Abstract: A device is disclosed which humidifies the incoming air to an internal combustion engine or an air compressor. The device employs a moistened wick which transfers water from a water reservoir to the incoming air. The humidified air reduces the carbon build-up in an engine and increases the efficiency thereof. A humidistat is provided for automatic adjustment of humidity and the heating of incoming air prior to humidification.

Abstract: An auxiliary apparatus for injecting water into the intake manifold of an automotive internal combustion engine at an adjustable visible rate that is related to the number of cylinders of the engine to achieve increased mileage from the vehicle and power output from the engine, eliminate pinging and Dieseling, minimize build up of carbon around the valves of the engine, results in the engine operating at a lower temperature, and allows the use of low octane fuel without detrimental results.

Abstract: Apparatus for injecting coolant into the fuel-air mixture supplied to a turbocharged internal combustion engine in which coolant is stored in a reservoir that is connected to the outlet side of a turbocharger compressor and is pressurized during times that the turbocharger is generating positive pressures above a predetermined level. The pressure in the reservoir forces coolant to the inlet side of the turbocharger to cool fuel and injection is interrupted when the pressures are below that level and cooling of the fuel-air mixture is not required.

Abstract: Water under pressure is delivered to an air/fuel induction passage of an internal combustion engine under control of a three-way spool valve whose water conveying passages are completely isolated from actuating air passages by dynamic elastic seals on the valve spool. The valve is spring-biased to a water bypass position and is activated by engine manifold pressure to deliver water when the engine is running.

Abstract: A method for improving efficiency of an internal combustion irrigation engine is provided by the present invention. In one embodied form, the method comprises the steps of: channelling an inlet air stream to the engine through a single pass air cooler at a flow rate of between about 200 cubic feet per minute and about 5000 cubic feet per minute, the air cooler being a counter current flow packed cooling tower utilizing irrigation water as cooling means; directly contacting the inlet air stream with irrigation water in the air cooler to bring the temperature of the air stream within a range of between about 55.degree. F. and about 75.degree. F. and a relative humidity within a range of between about 90% and 100%; admixing the cooled and humidified inlet air stream with fuel; and directing the resultant gaseous mixture to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion irrigation engine.

Abstract: A fuel supplement supplying device for an internal combustion engine to add a liquid additive such as water, methanol, or the like into the air being introduced prior to be mixed with a fuel is disclosed. The device includes a hollow vaporizing head of porous material disposed within the induction duct leading to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to define a constricted annular zone between the head and the induction duct. The liquid additive as above is fed from a reservoir via a feed line to the vaporizing head where the same is subjected to the negative pressure in response to a vacuum developed in the induction duct upon operation of the engine to whereby be sucked or seeped out through the porous wall of the vaporizing head into the stream of the air passing through said constricted annular zone. The liquid additive thus seeped out is vaporized on the surface of the head in the passing air to moisten the introducing air prior to being mixed with fuel.

Abstract: A fluid injection system for an internal combustion engine such as a spark-ignition engine in which an injection nozzle injects a finely divided spray of fluid, such as water or a water solution, into the engine in response to a flow of atomizing air. The nozzle is connected to a fluid supply reservoir and to an air compressor for supplying air to the nozzle at a rate in direct proportion to engine speed to induce the flow of fluid through the nozzle. A pressure responsive flow control device is provided that is responsive to engine load, as manifested by the pressure in the intake manifold for controlling the flow of air to the nozzle, and therefore the discharge of fluid from the nozzle. The pressure of air supplied by the compressor to the nozzle is varied in response to variations of the pressure in the exhaust manifold of the engine. As a result, the flow of atomizing air to the nozzle, and therefore the rate of fluid injection, is varied in response to variations in engine speed and in engine load.

Abstract: A fluid injection system for a turbocharged internal combustion engine such as a spark-ignition engine in which an injection nozzle injects a finely divided spray of fluid, such as water or a water solution, into the engine in response to a flow of atomizing air. The nozzle is connected to a fluid supply reservoir and to the outlet line of a compressor which receives the air/fuel mixture from the carburetor and supplies the mixture to the nozzle to induce the flow of fluid through the nozzle. The compressor is driven by the flow of exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold so that the flow of atomizing air to the nozzle, and therefore the rate of fluid injection, is varied in response to variations in engine load.

Abstract: A fluid injection system for an internal combustion engine such as a spark-ignition engine in which an injection nozzle injects a finely divided spray of fluid, such as water or a water solution, into the engine in response to a flow of atomizing air. The nozzle is connected to a fluid supply reservoir and to the outlet line of an air-injection pump that is connected to an electronic control circuit which includes a detonation sensor coupled to the intake manifold. The electronic circuit operates the pump in response to detonation of the fuel charge in the combustion chamber by virtue of its connection to the detonation sensor. As a result, the flow of atomizing air to the nozzle and therefore the rate and magnitude of water injection is responsive to fuel detonation. An inductive pickup can also be provided that is coupled to the ignition system of the engine and connected to the electronic circuit so that the pump is also operated in response to engine speed.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for supplying an internal combustion engine with a plurality of fuels wherein a first fuel source 10 which is conventional lead-free gasoline is provided and a second source of fuel 12 which consists of from 180 to 190 proof ethanol is provided as a second fuel source. The fuels are maintained separately and are fed to the intake manifold 18 of the internal combustion engines separately and simultaneously via injection valves 34 and 36. Upon injection to the heated intake manifold, the fuels are vaporized and mixed in the vapor phase prior to combustion in the combustion chambers 32. An electric coil 46 is provided for heating the alcohol fuel and enhancing vaporization. The method also includes injecting water vapor into the combustion chamber with the gasoline and alcohol in the ratio of 0.5 to 2.5 percent and of including either Diethanolaminebenzoate, Dimethylbenzalkoniumchloride, Dicyclohexylaminenitrite, and/or Mercaptobenzothiazole as corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: A fluid injection system for an internal combustion engine such as a spark-ignition engine in which an injection nozzle injects a finely divided spray of fluid, such as water or a water solution, into the engine in response to a flow of atomizing air. The nozzle is connected to a fluid supply reservoir and to the outlet line of an air compressor for supplying air to the nozzle to induce the flow of fluid through the nozzle. A pressure responsive flow control device is provided that is responsive to engine load, as manifested by the pressure in the intake manifold, for controlling the flow of air to the nozzle, and therefore the discharge of fluid from the nozzle. As a result, the flow of atomizing air to the nozzle, and therefore the rate of fluid injection, is varied in response to variations in engine load.

Abstract: A system for injecting fluid into an internal combustion engine, in which a carburetor supplies an air/fuel mixture to the engine in response to the demand on the engine, and a nozzle receives the fluid and a portion of the mixture and injects the fluid and the mixture into the carburetor at a rate proportional to the flow rate of the mixture. A supercharger receives the mixture from the carburetor and increases the pressure and flow rate of the mixture in response to a predetermined demand on the engine before the mixture is introduced to the engine.

Abstract: A system for improving the combustion efficiency of an internal combustion engine having means for supply fuel and primary air for combustion in said engine and a valve for controlling the flow of at least the primary air into the engine, said system including means for introducing liquid in fine particle or vapour form into the primary air stream and means for drawing air treated by said liquid introducing means into the primary air stream at a position immediately down stream of the primary air controlling valve of the engine together with valve means for controlling the flow of said treated air in response to the level of vacuum produced by said engine whereby the valve means is closed when the engine is idling and is open when the engine is operating at a speed above the idling speed.

Abstract: The present moisturizer for air going into a combustion process has a venturi passageway through a liquid permeable, porous, open-ended, annular body surrounded by liquid such as water and a valve in the venturi passageway. The valve is spring-biased toward the air inlet end of the venturi passageway to provide a maximum flow restriction at low volume demand. The valve deflects air outward against the inside wall of the porous body which defines the venturi passageway for the purpose of enhancing the withdrawal of moisture from the porous body, particularly at low volume demands. At progressively higher volume demands, the valve is displaced by the air toward the air outlet end of the venturi passageway to enlarge the effective open area of the passageway around the valve. Preferably, the valve operates to keep the air velocity through the venturi passageway substantially constant at different air flow demands.

Abstract: The system is adapted to improve the efficiency and smooth operation of the automobile engine and reduce pollutants expelled from the engine. The normal carburetion function is supplemented by a vacuum induction technique to supply saturated (moisture laden) air to the carburetor where it is mixed with the existing gasoline vapor passing through the carburetor throat. The system is a feedback type using air pressure, preferably filtered by the vehicle air filter (cleaner), coupled to a fuel-water liquid tank where the air passes through the liquid to provide a liquid saturated air source that feeds back to the carburetor throat preferably just above the throttle plate.

Abstract: Water injection is carried out in a pressure system, with water from a reservoir pressurized by an injection pump energized only above predetermined torque demand levels, under the control of a vacuum switch sensing intake manifold vacuum. Water injection is also precluded until the engine reaches operating temperature by a vacuum switch connected to a PVS valve. A water spray nozzle is mounted in the air cleaner and directs droplets into the carburetor intake. A purging pump causes purging of a short section of the feed line upstream of the injection nozzle after the engine is shut off to minimize water drippage into the engine carburetor.

Abstract: A vapor injection system for introducing water vapor into an internal combustion engine includes a housing having first, second, and third chambers within the housing. An inlet conducts water into the first chamber from an unpressurized water container. A filter separates the first chamber from the second chamber. A small orifice extends from the second chamber into a third chamber. An airtight tube connects the third chamber to an opening in a carburetor of the internal combustion engine, the opening being located above a throttle valve of the carburetor. When the engine is running, reduced air pressure exists in the carburetor above the throttle valve and therefore in the third chamber. The orifice is sufficiently small that water passing from the second chamber into the lower pressure third chamber immediately vaporized as it enters the third chamber. The water vapor passes through the tube into the carburetor.

Abstract: An electric pump delivers water from an reservoir to a nozzle located in the air intake manifold of a diesel engine. The pumping capacity of the pump is adjustable by varying the resistance of a variable resistor in series with the pump so that the system can be used with various engines requiring different amounts of water. Several safety switches are provided to prevent water from being pumped unless the engine is running at a predetermined speed, a predetermined oil pressure is reached and the throttle is depressed. An indicator light indicates when the water reservoir is empty and needs refilling.

Abstract: A vaporizer cooperating with a recirculating water system humidifies air before it enters the carburetor of an automobile engine. The vaporizer is generally a hollow tube which includes an evaporating pad that distributes liquid such as water. As air moves through the vaporizer, vapor moves into the air stream. Excess liquid is collected at the bottom of a larger portion of the vaporizer, whose air outlet is elevated from that bottom to prevent liquid phase water from leaving the vaporizer. The recirculating system drains collected excess water.

Abstract: An air cleaner for a combustion engine including air and fuel induction passages is provided and the air cleaner defines an inner chamber downstream from an associated air filter element. The inner chamber opens into the air and fuel induction passages of the engine and a reservoir for an evaporative liquid is provided, including an upper portion defining a filtered air inlet and a vapor outlet. An elongated conduit extends between and communicates the vapor outlet with the inner chamber within the air cleaner and a liquid absorbent and porous body is provided within the chamber for floating on the liquid therein, the body when in use defining increased wetted surface area from which liquid contained within the reservoir may be evaporated by air entering the reservoir through the air inlet and being drawn from the reservoir through the vapor outlet.

Abstract: A fluid injection system for an internal combustion engine such as a spark-ignition or compression-ignition enginein which an injection nozzle injects a finely divided spray of fluid, such as water or a water solution, into the engine in response to a flow of atomizing air. The nozzle is connected to a fluid supply reservoir and to the outlet line of an air-injection pump connected to the intake manifold of the engine and to an electronic circuit that includes an inductive pick-up coupled to the ignition system of the engine. The pump operates in response to engine speed by virtue of its connection to the ignition system and in response to engine load by virtue of its connection to the intake manifold. As a result, the flow of atomizing air to the nozzle and therefore the rate and magnitude of water injection is responsive to engine speed and engine load.

Abstract: An air filter comprising, in addition to a porous paper annular filter, a filter in the form of a canopy disposed above the air outlet orifice. This filter comprises a trellis forming a support for absorbent material meshes extending into a water tank. The meshes become wet by absorbing the water from the tank by capilliary action and ensure, by forced convection, a humidification of the air aspirated by the engine.

Abstract: A fuel supply system comprises a supply tank with a main fuel conduit leading to a combustion zone, such as an internal combustion engine, and a secondary fuel conduit with flow restriction means is provided leading from the lowermost region of the tank to rejoin the main fuel conduit prior to the combustion zone so that any water accumulating in the tank is mixed with fuel to be burned at the combustion zone.

Abstract: Water is pumped from a holding tank through nozzle means to an area above the carburetion means on an internal combustion engine. The pumping means is controlled by diaphragm means reacting to intake manifold pressure as well as manual control. Filtering means are provided to allow the use of normal tap water. The diaphragm control means operates only after intake manifold pressure has risen to a certain point and ceases to operate after it has arisen above a second point or pressure. In another version, a variable pump is used to provide water in direct relationship to the manifold pressure over the indicated or selected range. The nozzle and the carburetion means act together to provide proper atomization of the water in the fuel air mixture.

Abstract: This is a method for the operation of internal combustion engines which is designed to decontaminate the exhaust gases. The method includes: feeding a gasification air stream into a gasification reactor; feeding fuel into the same gasification reactor; combining the fuel with the gasification air into a homogeneous fuel-air mixture in the gasification reactor; and converting the fuel-air mixture by partial combustion into a soot-free reformed gas. Then, the reformed gas is fed from the gasification reactor to a mixer where the reformed gas is mixed with combustion air and the reformed gas-air mixture is fed to the internal combustion engine for further combustion with the result that there is intensive decontamination of the exhaust gases which thereby reduces air pollution.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes at least one combustion chamber and an inlet conduit whereby air for combustion of fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber. The inlet conduit has a main inlet and an auxiliary inlet for introducing main and auxiliary air flows respectively into the inlet conduit. Filtered and heated air is passed through a humidifier and a preheater to an air suction control valve connected between the preheater and the auxiliary inlet to provide the auxiliary air flow. The air suction control valve operates in response to increase in pressure in the combustion chamber to reduce the flow of air from the preheater to the auxiliary inlet.

Abstract: A moisture feed system for the fuel-air charge used in an internal combustion engine. It includes float control of the moisturizing chamber and air dispersion to the periphery of the moisturizing chamber by a manifold built into the chamber.

Abstract: The two-stroke engine has a piston mounted in a cylinder having a full diameter bore throughout its major length and a reduced diameter upper bore portion. The piston has the same configuration and in its upward compression stroke, air and finely-divided water droplets are admitted into an annular space formed between the piston's reduced diameter and the cylinder's full diameter. Flow of the air water mixture through an exhaust valve cools the motor. At TDC (top dead center) the upper surfaces of the piston and the cylinder mutually form a relatively small spheroidal combustion chamber. Differing compression ratios in the annular and the spheroidal chamber cause the air-water mixture to rush into the spheroid in a swirling motion to intimately mix with injected fuel. Ignition produces a complete burning. End gases or the like are burnt in the cooler annular space to avoid detonation. The fuel injection is in measured increments determined by the temperature and pressure of the water mixture.

Abstract: This apparatus for moisturizing the intake air going into an engine carburetor has one or more venturi passageways, each defined by a water permeable, porous body surrounded by water. The intake air is drawn into the venturi passageway where it becomes moisturized or humidified before going into the carburetor.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for vaporizing a fluid and injecting the vaporized fluid into a carburetor of an internal combustion engine by subjecting a flow of fluid to a flow of pressurized air.

Abstract: A combustion process in which a water-in-oil emulsion of liquid fuel, such as liquid hydrocarbons, containing from 10 to 50% water and preferably 10 to 30% water is burned. The emulsion is produced, with little or no added emulsifying agent, by sonic agitation, including a sonic generator and an acoustic transformer having a larger cross-section coupled to or in contact with the sonic generator than at its other end, at which emulsification takes place, whereby the sonic energy density is increased. With the increased sonic density an emulsion is produced which when burned produces a quality of burn such that the combustion is faster, more complete, and cleaner, with an increase in efficiency even up to 30% of water. The increase in efficiency often equals that obtained by the burning of the same weight of pure fuel in the conventional manner.

Abstract: A spacer plate for disposition between the carburetor mounting boss of an internal combustion engine intake manifold and the mounting flange of an associated carburetor is provided. The spacer plate includes an opening formed therethrough for registry with each air and fuel passage in the associated carburetor and intake manifold and an elongated vapor discharge tube extends through the spacer plate between the upper and lower surfaces thereof. At least one intermediate portion of the discharge tube extends along one peripheral portion of the opening formed through the plate and includes at least one lateral outlet opening opening into the spacer plate air and fuel opening. Those portions of the discharge tube disposed in the spacer plate are partially flattened so as to be of reduced width in a direction disposed normal to the plane of the associated spacer plate.

Abstract: A multiple fuel supply or an internal combustion engine wherein phase separation of components is deliberately induced. The resulting separation permits the use of a single fuel tank to supply components of either or both phases to the engine. Specifically, phase separation of a gasoline/methanol blend is induced by the addition of a minor amount of water sufficient to guarantee separation into an upper gasoline phase and a lower methanol/water phase. A single fuel tank holds the two-phase liquid with separate fuel pickups and separate level indicators for each phase. Either gasoline or methanol, or both, can be supplied to the engine as required by predetermined parameters. A fuel supply system for a phase-separated multiple fuel supply contained in a single fuel tank is described.

Abstract: A portion of the air filter means ahead of an engine carburetor is provided as a porous water absorbent foam material and means is also provided to supply water or a water-alcohol mixture to the lower portion of the foam such that it will be wetted and impart moisture to the air stream passing through the air filter unit. A preferred unit automatically supplies fluid to the lower face of the foam material to maintain wetness and an open-cell foam material is also used which will effect a wick-like, capillary action to insure a wet porous surface for the air stream flow.

Abstract: The hydrogen engine hereof introduces water as vapor with inlet hydrogen and air, as a mixture proportioned for practical internal combustion and efficient power output. Water vapor is a substantial component of the exhaust of hydrogen fueled engines. In one embodiment of the invention, water vapor is condensed from the exhaust, and thereupon arranged to provide the input water as a continuing self-supporting process. The resultant emissions are very low in oxides of nitrogen, and readily meet the EPA Standards on pollutants as presently set for 1976. Further, and importantly, engine backfire is eliminated in the operation. Also, engine output power and efficiency are improved with the invention principles.

Abstract: A staged internal combustion engine is provided with means for controlling temperature of the interstage gases within predetermined ranges appropriate for the varying operating conditions of the engine. The temperature control is responsive to significant engine conditions such as interstage gas temperature, engine speed and inlet manifold pressure to supply temperature controlling fluids to the interstage gases. The temperature controlling fluids include vaporizable liquids, such as water, which are added to limit maximum temperatures of the interstage gases and combustion supporting gases, such as air, which react with excess fuel in the interstage gases to quickly reach and maintain minimum temperatures.

Abstract: A vapor injection system for an internal combustion engine including a mist chamber having a perforated section communicating with the inlet to the carburetor and a water tube and an air tube discharging jets of water and air, respectively, in convergent paths within the mist chamber to create an atomized water spray. The perforated section of the mist chamber assures the complete atomization of all water particles passing into the carburetor.