Abstract: A torque index sensor including a substrate; a first cover which accommodates the circuit board; a first hall sensor and a second hall sensor which are disposed on the circuit board; a magnet seating member which is coupled to the stator; a second magnet which is coupled to the magnet seating member; and a second cover made of a metal material coupled with the first cover. Further, the magnet seating member and the second magnet are disposed between the first cover and the second cover, the second cover comprises: an upper plate on which a through hole is formed; and a side plate which extends in the rotational axis direction from the upper plate, and the side plate comprises a groove formed at a position corresponding to the hall sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are actuators and methods of making and actuating the same. Such actuators may comprise a body having a cavity, a membrane configured to cooperate with the cavity to form a combustion chamber, an inlet channel in fluid communication with the combustion chamber, an ignitor operable to ignite a combustible gas contained within the combustion chamber, and an outlet channel in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The membrane may be configured to move in response to a change in pressure within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a generator configured to generate electrical power. The apparatus also includes first and second tanks each configured to receive and store a refrigerant under pressure. The apparatus further includes a first piston assembly having a first piston that divides a volume within the first piston assembly into first and second spaces each configured to receive refrigerant from at least one of the tanks. In addition, the apparatus includes a second piston assembly having a second piston coupled to the first piston. The generator is configured to generate the electrical power based on movement of at least one of the first and second pistons. During use, flows of the refrigerant between the tanks and the spaces can be created based on a pressure differential, such as a pressure differential created by a temperature difference between the tanks.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure are directed to a seal configured to interface with at least a first component and a second component of a gas turbine engine. A method for forming the seal includes obtaining an ingot of a fine grained, or a coarse grained, or a columnar grained or a single crystal material from a precipitation hardened nickel base superalloy containing at least 40% by volume of the precipitate of the form Ni3(Al, X), where X is a metallic or refractory element, and processing the ingot to generate a sheet of the material, where the sheet has a thickness within a range of 0.010 inches and 0.050 inches inclusive.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (10) comprises a chamber (12), inlet valving (24, 26) operable to admit constituents of a combustible mixture into the chamber for combustion in the chamber to provide a pressure increase in the chamber, outlet valving (16) operable to release an outflow of liquid from the chamber under the influence of that pressure increase as an energy output of the chamber, input valving (136) for selectively admitting a heated aqueous fluid into chamber and a supply system (130, 132, 134) for supplying heated aqueous fluid to the input valving. The input valving is arranged to admit the heated aqueous fluid into a region of the chamber in which combustion of the combustible mixture occurs such that at least a portion of the heated aqueous fluid will dissociate to provide hydrogen that is combusted in the chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a chamber having a longitudinal centerline, inlet valving operable to admit constituents of a combustible mixture into the chamber for combustion therein to provide a pressure increase and outlet valving operable to release an outflow of liquid from the chamber under the influence of that pressure increase as an energy output of the chamber. The chamber has a flowpath defined therein for flow of the liquid towards the outlet valving. The flowpath diverges from centerline in a downstream direction thereof and has a cross-section area in a direction perpendicular to the centerline that remains substantially equal or decreases in the downstream direction of the flowpath.

Abstract: A high inertance liquid piston engine-compressor that is lightweight, portable and for use with pneumatically actuated devices that may have periods of inactivity between periods of pneumatic use. The engine-compressor provides a power generation system that is for use with mobile or portable devices which need a portable long lasting energy source.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a chamber having a longitudinal centreline, inlet valving operable to admit constituents of a combustible mixture into the chamber for combustion therein to provide a pressure increase and outlet valving operable to release an outflow of liquid from the chamber under the influence of that pressure increase as an energy output of the chamber. The chamber has a flowpath defined therein for flow of the liquid towards the outlet valving. The flowpath diverges from centreline in a downstream direction thereof and has a cross-section area in a direction perpendicular to the centreline that remains substantially equal or decreases in the downstream direction of the flowpath.

Abstract: A fluid piston engine with a plurality of cylinders wherein the plurality of cylinders are daisy chained through a single turbine having a single impeller. The fluid piston engine has a plurality of daisy chained cylinders that burn a fuel of hydrogen, and an oxidizer of air, preferably oxygen. A method of operating a fluid piston engine with a plurality of daisy chained cylinders includes steps where the operating controls are triggered by a fluid level sensor in a cylinder. Rather than from the cylinder, combustion byproducts are exhausted through a relief valve on an accumulator. Engine performance is varied by selectively idling cylinders and by varying the relative timing of multiple pairs of cylinders, wherein each pair uses internal combustion to expel fluid out of a first cylinder, through the turbine and into the second cylinder of the pair in which the combustion gases are compressed by the circulating fluid piston.

Abstract: A drive system suitable for use in a variable transmission with a plurality of rotatable and adjustable disk members, gear means adapted for contact with the plurality of disk members, carriage means for mounting the gear means and configured for axial movement along the axis of a rotatable drive shaft and a rotatable cone adapted for contact with the plurality of disk members, the cone and the conical gear means connected for relative rotation by the plurality of disk members, the disk members being adjustable transversely relative to the axis of rotation for maintaining positive contact with said rotatable cone.

Abstract: A compression-ignition internal combustion engine for aircraft generally comprises a stationary crankshaft, a crankcase adapted to rotate about the stationary crankshaft, and a plurality of cylinders radially extending from the crankcase. Each cylinder includes a piston adapted to reciprocate therein and a connecting rod drivingly coupling the piston to the crankshaft. The engine further comprises a valve assembly for operating an exhaust valve associated with each cylinder and a fuel assembly for supplying fuel to each cylinder. First and second cams mounted on the crankshaft are adapted to operate the valve assembly and fuel assembly in a timed manner as the crankcase rotates about the crankshaft. The engine also includes a propeller synchronizer for adjusting the pitch of a plurality of propellers radially extending from the rotating crankcase.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for power generation through liquid piston internal combustion engine. The liquid piston internal combustion engine of the invention utilizes a novel, synergetic combination of internal combustion and steam piston engines within the framework of one and the same system. The engine may comprise a plurality of cylinders, each having a liquid piston.

Abstract: A combustion-driven hydroelectric generating system has one or more combustion cylinders that contain a liquid (such as water) and receive a combustible fuel/oxidizer mixture that is ignited and the explosive force of the combustion acts on the surface of the liquid to transfer a metered slug of the liquid to a pressurized vessel containing a pressurized gas (preferably an inert gas). The pressurized liquid from the pressurized vessel serves as a “head of water” that can be used to operate a water wheel (Pelton wheel) or hydroelectric generator and perform other useful work. The transferred liquid is replaced in the combustion cylinder, another charge of the fuel/oxidizer is introduced and ignited and the process is repeated.

Abstract: A rotating-liquid piston engine having two or more cylinders that are partially filled with a fixed volume of liquid and are interconnected by two tangentially-connected, unidirectional flow tubes or pipes containing hydromotors. For an internal combustion engine, each of these cylinders has a top and bottom cover and a system for intake of fuel and air and an associated exhaust system. Each cylinder may have either an electric spark plug or work in a diesel mode (via an injector). The liquid in each cylinder is caused to rotate in a circle around the cylinder wall at high speed and create a vortical liquid body with a cylindrical cavity in the middle of the liquid. Rotation is used to totally stabilize the working surface of the cylindrical cavity whose surface is the "top" of the rotating-liquid piston. This cavity is the combustion chamber into which the mixture of fuel and air is injected.

Abstract: A liquid turbojet engine includes an elongated shaft, a housing mounted about the shaft with the shaft being rotatable relative to the housing about the shaft longitudinal axis, a conduit fixed to the shaft within the housing filled with an inert motive liquid and nozzles for inducing combustible gas bubbles in the motive liquid. The conduit has a compression section extending generally radially from the shaft, a combustion section extending generally axially and parallel to the shaft and from the compression section at a radial distance from the shaft, and an expansion section extending generally radially relative to the shaft axis from an end of the combustion section remote from the compression section. The bubble nozzles are located at the inlet of the compression section. The motive liquid enters through an inlet in the housing. The burned bubbles are discharged with the motive liquid through an exit nozzle in the housing.

Abstract: An engine includes an elongated shaft, a housing mounted about the shaft with the shaft being rotatable relative to the housing about the shaft longitudinal axis, a conduit fixed to the shaft within the housing filled with an inert motive liquid and nozzles for inducing combustible gas bubbles in the motive liquid. The conduit has a compression section extending generally radially from the shaft, a combustion section extending generally axially and parallel to the shaft and from the compression section at a radial distance from the shaft, and an expansion section extending from an end of the combustion section remote from the compression section. The bubble nozzles are located before the inlet of the compression section.

Abstract: An engine system for ships is has an engine body including a main combustion engine for generating power by igniting fuel and a power transmission apparatus for producing great power with the explosion pressure of the main combustion engine. A compressed air control device controls compressed air for reciprocating pumping piston of the power transmission apparatus. A booster is used to provide oil pressure to the power transmission apparatus. An accumulator is used to maintain constant oil pressure in the power transmission apparatus. A swash plate-type stirling engine is connected to a exhaust gas outlet of the main combustion engine. A turbo charger is used to force fresh air to the combustion chamber. A single-stage screw-type compressor is used to produce compressed air.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system has an engine body provided with a main combustion engine which generates power by gas explosion and a power transmission apparatus for transmitting to the crank shaft a greater power than is produced by the gas explosion. A booster is provided for providing oil pressure to the power transmission apparatus, an accumulator for maintaining constant control of the pressure in the power transmission apparatus, and a swash plate-type stirling engine connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the main combustion engine. A turbo charger is provided for forcing a supply of fresh air to the combustion chamber by using the exhaust gas. A one-stage screw-type compressor is coupled to the swash plate-type stirling engine so as to generate compressed air, and a plurality of compressed air sources are provided for storing compressed air.

Abstract: A piston power transmission apparatus is disclosed having an upper cylinder block, a lower cylinder block, a vertical wall mounted in the upper cylinder block to provide an internal chamber and external chamber respectively, the top piston being slidably housed in the internal chamber and a ring-type piston being slidably fitted in the external chamber, and a bottom piston being slidably mounted in the lower cylinder block with a diameter larger than that of the top piston, a compressed air tank which is communicated through a guide pipe with an external chamber causing the ring-type piston to move downward as soon as the pressure in the internal and external chambers falls below the air tank pressure, wherein the bottom piston and the top piston are connected to each other by the piston rod guide, and the space enclosed by the top piston, the ring-type piston and the bottom piston is filled with an incompressible fluid oil.

Abstract: The combustion engine using several kinds of fuels is provided with intake and exhaust valves and an injection device which may be electronically adjusted. It is comprised of at least one working cylinder (1, 1a) at the upper part of which is provided a fuel supply device (4), an intake valve (5) and an ignition device (6); these elements being all electronically adjustable. In the working cylinder (1, 1a) there is provided a piston (9) which is in communication with a pressure accumulator device. This connection device may be comprised of a hydraulic, pneumatic accumulator or even a spring accumulator. The piston rod (12), provided with a blocking device (11) is connected to a transmission shaft (15), (15a). To regulate the running of this engine, there is provided an indicator (3) of the cylinder temperature, a piston position indicator (34) and an electronically programmable adjusting and control device (20), such device (20) possibly being a microprocessor (20a).

Abstract: A piston engine, that may comprise one or more piston assemblies, employs hydraulic pressure principles in combination with an internal combustion construction to minimize the fuel required to operate the engine. The engine includes multiple assemblies for housing a small upper piston operated in an oscillating manner from combustion at the top surface of the piston, a large piston below the small piston operated through a hydraulic medium from the upper piston, and output means from the large piston including a crankshaft or the like, preferably a short stroke crankshaft. By employing a small piston on top, maximum hydraulic force is transferred to the larger piston to increase operating efficiency.

Abstract: A double acting Diesel cycle hot gas engine comprising a plurality of engine cylinders, each having a free piston unit adapted to perform work, providing a continuous flow of compressed air to an energy consumption source and to a storage tank connected therewith. The free piston unit includes an air compression piston and a power piston, spaced apart from each other and adapted to move together within each respective engine cylinder through a connecting rod extended therebetween in response to the movement of a working medium under a substantially constant pressure acting against one side of the power piston and to the pressure and expansive power generated by the burning gases of an air fuel mixture acting on the opposite side of said power piston. Cycle control means are provided to release the potential energy accumulated within the working medium which is initially used to drive the power piston to compress the air fuel mixture and thus, initiating the operative cycle of the engine.

Abstract: A two piston hydraulic fluid separated internal combustion cylinder system utilizing a cylinder having fuel inlet ports, ignition means, a viewing window, a filling plug; a first piston, hydraulic fluid cushion and a smaller piston which may be connected to a crankshaft.

Abstract: A method of converting heat energy into mechanical energy in which two substantially symmetrical, cylindrical chambers are secured together and rotated about a common central axis with a liquid being maintained against the outer wall of either chamber by centrifugal force. A plurality of turbine type blades are secured to a shaft for rotation about the same axis as the chambers but independently thereof and in alignment with openings in both chambers. With a liquid being maintained in one chamber, a fuel mixture is injected into that chamber and ignited so as to expel the liquid against the blades to cause rotation thereof. The blades are shaped so that the expelled liquid will be directed into the corresponding opening in the other chamber and the gases in the first chamber are then expelled and the sequence repeated in the opposite direction, from the second mentioned chamber to the first.