Abstract: There is disclosed an internal combustion (V-8) engine having an improved form of cylinder head and intake manifold for augmented combustion air flow and improved fuel mixing wherein the intake chamber immediately upstream of the intake valve is provided with two inlet ducts rather than the usual one inlet duct. The primary inlet duct may be conventional; the secondary inlet duct branches off in a direction more nearly parallel to the central axis of the cylinder and preferably connects to an inlet pipe which draws air through an independent air filter. The secondary inlet duct is provided with its own butterfly valve which can be independently controlled either automatically or manually and may be provided with a fuel injector. Secondary inlet ducts of the system can be attached on the outside to the inlet stacks (for injected engines), to an air breather base (on carburated engines), or to draw filtered air from the atmosphere directly into the system.

Abstract: In order to postcharge an IC engine of the piston type during the piston motion in the vicinity of the lower dead center position in addition to the charge drawn in from an individual duct (17) via an induction valve (42) charge compressed by a charger is introduced from a pressure duct (19) via a pressure valve (28) from a charger into an inlet duct (21) leading to the inlet valve (11) of the combustion chamber, the opening phase of the pressure valve (28) and the closing phase of the induction valve (42) overlap and then a pulse exchange takes place towards the combustion chamber between the induction and pressure flows. For this purpose the connection between the induction and the pressure ducts is preferably designed in the manner of a suction jet pump pumping into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A double piston engine has a doubly acting piston reciprocably provided in a cylinder arrangement to form two working chambers which periodically increase and decrease their volumes. The invention provides inlet means with supply means for a cleaning flow through the working chambers and inlet means and supply means for a loading flow in excess of atmospheric pressure to the respective chambers. Means are further provided to secure that the loading flow enters the respective working chamber after the closing of the inlet for the cleaning flow. By this arrangement of the invention it becomes possible to operate two cycle engines with turbo-chargers or other loaders. A very powerful engine at compact space and low weight is obtained, while the poisenous gases of two stroke engines are prevented to a high degree.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine without crankcase scavenging is disclosed which is able to operate in a four-stroke mode at cranking and idle speeds. The engine utilizes a turbocharger driven by exhaust gases to recharge the cylinder with fresh air or an air/fuel mixture. An auxiliary inlet valve responsive to pressure within the cylinder enables the engine to operate in a four-stroke mode, thus eliminating the need for an externally driven air pump when the engine is either idling, being started, or under light loads where turbocharger boost is too low to supply sufficient flow of air or an air/fuel mixture.

Abstract: The delivery of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine is aided by blowing in an amount of compressed air which is small compared to the stroke volume of the diesel engine after the stream of fuel has been injected into the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle. In this way fuel particles which would otherwise remain in the injection nozzle and considerably increase the hydrocarbon content of the exhaust are removed from the nozzle and burned, at the same time clearing the nozzle holes of any remaining fuel. The compressed air blown in after fuel injection will assist combustion of the red-hot particles of the fuel stream which have formed immediately beyond the nozzle.

Abstract: In order to postcharge an IC engine of the piston type during the piston motion in the vicinity of the lower dead center position in addition to the charge drawn in from an induction duct (17) via an induction valve (42) charge compressed by a charger is introduced from a pressure duct (19) via a pressure valve (28) from a charger into an inlet duct (21) leading to the inlet valve (11) of the combustion chamber, the opening phase of the pressure valve (28) and the closing of the induction valve (42) overlap and then a pulse exchange takes place towards the combustion chamber between the induction and pressure flows. For this purpose the connection between the induction and the pressure ducts is preferably designed in the manner of a suction jet pump pumping into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine is described having a combination of a combustion chamber portion at one end of the cylinder for receiving predetermined amounts of air and fuel; inlet ports for injecting fuel and compressed air into the upper end of the combustion chamber portion; exhaust ports in the cylinder for the conduction of exhaust gases and air from the combustion chamber portion, said exhaust port means being covered and uncovered by the side of the piston means and positioned to be fully uncovered at the bottom dead center position of the piston; a fuel/air mixing system in communication with the inlet ports the system having an air supply for providing a continuous supply of compressed air to the combustion chamber portion, a supply of compressed air generated by the engine, a fual supply for providing predetermined quantities of fual at specified intervals, and, a precombustion chamber for receiving and mixing the compressed air and the predetermined quantities of fuel and providing the co

Abstract: A round pipe being rotatably mounted in a round hole seat adjacent to the exhausting port on the cylinder block of a two-stroke engine; the round hole seat has two passages being in communication with the exhausting port and the crankcase. The round pipe has a slot, which can align with the aforesaid two passages respectively upon the round pipe rotating so as to have the round pipe become communicating with the exhausting port or the crankcase; the time of that communicating state is synchronous with the later period of exhausting and the ending of intake into the crankcase. The inside of the round pipe is fed with compressed air, therefore, the compressed air blowing towards the exhausting port during the later period of exhausting forms a screen to prevent the fresh gas from flowing out together with the waste gas exhausted or even reversely inject air into the cylinder for increasing the gas pressure in the cylinder.

Abstract: The delivery of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine is aided by blowing in an amount of compressed air which is small compared to the stroke volume of the diesel engine after the stream of fuel has been injected into the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle. In this way fuel particles which would otherwise remain in the injection nozzle and considerably increase the hydrocarbon content of the exhaust are removed from the nozzle and burned, at the same time clearing the nozzle holes of any remaining fuel. The compressed air blown in after fuel injection will assist combustion of the red-hot particles of the fuel stream which have formed immediately beyond the nozzle.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly having a premix chamber is provided for the injection of remixed fuel and air or other gas into a diesel ingine cylinder. Air, or other gas, is supplied continuously to the premix chamber through a port connected to a high pressure reservoir. Fuel is delivered into the premix chamber through a typical poppet injection nozzle. The passage orientation into the premix chamber and the magnitude of the fuel and air pressure determine the mixing level. By pressure of the air, the compressed fuel-air mixture is injected, into the diesel engine cylinder. To remove fuel remaining in the injection cavity and injection orifices, an air injection follows the fuel-air mixture injection. After the air injection, the fuel for the next cycle is promptly injected into the premix chamber to allow about 700 crank angle degrees for premixing with air and vaporization in the operation of a four stroke engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a moving piston within a combustion chamber that is temporarily divided into two zones when the piston is at and near its minumum volume position. Fuel is confined to a first zone where the fuel is ignited to generate combustion wave energy that drives gas within the second zone in Helmholtz resonance through a restricted passageway. Air from the second zone is periodically expanded into the first zone through the passageway to improve the combustion process in the first zone before the piston moves substantially away from its minimum volume position.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a spark assisted diesel engine embodying a main combustion chamber and an energy cell. Fuel is injected into the main chamber and into the energy cell and combustion is initiated in the main chamber. The energy cell communicates with the main chamber through a restricted orifice and the increased pressure of the combustion causes auto ignition in the energy cell to generate a high velocity charge out of the energy cell into the main chamber through the orifice for generating turbulence to insure complete combustion.

Abstract: An improved diesel engine is provided wherein clean air is blown past compression ring seals to prevent particulate matter in combustion gases from entering between a cylinder wall or liner and a piston sidewall. The diesel engine includes at least one cylinder, a piston reciprocatingly mounted in the cylinder, a combustion air port, an exhaust gas port, a fuel injector proximate the cylinder head, and at least two compression ring seals. A clean air port communicates with the cylinder wall for conducting pressurized clean air into the cylinder. A chamber is disposed in the piston and includes a port substantially centered on the piston crown, and a blow-by port on the piston sidwall bounded by the two compression ring seals. The clean air port is spaced from the combustion air port such that when the piston is proximate the bottom-dead-center position of its stroke and combustion air is conducted into the cylinder, the compression ring seals bounding the blow-by port also bound the clean air port.

Abstract: A liquid fuel atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid fuel into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel burner combustion systems are described.

Abstract: An engine intake system including a main intake passage leading to a combustion chamber through a main intake valve, a supercharging passage leading to the combustion chamber, and a supercharging pump provided in the supercharging passage. A rotary type timing valve is located in the supercharging passage and includes a rotor having inlet ports communicating with the supercharging passage at an upstream portion of the supercharging passage and an outlet port connected with the inlet port through a valve passage formed in the rotor. The rotor is driven in synchronism with engine rotation, the outlet port being arranged so that it is cyclically communicated with the supercharging passage at a downstream portion of the supercharging passage as the rotor rotates.

Abstract: A four cycle internal combustion engine including a secondary intake system. The secondary intake system includes a pumping diaphragm actuated by pressure variation within the engine crankcase. The pumping diaphragm is in turn connected to the intake passage through a secondary intake passage to receive and expel air/fuel mixture toward the intake valving at appropriate intervals. A control valve control communication between the crankcase and the pumping diaphragm to restrict or allow actuation of the pumping diaphragm. An outlet also extends from the system to vent the crankcase at appropriate intervals.

Abstract: In a V-type internal combustion engine, an auxiliary air supply apparatus includes an auxiliary air distribution pipe which communicates directly to two or more mutually independent chambers in the intake system of the engine. This auxiliary air distribution pipe is connected and communicates to an auxiliary air channel so as to bypass an intake throttle valve. In this auxiliary air channel an auxiliary air control valve is installed to control the volume of auxiliary air flowing through the channel, according to the operating condition of the engine. Because of this, the auxiliary air controlled by the control valve is directly distributed to two or more chambers through the auxiliary air distribution pipes.

Abstract: An apparatus for mounting between a carburetor and an air filter housing of an internal combustion engine which injects air streams into the carburetor at a point immediately adjacent its fuel jets for subjecting the normal air fuel mixture to additional turbulence for increased vaporization of the fuel supply.

Abstract: Engine having a bore and piston in which the exhaust stroke of the piston approaches the cylinder head closely, so that very little product of combustion remains, this taking place by use of an auxiliary chamber.

Abstract: A spark-plug assembly comprises a fitting mounted on the piston cylinder of an internal-combustion engine and formed with a generally closed firing chamber, at least one firing port extending between the firing chamber and the piston cylinder for fluid communication therebetween, and a storage compartment opening only into the firing chamber. The fitting being provided with a flame-blocking element or formation preventing the entrance of a flame front from the firing chamber into the storage compartment. This firing chamber is open substantially only to the storage compartment and to the piston cylinder. A spark plug has electrodes in the firing chamber. The electrodes form a spark gap lying in the firing chamber between the storage compartment and the port and the storage compartment opens only into the firing chamber.

Abstract: A fuel intake system for a supercharged engine including an engine driven supercharger comprises a primary intake passage having a primary throttle valve for controlling the flow of an air-fuel mixture to be supplied to the engine, an auxiliary intake passage having an auxiliary throttle valve for controlling the flow of at least an air supercharged by the supercharger and adapted to be supplied to the engine, and an electromagnetic clutch for initiating and interrupting the transmission of the drive from the engine to the supercharger. The clutch is in position to establish the drive transmission between the supercharger and the engine only during the high load engine operating condition.

Abstract: A secondary air introducing device for an engine including a cylinder, an associated piston, and a secondary air introducing hole formed in a side wall of the cylinder in such a manner that said hole is located near the bottom dead center of the piston and is opened and closed by the piston. The secondary air introducing hole is made to communicates through inlet passages with the atmosphere, so that the external air is introduced into the cylinder through the secondary air introducing hole by a negative pressure which is produced in the cylinder at the end of a suction stroke of said engine, and a control valve means opened and closed according to variations in load of the engine is provided in the inlet passages, thus controlling an amount of air introduced therein.

Abstract: A method of delayed reaction stratified combustion for internal combustion engines comprising burning a compressed fast burning rich air-fuel mixture during an initial portion of a combustion event, adding supplemental diluting air optimally with recirculated exhaust gas (EGR) during an intermediate portion of such combustion event and completing combustion during latter portions of the combustion event. Suggested timing and mixture ratios may be chosen to obtain improved efficiency, reduced NO.sub.x formations and/or reduced requirement for egr.

Abstract: The method and device for the formation of a fuel-air mixture upstream of the mixture-forming nozzles of an internal combustion engine. The combustible fuel is vaporized and introduced into a combustion chamber through a fuel vapor passage and nozzles, and an air pump connected to the fuel vapor passage introduces pressurized air therein at a selected time in the engine cycle. This results in the discharge of pressurized air together with vaporized fuel through the nozzle into the combustion chamber to form a zone of fuel-air mixture enveloped by a jacket of air during the compression stroke of the engine and protect the nozzles and fuel passages against the hot combustion gases. Air without fuel is then discharged into the combustion chamber during combustion of the vaporized fuel. An auxiliary air chamber connected to the main chamber of the air pump through a valve that is opened and closed at selected times during the cycle of the engine serves to increase the mass of gas delivered by the pump.

Abstract: A rotary internal combustion engine comprises a rotor assembly which is mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation and comprises a double-headed piston member having two primary pistons at opposite ends respectively of an intermediate portion of the piston member and also having two secondary pistons at opposite ends respectively of the intermediate portion, and a double-headed cylinder member defining two primary cylinders in which the two primary pistons are fitted respectively and also defining two secondary cylinders in which the two secondary pistons are fitted respectively. One of the members is mounted to rotate about the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly, while the other member rotates about a crank axis which is offset from the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly. Thus, the pistons reciprocate relative to the cylinders as the rotor assembly rotates.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine 10 wherein only some compression is carried out in the engine 10 and including a tank 30 of compressed air, a pressure regulator 34, a fuel injector 28, and means 40 and 50 for connecting the foot pedal 38 to the pressure regulator 34 and the fuel injector 28, for controlling air and fuel feed to the combustion chambers 22 in response to throttle demand during high power demand conditions. The engine 10 compresses its own air for cruise conditions but uses stored compressed air (charged from a wayside source) for higher power demand. The engine can use spark or heat ignition, provides full expansion, can be two or four stroke and of the diesel or gasoline type. Compressed air can be generated more efficiently using central station power with a vast savings in the amount of oil consumed. Oxygen enriched (60-80% O.sub.2) compressed air can be used without high temperature problems because of the only partial compression and the high (cooling) expansion ratio and higher rpm.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, each comprising a combustion chamber and an accumulation chamber which are interconnected to each other via an accumulation valve. The accumulation chambers are interconnected to each other via a common connecting passage. The opening operation of the accumulation valve is controlled so that the accumulation valve remains opened during the compression stroke. In the first half of the compression stroke, a jet of the combustible mixture is spouted out into the combustion chamber from the accumulation chamber to create a strong swirl motion in the combustion chamber. In the latter half of the compression stroke, the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber flows into the accumulation chamber to accumulate the combustible mixture under high pressure, which is spouted out into the combustion chamber at the next cycle.

Abstract: A four-stroke reciprocatory internal combustion engine has a scavenging phase in which air is admitted under pressure into the cylinder and has a swirl generating phase in which a high-speed jet of air is admitted under pressure into the cylinder so as to swirl air fuel mixture charge in the cylinder around the cylinder axis. The engine has, in addition to an intake valve that controls induction of air fuel mixture into the cylinder, a separate air inlet valve which effects the scavenging phase and swirl generating phase.

Abstract: A gasoline internal combustion engine is operated at all times with a full charge of air and is thus unthrottled. At low power levels for such an engine, the ratio of gasoline to air is too lean for normal combustion; therefore, special arrangements are provided by this invention for ensuring combustion.

Abstract: In a four-cycle spark-ignition internal combustion engine, knocking under a high compression ratio can be prevented by replacing the burnt gas which remains within the cylinder at the end of an exhaust stroke by a gas, such as exhaust gas, which is at a temperature approximating normal temperature, and that the ignition timing is controlled so as not to precede the knocking limit ignition point.

Abstract: A control system is adapted for an internal combustion engine in which a jet of air is injected into each combustion chamber via a second intake valve during each exhaust cycle and the subsequent intake cycle. The system comprises a source of compressed air having a pressure to be varied in accordance with the engine speed, an injection passageway leading from the source toward each second intake valve and a flow controller operated in accordance with changes in intake manifold vacuum. The flow controller includes a scheduled flow area therethrough to increase, under conditions in which the engine speed is constant, the amount of air passing through the injection passageway in accordance with increasing engine load in such a way as to increase the ratio of air flow through the injection passageway to the intake air flow to the engine under light engine load in order to cope with increasing residual gas fraction within each combustion chamber when the engine idles or operates under deceleration of the vehicle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the Otto or Diesel type, with one or several cylinders and associated reciprocating pistons in any of the conventional cylinder arrangements. The working space of every cylinder is connected by a bore with a feed line including a valve for introducing into the cylinder during a piston suction stroke an additional fluid such as air or a liquid. The bore/valve assembly may be provided at the cylinder head and/or at the lateral wall of a cylinder. The valve includes a valve chamber of a relatively large cross-sectional area. In the valve chamber is movably guided a valve member for establishing or blocking communication between the valve chamber and the cylinder working space in dependence upon the pressure within the cylinder.

Abstract: The method comprises, after the end of the normal combustion of the mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine, establishing a post-combustion by maintaining a series of high-tension sparks during a long period and introducing turbulent additional air in the vicinity of said sparks so as to form a plasma which is propagated in said residual mixture. The plasma is propagated in the cylinder from a plurality of points, that is to say partly from a point near to the spark and partly from at least another point of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder diesel internal combustion engine with a supercharger and a charging air starting arrangement which includes a starting air reservoir and a starting air distributor. An additional air reservoir is provided for storing a quantity of supplemental charging air with the additional air reservoir being selectively communicated with air inlet valves during at least an acceleration and/or sudden loading of the engine.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine having one or a plurality of cylinders with piston means movable therein wherein a controlled quantity of compressed air is introduced into the combustion chamber when the piston is substantially in its bottom dead center position and about to begin a compression stroke or an exhaust stroke or only before the beginning of an exhaust stroke. The quantity of compressed air supplied is varied in dependence upon the load or output power of the engine. At lower engine speeds or lower output power a greater quantity of compressed air is introduced before each compression stroke. At higher engine speeds or higher output power a smaller quantity of compressed air is supplied prior to each compression stroke and each exhaust stroke. The scavenging and/or supercharging air is supplied at a pressure from about 7 to 43 psig, and at a temperature below 1470.degree. F., or lower.

Abstract: An internal combustion chamber including a main combustion chamber receiving an air-fuel mixture, an auxiliary combustion chamber in communication with the main combustion chamber, and an air supply source for supplying air to the auxiliary combustion chamber. During the suction stroke of an engine piston, an air-fuel mixture is introduced into the main and auxiliary combustion chambers, and additional air from the supply source is fed to the auxiliary combustion chamber.

Abstract: A device for improving the fuel economy of new or existing internal combustion engines includes a vacuum sensing switch connected to the intake manifold of the engine, and a speed-sensing electronic circuit connected to the distributor of the engine. The device also includes a solenoid operated valve interposed between the ambient atmosphere and the positive crankcase ventilation valve normally found in an internal combustion engine. The device includes a computing circuit which operates on the information from the speed sensor and the vacuum switch to actuate the solenoid operated valve when the engine is idling, accelerating, or deaccelerating. The ambient, uncarbureted air introduced through the positive crankcase ventilation valve increases the air-to-fuel ratio within the intake manifold, thereby increasing the efficiency of the engine.

Abstract: A low pollution internal combustion engine is disclosed in which a first portion of a stratified charge is initially pre-formed in the part of the manifold which supplies the first charge portion to the cylinder, said first charge portion being pre-formed when the intake valve for the cylinder is in the closed condition, and subsequently being introduced, together with the remaining portion of the stratified charge, when the intake valve is opened during the intake stroke of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel injected heat engine of the reciprocating type wherein a piston moves reciprocally within a cylinder to compress gases for the support of combustion and to be moved by burning gases to turn a crank with torque, there being a low compression storage chamber of substantial volume normally open into the cylinder and closed by upward movement of the piston to withhold gases at combustion supporting temperature, there being a high compression auto ignition chamber of limited volume comprising the upper portion of the cylinder and isolated from said low compression chamber by said piston closure thereof for continued compression of combustion supporting gases by said piston movement to auto ignition temperature, and there being constant volume fuel injection means for injecting fuel at high pressure into the auto ignition chamber and at a progressively diminishing rate as the first mentioned storage chamber is re-opened and as the cylinder pressure decreases during the effective power stroke.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine including a combustion chamber formed in the cylinder head and having the fuel mixture introduced directly into the combustion chamber. A ventilation chamber surrounds the combustion chamber and opens directly into the combustion chamber and the cylinder, a flange on the head of the piston, progressively closing the opening into the combustion chamber as the piston approaches top dead center. The ventilation chamber may be formed as a plurality of individual chambers evenly distributed around the combustion chamber or as a recess opposite the outer periphery of the piston head. In the latter embodiment, an annular recess on the piston head, formed by the flange, adds to the volume of the ventilation chamber.

Abstract: The process comprises producing in a combustion chamber of the engine a high-tension electrical discharge, prolonging the duration of the discharge, and supplying additional air in the vicinity of the discharge so as to form a plasma and cause a post-combustion in the cylinder.An internal combustion engine is disclosed which carries out this process. The engine comprises for each cylinder a high-tension ignition spark plug and an air supply conduit in the vicinity of the high-tension electrode of the spark plug. Valve means open the conduit at least during the driving stroke of the piston. An electric supply circuit for the spark plug comprises an ignition distributor having a rotary contact of such dimension that it maintains the supply of current to the spark plug during at least a part of the expansion stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for improving the efficiency of combustion in a spark ignition four cycle internal combustion piston engine. After a fuel-air charge is inducted into the cylinder(s), gas is injected at moderate pressure into the cylinder at a level below the spark plug, while the pressure in the cylinder is low. Preferred gas injection timing is from about the time the piston completes the intake stroke until the piston is about half-way through its compression stroke. Air and/or engine exhaust may comprise the injected gases. Valves and conduit for controlling the injection are provided as a sub-assembly which can be fitted to existing engines and use the engine camshaft for correct actuation.

Abstract: A method of controlling the timing of ignition in an internal combustion engine comprising cylinders and reciprocating pistons and having a supply of fuel and air to the cylinders by determining the conditions of temperature and/or pressure within at least one of the cylinders when the engine is operating under the desired conditions, said determination being made at a position of the piston when the conditions of temperature and/or pressure are less than maximum, and when the engine is loaded rather than idling. These measured conditions are then monitored to detect any variations in temperature and/or pressure, and the desired conditions of temperature and/or pressure are then restored to the cylinder whenever variations therein are detected by adjusting the amount of air supplied to the cylinder.

Abstract: A device for correcting the proportioning of the air/petrol mixture furnished by a proportioning means to an internal combustion engine comprising a probe producing a signal which is a function of the oxygen or carbon monoxide content of engine exhaust gas and an auxiliary air admission valve downstream of the air/petrol proportioning means, this valve being periodically operable by control means sensitive to said signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for the introduction of a combustible mixture into a conventional cylinder of a conventional internal combustion engine. In addition to the conventional camshaft-controlled intake valve, an inlet check valve that is responsive to the pressure within the cylinder is provided. The inlet valve admits combustion air from the surroundings to the cylinder when the piston of the cylinder is in its suction strike, and it is closed off when the piston is in the compression, power, and exhaust strokes. Means can be provided to control the amount of air available to be admitted by the inlet valve in dependence upon the RPM of the engine. Also, a plurality of inlet valves may be provided, as well as a means for sequentially supplying air to them as a function of the engine RPM or only above a certain RPM.

Abstract: A piston type internal combustion engine operating on the stratified charge principle with the object of nonpolluting combustion wherein the engine has a standard valve-charging with a rich mixture. After admission of the rich mixture a quantity of air is introduced into the combustion region opposite the spark plug, before ignition, through the exhaust valve opening or by an independent valve opening into the combustion chamber or a precombustion chamber. The introduction of air can be effected either by the exhaust valve with a precombustion chamber being associated with the inlet valve or exhaust valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine provided with a supercharging system in which each cylinder head of the engine cylinders is provided with a valve controlled subordinate port connected to a pressurized intake air supply source, and valve actuating means actuates each valve of the subordinate inlet ports shortly before the piston within each cylinder comes into a compression stroke thereof so that the pressurized air flowing into the cylinder agitates and attenuates the fuel mixture sucked from the valve controlled inlet port.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a first exhaust valve arranged in an exhaust port in the exhaust system of said internal combustion engine, and a second exhaust valve arranged in the exhaust port downstream from said first exhaust valve, the timing of the opening of the first exhaust valve being earlier than that of the second exhaust valve, whereby the two valves temporarily form a secondary combustion chamber therebetween.

Abstract: A downdraft type carburetor having a conventional idle speed air/fuel mixture channel has an air/fuel mixing chamber that mixes the idle channel air/fuel mixture with idle bypass air from the main induction passage, the mixing chamber being connected to discharge into the induction passage below the throttle valve through a nozzle containing an orifice sized with respect to a larger orifice in the air bypass passage to provide a pressure differential creating sonic flow, the nozzle extending so that the sonic flow is followed by a shock wave, the turbulence created atomizing the fuel.