Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle has at least one cylinder for accommodating a piston and at least one pre-chamber spark plug allocated to the combustion chamber of the cylinder. The engine also has a pre-chamber, fluidically connected with the combustion chamber via several openings, in which at least one ignition spark is generable by the pre-chamber spark plug. At the induction stroke of the internal combustion engine, a rinsing of the pre-chamber with inlet gas including at least fuel and air occurs, so that, at the ignition point, an ignitable mixture of fuel and air is accommodated in the pre-chamber.

Abstract: An insulator arrangement for a spark plug arrangement, in particular for a prechamber spark plug, with an elongated body that has an insulator arrangement longitudinal bore for accommodating a center electrode arrangement and has a front end. A sealing shoulder is formed on an outer circumferential section of the body. An axial transition section is formed between the sealing shoulder and the front end of the body. The front end of the body is designed such that at least 50% of a gas flow impinging thereon in a first direction is deflected in a direction opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A 2-cycle, direct-injection diesel engine configured to accommodate low cetane diesel and jet fuels. The engine includes combustion chambers having surfaces which are operable at high temperatures during engine operation to increase the combustion rate of low cetane fuels. The engine is further configured to reduce starting times in cold and/or low pressure situations such as those experienced during attempts to restart a plane engine at relatively high altitudes.

Abstract: A combustion chamber in an engine includes a piston and an injector with plurality of orifices arranged to inject spray/flame plumes, which impinge on a piston outer bowl section during most of the injection. Between spray/flame plume impingement areas and in a plane substantially perpendicular to reciprocal piston movement are arranged a first type of protrusions protruding into the combustion chamber, having a smooth form for preserving kinetic energy in the flame and for redirecting circumferential flame progress mainly towards a center axis of the piston with minimal flame-to-flame interaction. A second type of protrusions are arranged in the impingement areas, being adapted for redirecting flame progress into a circumferential flame progress direction in a plane substantially perpendicular to the reciprocal piston movement and with minimal flame-to-piston wall interaction and minimal kinetic energy loss.

Abstract: A combustion system for a direct-injection, spark-ignition engine is disclosed. A side-mounted fuel injector located outboard the intake valves directs multiple fuel jets into a shallow, spherical bowl formed in a domed piston. Both good mixing to facilitate good air utilization with early injection and an ignitable mixture at the spark plug with late injection to facilitate cold start are provided with such a combustion system. Because the bowl is smooth and shallow, the surface area of the combustion chamber is less than with a deeper bowl of complicated shape. Lowering surface area in the combustion chamber leads to improved fuel economy.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, including a main combustion chamber serving as a main combustion chamber, an auxiliary combustion chamber adjacent to the main combustion chamber and smaller in capacity than the main combustion chamber, and a partition wall between the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber, the partition wall including an injection hole by which the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber communicate. A fuel supply device supplies fuel to the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber. A mixture forming device forms a mixture of air and the supplied fuel in the main combustion chamber, away from the partition wall before ignition. An ignition device ignites the fuel in the auxiliary combustion chamber, propelling an ejecting torch flame into the mixture of air and fuel in the main combustion chamber through the injection hole, thereby burning the mixture of air and fuel in the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diesel engine and methods and apparatus for premixing diesel fuel and oxidant for combustion. The methods and apparatus may include a two stage vortex, each stage accommodating different flow rate ranges. The vortex pulverizes diesel fuel and optimally mixes the diesel fuel with an oxidant prior to introduction into a combustion chamber. The premixing results in more complete combustion and, consequently, fuel efficiency is increased and pollution is decreased.

Abstract: An ignition system of an internal combustion engine, of a motor vehicle in particular, having at least one device for igniting a jet of a fuel/air mixture which has a chamber enclosing a process space in which the ignition of the fuel/air mixture takes place. The chamber has a device for enriching the process space with oxygen radicals.

Abstract: A tube for directing fluid along a path that includes a bend. The tube comprising a conduit having a first aperture, a second aperture, and a bend portion adjacent the second aperture. An outer bend surface is integrally formed as part of the conduit to at least partially define the second aperture. An insert includes at least a portion of an inner bend surface and is disposed at least partially within the second aperture such that the outer bend surface and the inner bend surface cooperate to at least partially define the bend.

Abstract: The invention concerns an internal combustion engine with at least one engine member, the engine member including a combustion chamber (4) of a combustible mixture with fuel components and oxidants, an ignition system of the combustible mixture by an igniter (7), sequential let-through devices for the fuel and oxidant components and for the combustion products, the engine being of the supercharging type by boost pressure of the oxidant components upstream of the engine member. According to the invention, the ignition system includes a closed head (6) (12a) substantially spherical enclosing the igniter in a precombustion chamber, the head including a set of orifices (5) intended to communicate the combustion chamber and the precombustion chamber so that combustible mixture may flow into the precombustion chamber. In a variation of the invention, at least one of the let-through devices is a direct injector in the combustion chamber for, in all or in part, the fuel components and/or fuels.

Abstract: The invention concerns an internal combustion engine with at least one engine member, the engine member including a combustion chamber (4) of a combustible mixture with fuel and oxidant components fitted with a compression system (9), an ignition system (7) of the combustible mixture by an igniter, sequential let-through devices for the fuel and oxidant components and for the combustion products. According to the invention, the ignition system includes a closed head (6)(12a) substantially spherical enclosing the igniter in a precombustion chamber, the head including a set of orifices (5) intended to communicate the combustion chamber and the precombustion chamber so that combustible mixture may flow into the precombustion chamber, and at least one of the let-through devices is a direct injector in the combustion chamber for the fuel and/or oxidant components, in all or in part. A method and an application are also described.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine is provided. The engine includes a main combustion chamber in fluid communication with a prechamber. The method comprises the step of varying the volume within the prechamber during a portion of a compression stroke of the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carburetor arrangement for an internal combustion engine (1) which drives a work apparatus. The engine (1) has an intake channel (3) leading through a carburetor (2). The intake channel (3) includes an intake opening (4) on the side of the carburetor (2) facing away from the engine (1). A baffle wall (5) is provided and covers the intake opening (4) at least partially. The baffle wall (5) is mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) at a spacing to the intake opening (4). The baffle wall (5) and the intake opening (4) define a baffle enclosure (7) disposed therebetween. At least a first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5) is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) in such a manner that fuel droplets (9), which exit from the intake channel (3) and which impinge on the first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5), form a fuel film (10).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a compression chamber that is delimited by fixed housing walls and a movable piston mounted therein, and a porous component that fills the combustion chamber, which is separate from the compression chamber. The combustion of fuel and air takes place exclusively within the porous component. The compression chamber is connected to the combustion chamber only via an overflow cross-section designed to allow the transfer of combustion gases created during combustion from the combustion chamber into the compression chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising a compression chamber (3) that is delimited by fixed housing walls (1, 2) and a movable piston (5) mounted therein, and a porous component (4) that fills the combustion chamber (6), which is separate from the compression chamber (3). The combustion of fuel and air takes place exclusively within the porous component (4). The compression chamber (3) is connected to the combustion chamber (6) only via an overflow cross-section (8) designed to allow the transfer of combustion gases created during combustion from the combustion chamber (6) into the compression chamber (3).

Abstract: An injection device for an internal combustion engine, especially a diesel engine, with a combustion chamber (16) for each defined by piston (2), cylinder and cylinder head (1), a multi-hole injection nozzle (5) and a shroud (3) projecting from the cylinder head (1) into the combustion chamber (16) and surrounding the nozzle (5) in such a way that a precombustion chamber is formed between shroud (3) and piston (2) at TDC, and a combustion process for an internal combustion engine, especially for a diesel engine, with an injection device as described hereinabove, wherein combined direct and swirl-chamber injection takes place in the vicinity of TDC.

Abstract: A spark ignition internal combustion engine includes a sub-combustion chamber in which gas mixture with an air-fuel ratio adapted for an operating state of the engine over a wide operating range of the engine is supplied to a combustion chamber. The amount of hydrogen carbide discharged is less and a high efficiency can be attained. The sub-combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine communicates with the main combustion chamber. Gas mixture injecting apparatus intermittently injects gas mixture into the sub-combustion chamber. Ignition devices are arranged in the sub-combustion chamber. The engine is constructed such that the sub-combustion chamber is eccentric in a sideward direction from an extending line of injecting direction of the gas mixture injecting apparatus and communicated with the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: An air-compressing internal combustion engine with oblique injection into an antechamber having a sphere-like combustion space and conduit of arranged offset relative to one another. A spheroid impact head with a cup shaped recess on the underside thereof facing the conduit is provided in the lower half of the combustion space. A glow plug is arranged in the downward current of the air flow downstream of the injection nozzle in the antechamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is described which comprises a main combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber which is arranged in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine and is connected via a shot channel to the main combustion chamber. To increase the high-temperature stability, the parts of the secondary combustion chamber which are acted upon by the hot gas jet are made of a material of intermetallic phase.

Abstract: Internal combustion stratified-charge engine having within a cylinder thereof a variable volume space wherein a piston pursuant to an air intake stroke draws a stream of intake air through an entrance end of the combustion chamber and through such chamber into said variable volume space. The inner periphery of a sidewall of such chamber having a series of grooves which may score the head of a poppet type exhaust valve in such periphery and which contribute to stratification of a leading fuel-free mass of such stream and a fuel-containing trailing mass thereof into the variable volume space. A portion of such trailing fuel-containing mass remaining in the chamber and an adjacent portion thereof in the variable volume space adjacent to said chamber, and, pursuant to the ensuing compression stroke of the piston, the masses are caused to flow into the chamber in the reverse order of their formation with the fuel-containing mass compressed adjacent the entrance end of the chamber where combustion is initiated.

Abstract: The nozzle throat through which fuel is injected into a swirl chamber is arranged so that a flame front which travels back through the plume of injected fuel is deflected and prevented from directly propagating thereinto. The orientation of the nozzle throat also reduces the amount of surface area of the throat against which the injected fuel impinges and reduces the amount of fuel which adheres thereto.

Abstract: High-compression spark-ignited stratified-charge fuel-injection reciprocating-piston engine in which the combustion chamber initial charge includes a discrete air-fuel stratum that is lean with fuel at low speed idle and progressively increased in fuel richness and volume until that stratum ultimately completely fills the chamber with a homogeneous air-fuel mixture using all of the intaken air to attain maximum power. The combustion process minimizes pollutive exhaust emissions.

Abstract: An engine comprising a piston having a cavity formed on the top face thereof. A projection having an impingement face at the top thereof is formed at the center of the cavity. Fuel is injected from a fuel injector toward the impingement face to form a richer air-fuel mixture around the projection. A spark plug or a glow plug is arranged to ignite the richer air-fuel mixture at the end of the compression stroke.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine performs the thermodynamic cycle partially inside the cylinder, with the piston connected to the crankshaft, and partially in a turbo blower in which there takes place the final stage of the expansion of the burnt gases and, simultaneously, the suction and the first phase of compression of the air. The said compression is completed afterwards in the cylinder, continuously and without any partialization.

Abstract: A diesel engine has a cylinder head, an auxiliary combustion chamber defined in the cylinder head, an atomization passage communicating with the auxiliary combustion chamber, and a fuel injection nozzle means mounted in the cylinder head and having a primary injection port opening into the auxiliary combustion chamber and a secondary injection port opening toward an inner wall surface of the atomization passage. When the diesel engine is under a low load, fuel is injected from the secondary injection port toward the inner wall surface of the atomization passage while fuel is prevented from being injected from the primary injection port, for thereby causing fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the auxiliary combustion chamber, which is positioned downstream in the direction in which a swirl flows.

Abstract: A high compression ratio internal combustion engine operable on a fuel capable of being pressurized and vaporized to pressures above atmospheric pressure and having dual fuel introduction means respectively communicating with dual fuel sources. The first fuel introduction means is a low pressure fuel supply means by which fuel is introduced into the engine at low pressure in a fuel/air ratio mixture lower than which supports self-ignition under the temperatures generated by the compression thereof within the combustion chamber of the engine. A secondary--or auxiliary--fuel supply is provided and is capable of introducing predetermined amounts of only fuel in an atomized state and at elevated pressures greater than the pressure developed on the compression stroke within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Spark ignited internal combustion engine of the reciprocal piston type, having inlet means 7 for substantially tangentially introducing a combustible mixture into a combustion chamber 6 to generate a swirling motion of the mixture and provided with means 16 for breaking up the swirling motion so as to produce turbulence at or near the end of the compression stroke of the piston 3.

Abstract: A spark plug adaptor for an internal combustion engine is provided with two chambers, an upper preliminary chamber and a lower secondary chamber. The upper chamber encompasses the spark plug electrodes and communicates with the lower chamber through an acceleration orifice. The lower chamber has a deflector means for imparting turbulence to the combustion products from the upper chamber.

Abstract: A late injection direct injection stratified charge spark ignition engine is provided with a catalytic grid disposed in the path of injected fuel spray and downstream of the point of spark ignition to assist the completion of combustion of previously ignited fuel spray as well as to ignite and cause the combustion of previously unignited fuel elements passing therethrough. Improved combustion and reduced hydrocarbons emissions are anticipated.

Abstract: A diesel type prechamber has a centrally located heated tubular member supplied internally with hot air through a secondary throat or transfer passage, the air vaporizing the fuel sprayed against the outer surface of the hot member and also mixing with the vaporized fuel upon passage of the air through transpiration holes in the member.

Abstract: An antechamber system Diesel engine including an antechamber consisting of a front chamber and a rear chamber and a communication port communicating said antechamber with a main combustion chamber wherein at least one of fuel injection ports of a fuel injection nozzle sprays the fuel in the direction of the communication port. The rear chamber is formed integrally with a cylinder head inside the same while the front chamber is formed on a sleeve member detachably fitted to the cylinder head. If desired, a short axis column-like groove is defined between the front chamber and the rear chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a fuel injector in a side wall of each cylinder to direct a fuel jet onto a flat or concave impingement surface of a shield projecting into the cylinder from the cylinder head, to atomize the fuel in the vicinity of the sparking plug electrodes with minimal wetting of the cylinder walls and of the plug electrodes. The piston head is formed with an asymmetrically located combustion chamber surrounded by extensive "squish" areas arranged to promote the formation of a fuel vortex in which charge stratification occurs centrifugally.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a fuel injector located in a side wall of each cylinder, and a combustion chamber in each cylinder formed largely by a cavity recessed in the crown of the piston, to define substantial "squish" areas between the piston crown and a cylinder head which contains an ignition prechamber, situated opposite the fuel injector, communicating with a sparking plug, the fuel injector being arranged to direct at least one part of the fuel into a region adjacent the ignition prechamber which forms part of the volume of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A reciprocating internal combustion engine has a cylindrical combustion chamber lying substantially entirely within the cylinder head and including a fuel injection nozzle and possibly a glow plug. The top of the cylindrical combustion chamber is defined by the disc of the intake poppet valve and the bottom of the combustion chamber is defined at top dead center by a projection of the piston which is formed in a piston cap that consists of thermally resistant material and within which there is an air-filled void that prevents the heat transfer from the combustion chamber to the main body of the piston. This construction permits high surface temperatures within the combustion chamber without attendant heavy thermal stresses in the body of the piston.

Abstract: The invention is in an externally ignited internal combustion engine which has one main combustion chamber per cylinder and one ignition chamber which communicates with the main combustion chamber via an excess flow channel, the opening member of which projects into the main combustion chamber and is embodied as a flame injector. After the ignition of the mixture located in the ignition chamber by means of a spark plug, when the jet of flame leaves the excess flow channel and enters the main combustion chamber through the flame injector, the fuel-rich mixture surrounding the opening of the ignition chamber is induced in the vicinity of the cooled walls of the main combustion chamber and thus the temperature of the jet of flame is lowered. In this way, the NO.sub.x concentration of the charge component comprising the jet of flame, and thus also the exhaust gas quantity as a whole, is reduced.

Abstract: An air-compressing injection internal combustion engine with a main combustion space arranged in the piston and with an auxiliary chamber equipped with an injection nozzle and with a glow plug, which is in continuous communication with the main combustion space by way of a channel-shaped constriction. The pressure chamber of the auxiliary chamber is thereby disposed eccentrically in relation to the injection nozzle and the constriction while the injection nozzle injects with a first jet into the constriction and with a second jet in the direction or into the area near the glow plug which is located in the eccentrically offset part of the pressure chamber.