outlet is opened or closed to selectively supply fuel, a temperature sensor installed in the heater, and a controller for turning on and off the heater and opening and closing the solenoid valve according to a temperature of the fuel, in which the outlet of the heater is connected with a cold start injector through a cold start line and an inlet of the solenoid valve is connected with a fuel line connected from the fuel tank.

Abstract: An auto ignition mitigation system comprises a piston position module that determines a position of a piston within a cylinder and a temperature module that determines a first temperature of air within the cylinder. A fuel enrichment module communicates with the piston position module and the temperature module and determines a first fuel quantity based on the first temperature and the position of the piston. A fuel control module communicates with the fuel enrichment module and provides the first fuel quantity to the cylinder after the engine is started and before a first exhaust stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A fuel supply system of a vehicle, may include a fuel tank storing ethanol therein, a main injector installed at an engine to inject the ethanol from the fuel tank, a heater provided to heat the ethanol supplied from the fuel tank to the engine, a cold-starting injector installed at the engine to inject the ethanol heated by the heater, and a valve unit connected to the main injector and the cold-starting injector and performing a switching operation between a state of the ethanol being supplied from the fuel tank to the main injector and a state of the ethanol heated by the heater being supplied to the cold-starting injector.

Abstract: A method for operating an engine of a motor vehicle is provided. The method comprises operating at least one turbocharger, operating a start/stop automatic system which automatically switches off the internal combustion engine when a stop condition is met, and automatically starts the internal combustion engine when a starting condition is met, and when the stop condition is met, delaying the automatic switching off of the internal combustion engine by a predefinable delay time (?t). In one example, automatic shut off of the engine may be delayed in order ensure adequate cooling of the turbocharger.

Abstract: The present invention provides an engine start system in a vehicle. The engine start system includes an engine and a charge system. The vehicle also includes an engine speed sensor for measuring a speed of the engine. The charge system is coupled to the engine and includes a charge pump. The vehicle further includes a control unit and a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of fluid in the charge system. The temperature sensor is electrically coupled to the control unit. A bypass system is fluidly coupled to the charge system and includes a valve and a solenoid. The solenoid is electrically coupled to the control unit such that the control unit energizes the solenoid to control the valve in response to the speed measured by the speed sensor and the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: An engine including an automatic choke that includes a choke valve movable between a fully closed position and a fully open position, a temperature sensor coupled to the engine and operable to provide a temperature signal indicative of a temperature of the engine, and a motor connected to the choke valve and operable to move the choke valve in response to a motor control signal. A controller is electrically connected to the motor and to the temperature sensor. The controller includes an electronic circuit having a memory. A table includes engine specific choke position data stored in memory, wherein the controller determines a choke initial position based on the temperature of the engine and the choke position data, and wherein the motor moves the choke valve toward that position in response to an attempt to start the engine.

Abstract: A control apparatus and control method is provided for an internal combustion engine that includes a vaporized fuel tank in which vaporized fuel is stored, and a normally-closed vaporized fuel supply valve that opens and closes a connecting portion between the vaporized fuel tank and a surge tank. This apparatus and method produce vaporized fuel by injecting fuel into the tank while the vaporized fuel supply valve is closed while the engine is operating, then open the vaporized fuel supply valve at engine startup and supply the vaporized fuel stored in the tank to the surge tank. If there is no vaporized fuel remaining in the vaporized fuel tank when the engine stops, vacuum is generated in the vaporized fuel tank by temporarily opening the vaporized fuel supply valve before the engine stops. Vaporized fuel is then produced by injecting fuel into the vaporized fuel tank in this vacuum state.

Abstract: A method and a device are for the optimized starting of an internal combustion engine using a starter, which is connected to a capacitor store, the capacitor store being connected via a DC/DC converter to a vehicle electrical system of a vehicle, and the vehicle electrical system including an energy store for supplying electrical energy having a nominal voltage, and the starter consuming a starting energy for starting the internal combustion engine, which is a function of a temperature of the internal combustion engine, the temperature of the internal combustion engine being measured by at least one temperature sensor and the capacitor store being charged to a setpoint voltage with the aid of a battery via another DC/DC converter, which connects the battery in parallel to the capacitor store parallel to a switch, the setpoint voltage being set by a control unit such that the electrical energy stored in the capacitor store charged to the setpoint voltage is greater than the starting energy ascertained on the b

Abstract: A control apparatus (100) controls the operating condition of an engine (200) comprising a valve operating apparatus (10) capable of changing valve operating characteristics of an intake valve (203) and an exhaust valve (204). This is provided with: an intake valve control device (110) for controlling the valve operating apparatus (10) to set the intake valve (203) continuously open, during a cranking operation of the engine (10); and an exhaust control device (120) for controlling the valve operating apparatus (10) to set the exhaust valve (204) continuously close, during the cranking operation.

Abstract: A combustion engine includes a carburetor, which is a fuel supply device for introducing fuel into an intake air of the engine, and a fan housing for enclosing a cooling fan mounted on a front end portion of a crankshaft. The fan housing is formed with a flange so as to extend towards a position proximate to the carburetor, and a manually operable priming pump is fitted to the flange.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine includes a reformer, and a heating unit composed of a power source connected to a reforming catalyst composed by carrying a catalyst on a metal foil, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode of the reforming catalyst. The reformer includes the reforming catalyst, and reforms a reforming mixture of reforming fuel and reforming air by the reforming catalyst to generate reformed gas containing hydrogen. This reformed gas is supplied to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Before the reforming mixture is supplied to the reforming catalyst, a temperature of the reforming catalyst is raised to a predetermined preheating temperature higher than an adiabatic reaction temperature in partial oxidation reaction, and then the internal combustion engine is started.

Abstract: A diagnostic cold start emissions control system for an internal combustion engine includes a control module having a calculated engine-out energy module, an engine-out energy residual module, and a diagnostic system evaluation module. The calculated engine-out energy module is in communication with the engine-out energy residual module and is configured to determine an operating engine-out energy flow based on an operating engine torque. The engine-out energy residual module is in communication with the diagnostic system evaluation module and is configured to determine an engine-out energy residual based on the determined engine-out energy flow and an expected engine-out energy flow. The diagnostic system evaluation module is configured to determine whether the determined engine-out energy residual meets a predetermined value indicative of proper cold start emissions control.

Abstract: An electrically-operated automatic choke system of a carburetor includes a choke valve connected to a choke valve closure spring that urges the choke valve in a direction to close it. A wax-type temperature sensitive actuating device is coupled to the carburetor to receive heat generated by an engine. A piston member of the device faces a pivoting member coupled to the choke valve and makes contact with, or moves away from, the pivoting member on a pivoting path to the closed side of the choke valve. While the engine has stopped running, closure of the choke valve by the choke valve closure spring is restricted according to the amount the piston member protrudes.

Abstract: If it is determined that the present engine startup is a high-temperature startup, immediately fuel injection in concert with start of cranking is prohibited. After a delay time elapses following the start of cranking, or when THC<THCh is satisfied, fuel injection is started. Therefore, the cranking during the delay time cools interior of the combustion chambers. Since fuel injection starts after the cooling, pre-ignition can be prevented.

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug for self-igniting internal combustion engines has an electrical heating element which projects into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and a current feed-through for providing a heating current for the heating element through an opening in the combustion chamber. A switch is positioned in the region of the current feed-through, and the heating current may be controlled by the opening and closing of the switch.

Abstract: A control method for an internal-combustion engine, working with a variable stopping delay. The stopping delay is essentially affected by the following parameters: the operational mode selected for the internal-combustion engine, the previous driving mode based on a driver-type classification, the past speed profile, the navigational data of GPS-systems, traffic guiding systems and digital street maps, and the actual braking pressure.

Abstract: An engine shutdown system is provided that includes an engine control module (ECM) (12) having sensors (20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 34, 36) that can activate an engine shutdown sequence. A set of redundant sensors (20?, 22?, 24?, 26?, 28?, 30?, 32?, 34?, 36?) and a redundant engine control module (RECM) (14) can also activate an engine shutdown sequence independent of the ECM. Engine operating parameters are monitored by sensors to determine if one of the engine parameters deviates from an acceptable level. If the engine control determines that a parameter has exceeded a predetermined level, an engine shutdown signal may be generated by either the ECM or RECM that may cut off the fuel supply, interrupt an ignition circuit, or activate external engine shutdown devices and may also activate alarm and message panels. A redundant engine shutdown system is also provided to disable the primary engine control unit.

Abstract: An engine starting fuel enriching system provides a valve that is located downstream of an air feed conduit that is connected in fluid communication with a first fuel conduit. The fuel conduit is connected between a fuel reservoir and the valve. When the valve is in a closed position, both fuel and air are inhibited from flowing in a direction from the fuel reservoir and the air feed conduit toward the air intake manifold of the engine. A heater circuit is used to activate a valve actuator as a function of the temperature of the engine.

Abstract: A method and a device for automatically starting an internal combustion engine having a brake pressure monitoring system and an arrangement evaluating the brake pressure with respect to its profile over time. The brake pressure gradient is evaluated when the brake pedal is released before the vehicle is restarted. If the absolute value of the negative brake pressure gradient when the brakes are released exceeds a threshold value, this upward transgression of the threshold value causes an electronic control system in the motor vehicle to restart the internal combustion engine in conjunction with a start/stop function. The main advantage which is achieved in this way is that the brake pressure gradient precedes the point at which the brake pressure reaches its position of rest so that a vehicle driver can sense the restarting of the internal combustion engine to be more spontaneous than in the prior art.

Abstract: If it is determined that the present engine startup is a high-temperature startup, immediately fuel injection in concert with start of cranking is prohibited. After a delay time elapses following the start of cranking, or when THC<THCh is satisfied, fuel injection is started. Therefore, the cranking during the delay time cools interior of the combustion chambers. Since fuel injection starts after the cooling, pre-ignition can be prevented.

Abstract: An auto-enrichener for an engine, including an enriching conduit for carrying fuel and air to an engine, and a valve disposed in the conduit. The valve is adjustable between at least an open configuration and a closed configuration. In the open configuration passage of fuel and air through the conduit is enabled, and in the closed configuration passage of fuel and air through the conduit is not enabled. The auto-enrichener also includes a thermal expansion element in communication with the valve. The thermal expansion element expands with increasing temperature and contracts with decreasing temperature to activate the valve. The auto-enrichener also includes a heater that hears the thermal expansion element when the engine is operated.

Abstract: A system for the management of fuel and fuel vapors in the cold start fuel passageway of an internal combustion engine which has a cold start fuel injector which, when activated, introduces fuel into the cold start fuel passageway. The system includes an engine control unit (ECU) which determines the probability of fuel within the cold start passageway. Different procedures programmed in the ECU are then utilized to dissipate the fuel from the cold start passageway. These procedures include delaying the initiation of the spark ignition for the engine, maintaining the heater associated with the cold start fuel injector activated for a period of time following deactivation of the cold start fuel injector, maintaining revolution of the internal combustion engine for a predetermined time period, as well as other strategies.

Abstract: A system for the management of fuel and fuel vapors in the cold start fuel passageway of an internal combustion engine which has a cold start fuel injector which, when activated, introduces fuel into the cold start fuel passageway. The system includes an engine control unit (ECU) which determines the probability of fuel within the cold start passageway. Different procedures programmed in the ECU are then utilized to dissipate the fuel from the cold start passageway. These procedures include delaying the initiation of the spark ignition for the engine, maintaining the heater associated with the cold start fuel injector activated for a period of time following deactivation of the cold start fuel injector, maintaining revolution of the internal combustion engine for a predetermined time period, as well as other strategies.

Abstract: A cold start fuel control system is disclosed for use with an internal combustion engine having a plurality of combustion chambers, a source of fuel and an intake manifold having an inlet and an outlet port connected to each combustion chamber. The system includes a cold start fuel injector assembly having an inlet and an outlet to provide a vapor fuel charge during a cold start engine condition. The cold start fuel injector assembly inlet is fluidly connected to the source of fuel. An auxiliary intake manifold has an internal chamber and the cold start fuel injector assembly outlet is fluidly connected to the auxiliary intake manifold chamber. The auxiliary intake manifold chamber is then fluidly connected through a control orifice to each of the combustion chambers at a position downstream from the inlet of the primary intake manifold.

Abstract: A cold start fuel control system is disclosed for use with an internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber, a source of fuel and a primary intake manifold having an inlet and an outlet and fluidly connected between the fuel source and the combustion chamber. The system includes a cold start fuel injector assembly having an inlet and an outlet with the inlet being fluidly connected to the fuel source. An auxiliary intake manifold has an interior chamber which is fluidly connected with each combustion chamber. The outlet from the cold start fuel injector is then fluidly connected to the auxiliary intake manifold so that, upon activation of the cold start fuel injector assembly, a fuel/air is inducted from the cold start fuel injector, through the auxiliary intake manifold and into the engine combustion chambers.

Abstract: A life estimation device which numerically measures the damage to a machine such as an engine accurately to estimate, the life of the machine accurately without requiring skill. A load map (B) of the two-dimensional distribution of the operation parameters of an engine is made. In accordance with the weighted integration time &agr;i·ki at each level (Bi) of the load map (B), the actual damage &dgr;=&Sgr;&agr;i·ki to the engine for a certain lapse of time &tgr; is calculated. By operating the engine beforehand, a correspondence relation L2 between the magnitude of the damage &dgr; and the life H is predetermined. The life H1 corresponding to the calculated actual damage &dgr;1 is determined in accordance with the predetermined correspondence relation L2 and the H1 is outputted as the estimated life of the engine.

Abstract: If it is determined that the present engine startup is a high-temperature startup, immediately fuel injection in concert with start of cranking is prohibited. After a delay time elapses following the start of cranking, or when THC<THCh is satisfied, fuel injection is started. Therefore, the cranking during the delay time cools interior of the combustion chambers. Since fuel injection starts after the cooling, pre-ignition can be prevented.

Abstract: A starting fuel supplying apparatus improves restarting performance of an engine in a warm-up state. In the engine in which a carburetor is disposed on the side of the cylinder, the starting fuel supplying apparatus and a thermo-sensitive member attached to the carburetor are disposed on the side of the carburetor close to the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel system as well as a method for controlling the same. More specifically, it relates to a fuel system of motor vehicles adapted to be powered by alcohol-containing fuels, and specifically by alcohol-containing fuels and by petrol, so-called Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFV). These vehicles can be powered by fuels with varying alcohol content, and also by pure petrol. The fuel system according to the invention comprises a main tank (1) for fuel, a cold-start tank (2) with fuel which is sufficiently inflammable to be used in connection with cold starts, as well as fuel line system connecting these tanks to each other and to injection means of the engine of the vehicle, where at least one pump (8, 13) is adapted to transfer fuel through the fuel line system. Specifically, the invention relates to a system which is controlled so that fuel is transferred from the main tank (1) to the cold-start tank (2) when the alcohol content of the fuel is below a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing noxious gases in the exhaust emissions of an automobile is disclosed. During engine cold start, a cold start injector having a heater downstream of the injector outlet vaporizes fuel so that a leaner air-fuel mixture can be used, thereby reducing engine emissions before the engine and catalytic converter warm up. The heater includes various configurations for swirling the fuel and exposing it to large surface areas for improving the vaporization of the fuel. A tapered bore surrounding the throttle allows for precise air flow control into the cold start device during engine warm-up.