Abstract: A cylinder head, more preferably a piston, of an internal combustion engine is provided on its compression face with a substantially central bowl and a plurality of discrete squish jet channels circumferentially spaced about the bowl. Each of the channels is open to the compression face along its full length from an inlet end to a discharge end opening into the bowl. The channels provide the main paths for fluid flow from the areas on compression face surrounding the bowl into the bowl. The piston and cylinder are so shaped that as the piston approaches top dead center position the air fuel mixture is forced from the compression face into and along the channels from the inlet end to the discharge end and are discharged as interacting jets into the bowl and increase the turbulence in the air fuel mixture in the bowl.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has first and second cylinders (12, 14), the first cylinder (12) having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder (14) and the second cylinder being formed in the crown of the first cylinder. First and second pistons (16, 18) are reciprocable respectively in the first and second cylinders (12, 14), the second piston (18) being formed as a protrusion on the crown of the first piston (16). A combustion chamber (20) is formed in the second piston (18) with an air port (44) opening into the first cylinder (12) and a second port (40) opening into the second cylinder (14). A first inlet is provided (25) for supplying air or the like into the first cylinder (12) during an induction stroke of the first piston (16) together with a fuel inlet (36) for supplying fuel to said second cylinder (14).

Abstract: An improved apparatus and technique for providing increased efficiency and relatively pollutant free operation of internal combustion engines. An internal combustion engine's gas cycle is refined by forming a secondary balancing non-combusting chamber within the main combustion chamber of each cylinder. The balancing chamber is constructed on a piston surface or within the piston body and operates as a pressure exchange or wave generator during the gas cycle of the internal combustion engine. This permits control of the pressure and temperature within the combustion chamber during the liberation of heat caused by combustion of fuel and air on the power cycle of the engine. The apparatus, the balancing chamber, controls pressure and temperature during this cycle by introducing expansion and compression waves, in the combustion zone during burning of the fuel, that follow one another in sequence without interruption throughout the entire power cycle of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A combustion system for internal combustion engines having a cylinder, at least one piston reciprocal in the cylinder and a combustion chamber with three regions for improving the combustion process, the piston having a piston head with an outer perimeter portion, a central recessed portion and a baffle with ports arranged over the recessed portion, the piston cooperating with a cylinder head or the head of an opposed piston to form an induction region that diminishes in volume as the piston approaches top dead center forcing gases in the combustion chamber through a central region defined primarily by the ports in the baffle to the dispersing region in the recessed portion of the piston, and a fuel injection system with an injector that delivers a staged series of fuel pulses in each cycle.

Abstract: Combustion chamber assembly of direct injection diesel engine comprising a cylinder head, a cylinder liner, an injection nozzle and a piston with a combustion chamber on its top. An air flow guide ring is provided in the combustion chamber assembly. The guide ring is arranged under and adjacent to the bottom surface of the cylinder and around the nozzle. The front end of the nozzle protrudes from the bottom of the guide ring. The peripheral surface of the guide ring acts as an air flow guide surface to lead the air squish. The air flow guide surface inclines in relation to the bottom surface of the cylinder head and its inclination angle is in the range of 30-70 degrees.

Abstract: A fuel injection and gasifying system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The combustion system includes a piston assembly with a piston furnished with a gasifying chamber, a cylinder which contains the combustion apparatus, a crank assembly with a crankcase, an injection apparatus, and a control apparatus. The crank assembly manipulates the piston assembly between a first position and a second position. The injection apparatus delivers a fuel mixture to the combustion system, and is positioned such that, when the piston assembly is in the first position, the injection apparatus opens into the gasifying chamber, and when the piston assembly is in the second position, the injection apparatus opens into the crankcase. The control apparatus controls the operation of injection apparatus. When the temperature of the gasifying chamber is below the vaporizing temperature of the fuel the fuel is injected into the crankcase.

Abstract: Wall surfaces which define essentially circular recesses are constructed to deflect the flow of burning gases from a swirl chamber in a manner to either tighten the swirl formed therein or to improve the initial splitting of the frame in a manner which increases the amount of gases which are induced to undergo swirling in the recesses.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a pair of first and second cylinders (12,14) communicating with a combustion chamber (20) the first cylinder having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder. First and second pistons (16,18) are provided in the cylinders. An inlet port is provided in the first cylinder for delivering a charge of unthrottled fuel while a fuel injector (36) is controlled by a control means (37) to deliver a charge of fuel into the second cylinder (14) as soon as possible after commencement of an induction stroke of the second piston. Movement of the fuel/air mixture from the second cylinder (14) into the combustion chamber (20) is prevented until the second piston (18) is at or near its inner dead center position. The second piston (18) may be formed as a protrusion on the crown of the first piston (16) with the second cylinder (14) being an extension of the first cylinder (12).

Abstract: A combustion chamber, designed for compression ignition internal combustion engines, solves the problem of distribution and whirling of fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine and from this the resulting easier ignition of fuel mixture, optimum increase in the combustion pressures with optimum layout of the valve gear and the intake and exhaust channels in a simplified design of the cylinder head enabled by the larger eccentricity of the injection jet. A rotary combustion chamber is formed in the piston head, the bottom of the chamber formed by a rotary peripheral surface and rotary internal surface with a circular barrier. Ratios between the depth of the rotary peripheral surface and the depth of the top of the barrier, the largest diameter of the rotary internal surface and the largest diameter of the rotary peripheral surface, and the depth of both rotary surfaces are defined in specific ranges.

Abstract: In a valve-controlled internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection and a swirling air charge, a combustion chamber is located in the piston and is configured as a toroidal part ending in a throat-like cylindrical part towards the piston top. A narrow, ring-shaped overflow passage leads from the toroidal part to the cylindrical part of the combustion chamber. The proposal is put forward that the thermal and fluid-mechanical parameters be improved by placing the axis of the combustion chamber between the tip of the injection nozzle and the cylinder axis, and by varying the width of the ring-shaped overflow passage. The narrowest part of said overflow passage lying in the area closest to the tip of the nozzle, and further, the top of the center part is unsymmetrical, with a minimum distance to the injection jets at upper dead center of the piston.

Abstract: A combustion chamber formed in the crown of a piston for an indirect injection diessel engine is described the combustion chamber having an elongate entry channel adjacent the gas efflux of a precombustion chamber, the channel leading into four branches which generate vortices in the burning charge and which vortices are coherent and mutually self-reinforcing.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced wire set along the edge of an open combustion chamber, which is provided in the piston head of a piston, is remelted with the edge of the combustion chamber, and solidified in order to reinforce the edge of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A direct injection internal combustion engine of the diesel or spark ignition type is provided with a combustion bowl recess in the head end of the piston having both a polygonal lip and a polygonal bowl with upwardly and inwardly curving reentrant sides to provide high turbulence for fuel air mixing during an extended portion of the piston compression stroke and improved combustion of the air/fuel mixture.

Abstract: A direct injection-type diesel engine includes a piston head formed with a novel piston combustion chamber, with an inner wall surface composed essentially of ceramic material having a low thermal conductivity. The combustion chamber has a reduced opening diameter to enhance a squish air flow out of the clearance space between the piston and the cylinder head, and allows significant reduction of smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon and particulates in the exhaust gas, as well as minimization of thermal loss of the engine.

Abstract: A piston head has a cavity and a central projection projecting into the cavity. A ceramic insert is cast in a piston body so as to cover a piston head portion defining the cavity except the central projection-and-its adjacent piston head portion. The ceramic insert has an edge defining a hole through which the central projection projects into the ceramic insert. In one form of the embodiment, a clearance is provided between the edge of the ceramic insert and the central projection-and-its adjacent piston head portion.

Abstract: Pistons for internal combustion engines, particularly compression ignition engines. The pistons have insulating crowns and include a crown having a cap thereon, extending over the crown surface area, the crown cap being composed of an iron-based or a nickel-based alloy and having on the underside thereof ribs which are encast into an aluminium alloy which forms the piston body. The crown cap further includes a ceramic insert encapsulated therein. The ceramic insert may also be leached out by chemical means to leave a void in the cap.

Abstract: A piston for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is provided with a reaction chamber (44, 144) communicating with a recessed area (42, 142) of the piston through a restricted continuous slot orifice (46, 146) that is configured to create a choked fluid flow condition between the combustion chamber (30, 130) and the reaction chamber at all engine operating speeds. Fuel is supplied to the reaction chamber and undergoes a controlled, cold frame reaction process while in intimate contact with the crown portion (54) of the piston (14). The reaction produces fuel radicals in sufficient quantity to seed subsequent fuel charges to properly condition the charge for predetermined desired ignition and combustion characteristics.

Abstract: The major portion of a flame which ejects from a swirl chamber by way of a transfer passage, is subject to first and second deflections. The first occurs close to TDC, the second after the piston has decended a predetermined amount. A minor portion of the flame which tends to flow in a direction essentially the reverse of the main one, encounters a curved deflection wall portion and is thereafter subject to guidance by guide members which induce the flame to blend with the air located proximate the location of the transfer passage opens into the combustion chamber. A variation of the basic arrangement includes the provision of a squish generating projection which promotes suitable mixing turbulence near the curved deflection wall portion.

Abstract: A four-stroke piston engine in which air is drawn into a cylinder while rotary motion about the cylinder axis is imparted to the air. Fuel may be blown/injected into the air during its rotation in the cylinder while the fuel supply is located on the axis of the cylinder and supplies at least one jet of fuel initially directed radially outwardly and which jet of fuel in cooperation with the rotating air forms at least one helical stream of mixture within the cylinder, preferably during the compression stroke, which is transformed into a coherent mixture zone enclosed by a ring of air upon completion of compression. The piston may have a recess so that when the piston approaches top dead center an enriched zone is formed in the lower region of the compression space which can be ignited by electrodes disposed in said lower region of the compression space.

Abstract: In a swirl chamber type combustion chamber for a diesel engine having an injection passage provided for to guide the stream of combustion gas gradually spreading right and left during the injection from the swirl chamber to the main combustion chamber, a top surface of a piston head is provided with a concavity formed in such a configuration as gradually spreading right and left as progressing from the inlet end to the outlet end thereof, for example like an unfolded-fan. And the inlet end of the concavity is located so as to face to the outlet of the injection passage. The stream of combustion gas injected from the injection passage is to be guided so as to be sufficiently diffused in the main combustion chamber by the concavity.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the fuel economy and noxious emission levels of a gaseous fueled engine by the use of a combustion chamber in a flat topped piston which is smaller in area and deeper than the combustion chamber in a conventional piston. The chamber is offset from the central axis of the piston to cause the squish velocity of the combustion mixture to be high in the vicinity of an ignition device. Also, the chamber is non-circular in shape to create higher turbulence throughout the combustion region.

Abstract: The piston of an internal combustion engine has an odd number of sockets formed in the top surface thereof. With the piston in its top dead center position, a thin slit is formed between the cylinder head and the top of the piston. The sockets form acoustical chambers for detonation waves which may be generated in the cylinder such that with the piston in its top dead center position, these detonation waves travel in random fashion between the acoustical chambers formed by the sockets thereby attenuating such waves and minimizing the effects of detonation.

Abstract: In a valve-controlled compression-ignition engine with direct fuel injection and an intake passage inducing the inflowing air to rotate around the cylinder axis, an ideal combustion system has been found, combining the advantages of a diesel engine with direct fuel injection and an open combustion recess and those of a diesel engine with a pre-combustion or swirl chamber, while eliminating the main disadvantages of these two basic types. According to the proposals put forward by this invention the restricted passage or throat in the center area of the combustion chamber is bounded by means of a rotationally symmetric center part, whose lower end forms part of the toroidal combustion chamber, and whose top remains slightly below the fuel jet at the upper dead center of the piston, and which constitutes the inner boundary of the narrow ring-shaped scavenge passage leading from the combustion recess to the cylindrical throat, or rather to the cylinder itself.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement whereby performance of an internal combustion engine, an Otto cycle engine in particular, is increased by the provision of two distinct in-piston combustion chambers (2, 3) per cylinder these take the form of pockets (4, 5) dissimilar in volume, sunk into the crown (6) of each piston (1) in position directly beneath the inlet and exhaust valves (7, 8) and provided each with a spark plug (13). In a preferred embodiment, such pockets (4, 5) exhibit the shape of sector to an annulus, and their side walls (9, 10) are splayed in such a way as to enhance circulation and escape of combustion gases.

Abstract: There is disclosed a spark-ignition engine having a combustion chamber in which cavities are formed. The cavities are in communication with each other via a communication passage. Air-fuel mixture is appropriately held in the cavities. Spark plugs are disposed near the centers of the cavities to ignite the mixture at plural positions. At the top dead center, the clearance between the top surface of the piston and the lower surface of the cylinder head is made small to minimize useless space. A large squish area is provided to effectively collect the mixture in the cavities. Since the combustible mixture is always held in the vicinities of the spark plugs, stable and rapid combustion can be realized.

Abstract: According to the invention, a combustion chamber for internal combustion engines is constructed by forming a combustion chamber recessed in the head portion of a piston, and disposing therein a fuel injection nozzle means that atomizes and supplies the fuel thereinto in such a manner that the plural number of fuel mists formed by the fuel injection nozzle means will strike the inner wall of the combustion chamber at intervals at the outside of the swirl generated in the combustion chamber but adhere to the combustion chamber inner wall flowing in the direction of the swirl. Therefore, the fuel so supplied does not cool the combustion chamber inner wall excessively, and itself is heated by the heat of the inner wall as well as by the heat of the compressed air so to vaporize easily, so that favorable dispersion and distribution of the mixture gas within the combustion chamber is ensured, developing stabilized power output and sustaining favorable combustion while suppressing the exhaust of HC and NOx.

Abstract: In a combustion chamber structure in a direct injection type diesel engine, in order to prevent flames from flowing out to a quench zone Q from a combustion chamber (32) which opens to a top part (30a) of a piston (30) to thereby prevent cooling of the flames and also in order to prevent a fuel spray from being concentrated on a lower portion of the combustion chamber (32), the fuel spray should be reflected in the combustion chamber (32) effectively according to displacement of the piston (30) to allow it to be mixed with air sufficiently in the combustion chamber (32) or in a cylinder (28), and to this end there are provided a guide wall (34) which becomes larger in inside diameter downwardly from an opening edge portion (33) of the combustion chamber (32), as well as fuel reflection walls (36, 38) which project below the guide wall (34) toward a central axis (lo) of the combustion chamber (32) and divide the combustion chamber vertically into a first combustion chamber (44) and a second combustion chamber

Abstract: Conventional direct-injection internal combustion engines having a fuel injector with multiple fuel spray orifices will not completely ignite and burn relatively lower-cetane-number alternative fuels such as 100 percent methanol or ethanol. That is because the fuel spray injection pattern, per se, usually cannot carry or propagate a flame to all the injected fuel which is typically made up of individual fuel streams which are separated by sectors of fuel-deficient intake air. The present fuel combustion system (10) includes a multiple-orifice fuel injector (22), a baffle (138) having a concave surface (146), and a fuel ignition-initiating device (22) such as glow plug positioned generally in spaced relation between the fuel injector (22) and the concave surface (146).

Abstract: A new piston design is disclosed for use in internal combustion engines. The invention consists of a piston that has a turbine insert installed inside an internal cavity. The turbine insert has a set of turbine blades mounted under the piston head. The piston head has an inlet port, located in the center of the piston head, and a series of outlet ports concentrically placed around the perimeter of the piston head. In practice, the air fuel mixture in the cylinder is forced into the piston through the piston inlet port as the piston is moved towards the cylinder head during the compression stroke. The air fuel mixture is then swirled by the turbine blades within the piston and then forced out of the piston through the outlet ports. One embodiment of the invention uses angled outlet ports that help direct the air/fuel mixture to the center of the cylinder. A second embodiment of the invention disloses a threaded turbine assembly instead of the pin-held insert of the first embodiment.

Abstract: In a piston for internal combustion engines the piston head is formed with a combustion chamber recess and is provided with a heat-insulating layer of ceramic material. To minimize the heat to be dissipated to the coolant, one part of the heat-insulating layer consists of a solid ceramic insert and the other part consists of a ceramic coating.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection includes at least one cylinder in which is slidable a piston the crown of which has a cavity constituting at least part of the combustion chamber of the cylinder, and a fuel injector with a nozzle having several holes facing the cavity in the piston and oriented so that its axis is at an angle of between 15.degree. and 30.degree. to the axis of the cylinder. The cavity in the crown of the piston has an inclined flat base wall which is oriented perpendicularly to the axis of the injector, and a mouth which is centered on the axis of the cylinder.

Abstract: An air-compressing reciprocating piston-equipped internal combustion engine comprises, in a piston head of the piston, a cavity being axially symmetrical about a central cavity axis and constituting a combustion chamber, as well as a fuel injection nozzle for injecting fuel directly into the said cavity. The nozzle has a longitudinal nozzle axis which encloses with the central cavity axis an acute angle. In order to generate a rotary motion of an air charge fed into the said cavity, there is provided a correspondingly designed air-feeding unit.

Abstract: An air-compressing reciprocating piston-equipped internal combustion engine comprises, in the frontal face of a piston head, a rotation-symmetrical cavity as a combustion chamber, a fuel-feeding unit generating a rotary motion of the air charge entering the cavity, and a fuel injection unit. The fuel injection unit is provided with an injection nozzle for injecting fuel directly into the cavity constituting the combustion chamber. In order to achieve a higher degree of efficiency, a decrease of the emission of polluting gases and of noise, as well as a relief of the mechanically highly stressed parts of the engine, the rotary motion of the air charge generated by the fuel-feeding unit is given a swirl number of about 1.5 to 2.5. Furthermore, the diameter (d) of the combustion chamber-constituting cavity is between about 55 to 75% of the diameter (D) of the cylinder, and finally, the fuel injection nozzle has at least four orifices.

Abstract: An improved diesel engine is provided wherein clean air is blown past compression ring seals to prevent particulate matter in combustion gases from entering between a cylinder wall or liner and a piston sidewall. The diesel engine includes at least one cylinder, a piston reciprocatingly mounted in the cylinder, a combustion air port, an exhaust gas port, a fuel injector proximate the cylinder head, and at least two compression ring seals. A clean air port communicates with the cylinder wall for conducting pressurized clean air into the cylinder. A chamber is disposed in the piston and includes a port substantially centered on the piston crown, and a blow-by port on the piston sidwall bounded by the two compression ring seals. The clean air port is spaced from the combustion air port such that when the piston is proximate the bottom-dead-center position of its stroke and combustion air is conducted into the cylinder, the compression ring seals bounding the blow-by port also bound the clean air port.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine is disclosed which comprises a piston main body having an opening in the top surface thereof and a cavity forming member having a combustion chamber form the top surface thereof which is mounted in the opening of the piston main body. The diameter of the cavity forming member is less then the diameter of the piston main body and the top surface of the cavity forming member is in alignment with the top surface of the piston main body. A piston pin is mounted in the piston main body and the cavity forming member is supported by the piston pin. Further a connecting rod is connected to the piston pin whereby the connecting rod is coupled to the main piston body.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine comprising a piston (1) having a combustion bowl (3) recessed in the crown of the piston and a plurality of arcuate recesses (7) formed in the side wall (6) of the bowl spaced apart by arcuate intermediate portions of the side wall, swirl means to cause the inlet air to rotate about the axis of the bowl, and fuel injection means (2) that serves to direct a plurality of fuel jets radially of the bowl each towards a corresponding recess (7), the piston is characterized in that the ratio of the maximum distance by which each recess (7) extends radially into the side wall (6) compared with the radius of the side wall (6), lies within the range 0.10 to 0.20.

Abstract: Closed organ pipe resonance is induced in the cylinder of a piston I.C. engine by using a resonating mass of gas in a chamber in the piston adjacent its working face, the chamber and cylinder volume being connected by a restricted orifice. The organ pipe resonance is induced during the expansion part of the combustion cycle to cause intimate mixing of the reacting fuel and air charge.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine piston and combustion chamber are configured to produce controlled reaction of the fuel supplied to the working chamber with prolonged supply of air to the reaction zone over the combustion/expansion part of the engine operating cycle. After an axially stratified charge, with little or no fuel near the piston working face, is established in the working chamber of the engine, part of the air is transferred during the compression of the charge into an air chamber near the working face of the piston which communicates with the working chamber through a restricted gap orifice.

Abstract: Projecting parts of the piston and the cylinder head are formed in such a manner that two portions of the piston surface are spaced from the inner surface of the cylinder head and a third portion of the piston surface is next to the inner surface of the cylinder head when the piston is at the upper dead center point, said third portion of the surface comprising a zone which is at a distance from the inner surface of the cylinder head and forming a connecting surface between said two first portion, these latter forming, with the cylinder head, respectively, an initial combustion zone and an expansion zone for the gases originating from the combustion, while the connecting zone together with the cylinder head forms an opening for the passage of said gases from the first zone, guiding these latter along the cylinder head toward a wall of the expansion zone, the outline of which, in a plane containing the axis of the above-mentioned opening, is a line which is curved in the direction of the opening forming the me

Abstract: A four-stroke piston engine in which air or a fuel-air mixture is drawn into a cylinder. Fuel may be injected into the air in the cylinder while a further fuel supply is located on the axis of the cylinder and supplies at least one jet of fuel during the compression stroke, which jet of fuel in cooperation with the fuel-air mixture forms at least one zone of enriched mixture within the cylinder. The piston may have a recess in the upper end into which the nozzle carrier is partially received when the piston approaches top dead center. An ignitable mixture is formed in the recess or in the region of said recess which can be ignited by electrodes disposed adjacent the further fuel supply.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion chamber in a direct-injection diesel engine. The combustion chamber has a restriction at its inlet and a plurality of recesses in a side surface thereof. Atomized streams of fuel are injected at equal angular intervals from a fuel nozzle having injection ports which are one more than the recesses. The recesses make the piston top surface thinner, and would thermally destruct stepped portions of valve clearances defined in the piston for intake and exhaust valves. To prevent this, the stepped portions of the valve clearances are displaced off the recesses. The side surface of the combustion chamber with which the atomized fuel collides is inclined at an angle of 45.degree. with respect to the piston top surface. With the above construction, good and quiet fuel combustion can be achieved throughout the full range of engine rotation.

Abstract: A direct injection internal combustion engine of compression ignition type is provided with a piston cavity offset from the piston center and with an injection nozzle which injects a hollow conical fuel spray having a tangential velocity component and relatively weak penetration into a swirl set up in the combustion chamber. The injection geometry and the offset are such that squish and swirl flows interact to form an excellent air-fuel mixture over the whole volume of the cavity without forming local fuel concentrations or wetting the cavity wall.

Abstract: An air-compressing, direct injection internal combustion engine in which the piston is formed with a combustion chamber in the shape of a solid of revolution and a constricted throat opening, and where mixture formation is predominantly by fuel deposition on the walls of the combustion chamber. The function of the internal combustion engine is proposed to be improved so that, by influencing the squish flow occurring as air in inducted into the combustion chamber, improved performance is obtained, especially in the lower and medium speed ranges of the engine. According to the new proposal, this is essentially achieved by forming the throat opening with an oval cross-section, adopting defined fuel jet directions when injecting the fuel, as well as keeping the location of the fuel discharge point within a defined area.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder (1), a cylinder head (2) a piston (3) with a combustion chamber (4) having a conical side wall (6) tapered at an angle of 30.degree. to 60.degree. toward a throat (7), and injection nozzles (5) for delivering fuel to the side wall (6) of the combustion chamber (7) the injection nozzle (5) being disposed eccentrically with respect to the center of the throat (7). An angle .gamma. between projections onto the cross section of the combustion chamber of a pair of adjacently spaced outlets (10 and 11) for delivering fuel to the closest to the injection nozzle (5) portion of the side wall (6) of the combustion chamber (4) is 1.8-2.2 times as large as an angle .delta. between the projections onto the same plane of axes of any pair of adjacently spaced outlets for delivering fuel to the farthermost from the injection nozzle (5) portion of the side wall (6) of the combustion chamber (4).

Abstract: An internal combustion piston engine comprises a cylinder with a cylinder bore therein; a cylinder head mounted on said cylinder; a piston reciprocably movable in said cylinder bore, and a main combustion chamber formed between the cylinder head and the piston. At least one secondary combustion chamber is arranged to be connected at least temporarily to the main combustion chamber via at least one connecting channel whereby different compressions and hence different pressure rises occur during the compression stroke or the expansion stroke of the piston in the main combustion chamber or in the secondary combustion chamber. Control means are arranged in the zone of the connecting channel to enable the flow of the gases, which are under a higher pressure, from the main combustion chamber into the secondary combustion chamber or vice versa, to generate velocity fields which improve the turbulence, in particular in the quench zones of the main combustion chamber, and hence improve the combustion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder head formed with a wedge shaped cylinder head recess which has on its one side closer to a spark plug a steeply inclined roof surface of about 38.degree. to 40.degree. inclination and on its other side a gently inclined roof surface of about 5.degree. to 20.degree. inclination formed with an intake valve opening, and a piston formed with a piston recess which generally mates with the cylinder head recess and which has on its one side closer to the spark plug an inclined side surface of about 45.degree. inclination. The planar surface portion of the piston crown and the planar surface portion of the cylinder head on opposite sides of the recessed portions mutually define a relatively large squish area on the side of the gently inclined roof surface and a relatively small squish area on the side of the steeply inclined roof surface. A helical port is connected to the intake valve opening so as to generate a swirl flow of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A late injection direct injection stratified charge spark ignition engine is provided with a catalytic grid disposed in the path of injected fuel spray and downstream of the point of spark ignition to assist the completion of combustion of previously ignited fuel spray as well as to ignite and cause the combustion of previously unignited fuel elements passing therethrough. Improved combustion and reduced hydrocarbons emissions are anticipated.

Abstract: A direct injection type internal combustion engine includes a centrifugal injector having its port facing a recess formed in a combustion chamber. The injector is arranged such that its axis of injection fails to intersect the central axis of the recess but extends at an inclination with respect to the same. In an embodiment typifying the invention, the following relationship is satisfied: ##EQU1## in which: D designates the maximum distance between facing sides of said recess; wherein with respect to a first transverse plane containing the location of the maximum distance D of said recess and a second plane intersecting said first transverse plane at a right angle, being parallel to the axis of sprays of the swirl injector and containing the center of the recess on the first transverse plane, .beta.

Abstract: An energy conversion cycle for an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine capable of carrying out the process to produce work, the process characterized by the steps of forming fuel and air charges having fuel to air proportions varying from stoichiometric at full engine power to excess air at less than full engine power conditions; increasing by compression the density and activation of the molecules of the charges supplied to a variable volume working chamber in which fuel and oxygen in the air are reacted to produce thermal potential; controlling fuel and air distribution in the working chamber so that the excess air portion of each charge is located in an air reservoir chamber that is separated from the reaction area by an open partition area separating the working and air reservoir chambers; and through the partition area, controlling availability of oxygen in the working chamber during the reaction while permitting the oxygen to be activated in a specific manner by molecular interac

Abstract: An externally auto-ignited four-stroke internal combustion engine which includes a combustion chamber disposed in an upper surface of a piston such that, in an upper dead-center position of the piston, the combustion chamber receives almost all of the fuel-air mixture. The combustion chamber includes a planar bottom portion and has a cross-sectional shape of a truncated cone expanding in a direction of the cylinder head. The internal combustion engine also includes a recess or depression provided in the cylinder head and disposed eccentrically with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the cylinder. The depression or recess in the cylinder head has the shape of a truncated cone expanding in a direction of the piston, with a spark plug projecting or penetrating into the recess or depression in the cylinder head.