Abstract: An improved lubrication system and method for an internal combustion engine that includes an inertia pump in a piston that reacts to the movement of the piston and conveys a predetermined measure of lubricating oil to the space between the piston and its adjacent cylinder wall immediately below the upper piston rings as the piston reaches top dead center of its stroke cycle. A first embodiment utilizes check valves to responsively open and close passages for the pump in order to control the injection of the proper amount of oil during each cycle. A second embodiment relies on a single moving plunger mass element to provide both the pumping and the valving functions of the inertia pump. A third embodiment utilizes throttle valves to control the injection of the proper amount of oil and allow for a spill path without additional passages. A fourth embodiment utilizes a throttle valve and a check valve in combination to provide secure pumping and a spill path for excess oil.

Abstract: A sliding structure for an automotive engine includes a sliding member with a sliding portion and a lubricant applied to the sliding portion so that the sliding portion can make sliding contact with a counterpart member via the lubricant. The sliding member is either of a piston ring, a piston pin, a cam lobe, a cam journal, a plain bearing, a rotary vane and a timing chain. The sliding portion has a base made of a steel or aluminum material and a hard carbon film formed on the base to coat the sliding portion. The hard carbon film has a thickness of 0.3 to 2.0 ?m, a Knoop hardness of 1500 to 4500 kg/mm2, a surface roughness Ry (?m) satisfying the following equation: Ry<{(0.75?Hk/8000)×h+0.07/0.8}, where h is the thickness (?m) of the film; and Hk is the Knoop hardness (kg/mm2) of the film.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a slide member with increasing an abrasion resistance and an adherence, a friction coefficient is further decreased. A part of the base member surface of the slide member is provided with a streak so that a surface roughness thereof by a ten-point height of roughness profile is 8 to 18 ?mRz. A dry coat lubricant has polyamideimide resin, at least one kind of a layer improve agent selected from epoxysilane and epoxy resin, and at least one kind of hard particles selected from a silicon nitride and an alumina. Such construction can not only increase the abrasion resistance and the adherence of the slide member, but can decrease friction coefficient of the slide member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston adapted for reciprocal movement within the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. The piston includes a body having a crown formed at the uppermost margins of the body and a skirt, depending from the crown, adapted for relative sliding motion with respect to the cylinder. The piston further includes a coating bonded to the piston skirt so as to be juxtaposed between the skirt and the cylinder. The coating has a plurality of recesses formed thereon so as to define a predetermined pattern of recesses on the surface of the skirt that retains lubricant between the skirt and the cylinder wall. The coating may also direct lubricant along the outer circumference of the piston skirt during reciprocal movement of the piston within a cylinder. A method of applying the coating to the piston skirt is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shim or a valve lifter for an automotive engine valve driving system that slides against a cam lobe of a camshaft to drive an intake/exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine. The shim or lifter has the top of a sliding surface thereof opposing the cam lobe and being coated with a hard carbon film. The hard carbon film has a surface hardness of 1500 to 4500 kg/mm2 in terms of Knoop hardness, a thickness of 0.3 to 2.0 ?m and a surface roughness Ry (?m) satisfying the following equation (A): Ry<{(0.75?Hk/8000)×h+0.07/0.8}??(A) where h is the thickness (?m) of the hard carbon film; and Hk is the knoop hardness (kg/mm2) of the hard carbon film. By imparting durability, reliability and a low friction coefficient to the hard carbon film that is said to be low in ductility to prevent the hard carbon film from becoming cracked and separated when applied to the sliding portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a pair of opposed pistons held within an elliptical guide of the engine housing. The pistons reciprocate within a cylinder attached to a shaft. A combustion chamber is formed within the shaft and positioned to be between the pistons. Combustion of fuel causes the pistons to reciprocate and reciprocation of the piston causes rotation of the shaft. A valve having an intake and out take port provide fuel and exhaust to the combustion chamber. A bridge extending upwardly form the bottom of the combustion chamber prevents fuel intake from exiting the exhaust before combustion.

Abstract: In a scooter engine having valve lifters (33) interposed between intake valves (16) and a cam shaft (31), as well as between exhaust valves (17) and a cam shaft (32), with its axial line (C) of a cylinder (7) extending toward the front part of the vehicle body, a stopper (42) is provided in the cylinder (7) in the opposite position to a top face (33a) of the valve lifters (33). The top face (33a) of the valve lifters (33) is abutted against the stopper (42) when the valve lifters (33) move to fall off a cylinder head (12) as the cam shaft is removed from the cylinder head (12), thus the valve lifters (33) are prevented from falling off the cylinder (7) by the stopper (42). In this way, the valve lifters (33) are be kept assembled to the cylinder (7) even when the cam shaft is removed during the maintenance work. In other words, the DOHC engine (2) can be installed on a scooter while preventing the valve lifters (33) from falling off in the course of maintenance work.

Abstract: A combustion chamber assembly for use in a piston of a diesel engine includes a combustion chamber defined intersecting a crown of the piston, the combustion chamber being defined by a concave surface in cooperation with three convex surfaces, adjacent surfaces having direct smooth junctures. A piston and a method of forming a combustion chamber are further included.

Abstract: Blower forces fuel/air mixture into bore of cylinder head against small diameter piston of compound piston assembly, forcing assembly down in engine cylinder, permitting fuel/air mixture to enter main cylinder of engine in which it is ignited. Exhaust forces assembly to bottom of its stroke. Roller bearings on large diameter piston engage sloping surface on swash plate causing rotation of drive shaft.

Abstract: A sliding structure for an automotive engine includes a sliding member with a sliding portion and a lubricant applied to the sliding portion so that the sliding portion can make sliding contact with a counterpart member via the lubricant. The sliding member is either of a piston ring, a piston pin, a cam lobe, a cam journal, a plain bearing, a rotary vane and a timing chain. The sliding portion has a base made of a steel or aluminum material and a hard carbon film formed on the base to coat the sliding portion. The hard carbon film has a thickness of 0.3 to 2.0 ?m, a Knoop hardness of 1500 to 4500 kg/mm2, a surface roughness Ry (?m) satisfying the following equation: Ry<{(0.75?Hk/8000)×h+0.07/0.8}, where h is the thickness (?m) of the film; and Hk is the Knoop hardness (kg/mm2) of the film.

Abstract: A method for increasing displacement of an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder liner received in a cylinder bore including the steps of removing the cylinder liner from the cylinder bore, and installing a replacement cylinder liner into the cylinder bore. The removed cylinder liner has an internal diameter and an external diameter, and the replacement cylinder liner has an internal diameter and an external diameter, the internal diameter of the replacement cylinder being larger than the internal diameter of the removed cylinder liner, and the external diameters of the removed cylinder liner and the replacement cylinder liner being substantially the same. Preferably, the replacement cylinder liner is made of compacted graphite iron.

Abstract: A piston ring assembly includes a piston, and at least one piston ring positioned within a piston groove. Stabilization and support of the piston is provided by a support arrangement, including at least one support member positioned radially between a back wall of the ring groove and the piston ring. The support arrangement desirably acts to accommodate transverse loads exerted upon the piston during normal operation, and can optionally be configured for enhanced sealing of gasses.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine and a method for treating the inner surface of the cylinder, which enables the inner surface constituting a piston-sliding surface of the cylinder to have a high quality plated layer which is uniform in thickness and smooth in surface at low cost without necessitating grinding work such as honing work. The cylinder and the method of the present invention are characterized in that the inner surface of the cylinder is provided with a plated layer which is deposited thereon by a PR (Periodical Reverse) method employing a high-speed polarity reversal power source.

Abstract: A sliding structure for an automotive engine includes a sliding member with a sliding portion and a lubricant applied to the sliding portion so that the sliding portion can make sliding contact with a counterpart member via the lubricant. The sliding member is either of a piston ring, a piston pin, a cam lobe, a cam journal, a plain bearing, a rotary vane and a timing chain. The sliding portion has a base made of a steel or aluminum material and a hard carbon film formed on the base to coat the sliding portion. The hard carbon film has a thickness of 0.3 to 2.0 &mgr;m, a Knoop hardness of 1500 to 4500 kg/mm2, a surface roughness Ry (&mgr;m) satisfying the following equation: Ry<{(0.75−Hk/8000)×h+0.07/0.8}, where h is the thickness (&mgr;m) of the film; and Hk is the Knoop hardness (kg/mm2) of the film.

Abstract: A low cost new internal combustion engine with increased mechanical efficiency, fuel saver and pollution control and in particular a new internal combustion engine having improved lubricating mechanism for getting extra time to bum the fuel without knock and combustion noise for achieving increased fuel economy wherein the lubricating system consists of at least one first cross head oil groove formed at the interface cylindrical bearing surfaces of the moving contacting parts on the inner and outer surface of internal combustion engine components. At least one axial oil groove intersecting with first or second oil groove on outer surface of piston skirt, at least one deep “v” furrow and one slot on the outer surface of rocker arm and the spark ignition or fuel injection device having spring governed centrifugal advance fly weights for self regulation in proportion with engine speed from idle to maximum engine speed.

Abstract: A surface layer for forming a cylinder barrel wall of a combustion engine block is proposed. The surface layer has separate phases of components that are separated from the phase of the remaining materials. The surface layer is produced by plasma spraying an iron containing spraying powder, incorporating all components of the layer to be produced. Such a surface layer may be applied easily and shows a significantly improved behavior regarding the machining thereof, without negatively influencing other important characteristics of the layer material, like wear resistance and coefficient of friction vis-à-vis the material of the piston rings. Preferred components of the spraying powder are, besides Fe, Cr, MN, S and C. Moreover, the spraying powder can contain As, Te, Se, Sb and/or Bi.

Abstract: The invention aims to improve the seizure resistance of a piston engine with a light-alloy cylinder having a chrome-plated friction surface. To this end the friction surface of the piston is provided with a coating on the basis of artificial resin in which hard particles are embedded.

Abstract: The reciprocating engine comprises a rocker valve gear, pistons which are fastened to a connecting rod and connected by crankshaft journals to a crankshaft, a balancer, and a camshaft which is driven by the crankshaft and in turn actuates rockers, the mentioned elements being arranged in a crankcase having a cylinder head and cylinder head cover. The cylinder head is provided with integrally cast or screwed-on receivers serving for the attachment of the hollow camshaft without requiring separately fastened bearing blocks. Correspondingly, the cylinder-head comprises further integrally cast or screwed-on receivers which serve for the attachment of the hollow rockers without requiring separately fastened bearing blocks.

Abstract: An articulated piston includes a crown and a separate skirt joined in articulated manner to the pin bosses of the crown by a wrist pin. The skirt has opposing thrust surfaces which contact the wall of a cylinder bore of an engine when the piston experiences side loading during operation. The thrust surfaces have a vertical profile which is generally symmetrical about a center plane containing the axis of a pin bore of the skirt. The profile includes tapered end sections and a wide, shallow central depressed region. Under normal operation, the depressed region channels lubricant to the pin bores. The twin peaked profile distributes side loads and stress above and below the pin bore plane and under heavy load, the depressed region bows outwardly presenting a flat, full contact surface between the peaked regions for decreasing the wear load on the thrust surfaces.

Abstract: An articulated piston includes a crown and a separate skirt joined in articulated manner to the pin bosses of the crown by a wrist pin. The skirt has opposing thrust surfaces which contact the wall of a cylinder bore of an engine when the piston experiences side loading during operation. The thrust surfaces have a vertical profile which is generally symmetrical about a center plane containing the axis of a pin bore of the skirt. The profile includes tapered end sections and a wide, shallow central depressed region. Under normal operation, the depressed region channels lubricant to the pin bores. The twin peaked profile distributes side loads and stress above and below the pin bore plane and under heavy load, the depressed region bows outwardly presenting a flat, full contact surface between the peaked regions for decreasing the wear load on the thrust surfaces.

Abstract: An inventive cylinder liner of the present invention includes a dual phase graphite morphology. An outer diameter of the cylinder liner is comprised of ductile (nodular) and vermicular iron while an inner diameter of the cylinder liner is comprised of predominantly gray iron. A transition region of predominantly vermicular iron is preferably disposed between the inner diameter and the outer diameter. The inventive cylinder is preferably made using a centrifugal casting process, which provides a transition in the cylinder wall between the ductile and vermicular iron at the outer diameter to the predominantly gray iron at the inner diameter.

Abstract: An engine which employs a cam follower mechanism to reduce wear and reduce the size of an assembled engine. The cam follower mechanism utilizes guide rails located to reduce side thrust on the valve stem. The engine employs a high speed quill shaft to synchronize independent cam shafts existing in each of a plurality of interconnected engines. The engine is assembled using a single size fastener to provide a uniform stress gradient within the engine. The engines are interconnected utilizing O-ring seals. The engine provides a piston crown utilizing a connecting rod directly connected to the bottom surface of the piston crown. The piston crown is stabilized along the longitudinal cylinder axis by a rail guide. Connecting rods are provided which require less than one hundred eighty degrees (180°) circumference of a crankshaft pin for support so that a plurality of connecting rods can be associated with a single crankshaft pin.

Abstract: A light metal piston for internal combustion engines which includes a bearing bushing comprising a shell wrapped from a rolled strip or band shaped metal material. The shell has a butt joint which is closed in a pressed-in state, with a preferred orientation of the metallurgical grain areas being formed in the circumferential direction of the shell.

Abstract: A piston for reciprocal movement in a cylinder in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The piston has a lateral surface that is provided with at least two spaced peripheral piston ring grooves for individual piston rings. A collection chamber is arranged between the piston ring grooves. This collection chamber is made of a peripheral groove arranged in the lateral surface and at least one space, which communicates with the collection chamber, is arranged in the piston. The collection chamber and the space are made to take up uncombusted air-fuel mixture and combustion gases that have passed one of the piston rings.

Abstract: A free piston internal combustion engine includes a housing with a combustion cylinder and a second cylinder. A piston includes a piston head reciprocally disposed within the combustion cylinder; a second head reciprocally disposed within the second cylinder; a plunger rod with a first end attached to the piston head, a second end attached to the second head, and a longitudinal axis; and a plurality of radially extending vanes attached to the plunger rod and the second head. The radially extending vanes face toward the piston head and are disposed at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a piston skirt oil seal system comprising a piston with a skirt operating in a cylinder chamber between an oil sump and a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine. A first retainer attaches to the piston skirt, and a second retainer attaches to a cylinder wall defining the cylinder chamber above the oil sump. A boot made of a flexible, impervious membrane extends between the first and second retainers. The boot serves as a barrier preventing the migration of oil from the oil sump into the combustion chamber reducing the amount of unburned hydrocarbons introduced to the catalyst. To overcome gas leakage and friction, at least one self-lubricating or gas lubricated ring attaches to the piston above the boot. In an alternative embodiment, the boot forms an oil migration barrier through the use of a series of concentric rings linked together in a telescoping arrangement.