Abstract: A combustion chamber for an opposed-piston engine is defined between a pair of pistons disposed for opposing reciprocal movement in a cylinder. The combustion chamber is formed between crowns of the pistons and has a radius that decreases from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. Each crown includes a periphery, a bowl within the periphery defining a concave surface with a first portion curving inwardly toward the interior of the piston and a second portion curving outwardly from the interior, and a convex surface within the periphery curving outwardly and meeting the second portion of the concave surface to form a ridge. Each ridge has a height that decreases with the distance from a longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for an opposed-piston engine includes a squish zone defined between circumferential peripheral areas of opposing end surfaces of the pistons, a cavity defined by one or more bowls in the end surfaces, and at least one injection port that extends radially through the squish zone into the cavity. The cavity has a cross-sectional shape that imposes a tumbling motion on air flowing from the squish zone into the cavity.

Abstract: A combustion chamber construction for opposed-piston engines includes an elongated, bilaterally symmetrical shape referenced to a major axis and a pair of injection ports located on the major axis when the pistons are near respective top center positions. The combustion chamber is defined between a bowl in the end surface of a first piston of a pair of pistons and mirrored ridges protruding from the end surface of a second piston of the pair. Each ridge includes a central portion that curves toward a periphery of the end surface of the second piston and which transitions to flanking portions that curve away from the periphery. The ridge configuration imparts a substantially spherical configuration to a central portion of the combustion chamber where swirling motion of charge air is conserved.

Abstract: Described herein is a combustion pre-chamber apparatus for a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine that includes a body that defines an internal combustion cavity. The apparatus also includes at least one orifice that extends through the body. The at least one orifice includes a first end open to the internal combustion cavity and a second end open to the main combustion chamber. The first end is bigger than the second end.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head having a cylinder head base, a cylinder wall, and a piston which is movable along a cylinder axis and has a piston crown. A main combustion chamber is formed between the cylinder head base, the cylinder wall, and the piston crown. A precombustion chamber is inserted into a bore of the cylinder head and is fixed relative to the bore in the circumferential direction of the bore. The axis of the bore is at least substantially parallel to the cylinder axis, and a precombustion-type combustion chamber is formed in the precombustion chamber. At least one ring of transfer openings connects the precombustion-type combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber, and in each case, the angle which the transfer opening encloses with the cylinder axis differs for at least two transfer openings of the at least one ring.

Abstract: A passive noise attenuation device and system is provided having a reticulated open-cell porous structure configured to acts as a passive control device in order to mitigate combustion noise and instability problems in combustion systems. A porous inert media structure is placed downstream of the reaction zone of a combustion chamber to dissipate noise and/or instability generated upstream in the flame. The porous inert media also limits and/or disintegrates vortical structures in the flame to produce a homogeneous flow field to facilitate distributed reaction zones.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of a positive-displacement spark-ignited internal combustion engine is divided into a main combustion chamber and a pre-combustion chamber having proximal and distal ends. The proximal end is connected to the main combustion chamber and a spark-ignition device is located at the distal end. Within the pre-combustion chamber, a plurality of passageways extend between its proximal and distal ends so that a flame front ignited by the ignition device at the distal end of the pre-combustion chamber propagates along the plurality of passageways as separate flame fronts toward the proximal end of the pre-combustion chamber. A displacer separates a premixing chamber from the pre-combustion and main combustion chambers. The displacer is relatively moveable for transferring the charge of fuel and air from the premixing chamber into the pre-combustion main combustion chambers.

Abstract: An improved combustion system particularly for a larger type diesel engine featuring a prechamber with a generally cup-shaped bottom tip portion facing the engine's main combustion chamber and with a central transfer passage substantially aligned with the centerline of the prechamber and a plurality of additional transfer passages circumferentially arranged about the centerline of the prechamber. The improved complete combustion system uses a piston with a deep bowl formed in the piston crown into which the central transfer passage directs a strong direct charge of products of combustion from the prechamber.

Abstract: A combustion chamber system of a spark-ignition linear engine includes a pre-combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber separated by a combustion control wall. The pre-combustion chamber has a length substantially greater than its width to support the propagation of more organized flame fronts that push unburned fuel and air into the main combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber can be arranged to define a multi-stage annular structure comprising a plurality of pre-combustion chamber sections fluidically connected together in an axially stacked array wherein the main combustion chamber can be co-axially housed or accommodated internally within the annular pre-combustion chamber structure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving efficiency of combustion engines. At least two combustion chambers are provided by contouring the surface of a piston or a cylinder head or a combination thereof. Such a contoured piston or cylinder head controls the peak temperature and pressure in order to combust the mixture efficiently, to increase power generated, and to decrease the amount of unused mixture exhausted from the combustion chamber. With the ability to control the peak pressure, the ignition plug can be fired at advanced ignition timing, thereby extending its life. The chambers are also designed to control flame propagation speed to reduce knock. Additionally, the chambers can also decrease the amount of pollutants such as NOx produced during combustion.

Abstract: Process for ensuring the mixing of a predetermined quantity of liquid or gaseous fuel with the air that is contained in a pre-chamber with one end that is open toward cylinders of an alternative internal-combustion engine, as well as the ignition of the mixture with the fuel being injected axially from closed end of the pre-chamber by an injector that is actuated by a predefined surplus of pressure compared to that which is present in the pre-chamber itself, the injection is a accomplished during the terminal phase of the compression half-cycle, whereby the injector and surplus are such as to ensure the fuel jet which is injected is completely evaporated and/or mixed with the air that is contained in the pre-chamber at the moment when it reaches the open end of the pre-chamber and which, during its translation motion, mixes with the above-mentioned air according to mixture richness values that can be represented by a predetermined curve that rises from injection point (A) towards center (C) of the open-end of

Abstract: The two-stroke cycle engine employing intake and exhaust valves comprises a combustion and scavenging prechamber having substantially a shape of revolution about an axis and provided with an intake valve seat. Deflecting means or vanes are disposed inside the intake pipe as directly as possible on the upstream side of the seat so as to urge the mass of air into the combustion chamber in the manner of a whirl.

Abstract: A gas engine of a pre-chamber type in which a pre-chamber is arranged in communication to a main combustion chamber, an intake passage is arranged to supply lean mixture to the main chamber, a gas pipe is provided to form rich mixture by fuel gas in the pre-chamber, and a spark plug adapted to ignite the rich mixture in the pre-chamber prior to the combustion of lean mixture in the main combustion chamber, is characterized in that an area of a section of the pre-chamber gradually decreases toward the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: A spark-ignition, air-compressing, internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber in the shape of a body of revolution with a constricted opening in the piston crown. The injection nozzle is located in the cylinder head near the edge of the combustion chamber and the spark plug, opposite the injection nozzle, extends into the combustion chamber at the top dead center position of the piston. Mixture formation is predominantly by deposition of the fuel on the combustion chamber wall. In such an internal combustion engine, it is desired in applying the concept to a supercharged engine to satisfy the enhanced requirements with respect to mixture formation reliably in all ranges of operation, whereby a further improvement of ignition stability is also to be provided. This is essentially achieved by the special shape and proportioning of the combustion chamber, and in particular by the use of two arcs to form the side wall thereof, and a third arc, which joins the side wall, to form the bottom.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine having an "open" combustion chamber/poppet valve arrangement that produces improved scavenging. The combustion chamber has a generally oblate configuration and is slanted with respect to the cylinder axis in such a manner that the air flowing therein converges and is directed downward in a collimated column into the cylinder. The placement of overhead cam operated poppet valves in combination with the combustion chamber produces a scavenging method of the reverse return-flow type. A displacer piston having a displacer with a peripheral wall corresponding in configuration to that of the combustion chamber and defining a recess of predetermined volume that forms the floor of the combustion chamber when the piston is located in its upper most position may be advantageously employed.

Abstract: In a fuel injection type internal combustion engine including a cylinder body with a cylinder chamber, a cylinder head, a piston adapted to be reciprocated within the cylinder chamber, an injection nozzle having its central axis inclined with respect to the top of the piston and its injection port offset from the center of the cylinder chamber, and a combustion chamber cavity opened in the top of the piston, an auxiliary cavity defined by a notched wall having complicatedly cut surfaces is formed in the opening portion of the combustion chamber cavity. The notched wall is formed in a manner to follow the conical surface of a cone, in response to the piston travel, the cone having as its apex a point located upstream of the injection port, as its center the central axis of the injection nozzle, and as its apex angle the maximum spray diverging angle of the injection nozzle.

Abstract: An incandescent ignition arrangement for an internal combustion engine is combined with a fuel-injection device and has an ignition chamber formed as an annular space coaxial with and surrounding the fuel-injection device, an overflow passage rising toward a reference plane extending normal to the longitudinal axis of the fuel-injection device and having a component which extends tangentially to a periphery of the annular space and is open into the latter, and the overflow passage extends to the reference plane at an angle selected such that an extension of the axis of the overflow passage lies inside a fuel injected from the fuel-injection device, and the arrangement has an electrically heatable ignition element lying inside the contour of the ignition chamber.

Abstract: Internal combustion reciprocating-piston engine precombustion chamber in which a mass of air or of air mixed with selective amounts of fuel and a spark-ignitable air-fuel mass are relatively segregatively compressed with the latter mass enveloping spark electrodes preparatory to ignition. The chamber is provided by recessing the air intake valve of an engine cylinder into the air intake passage for that cylinder so the chamber forms a section of that passage between the valve and the variable volume space above the piston in the cylinder. Contaminant products of combustion residual in the precombustion chamber upon completion of each combustion stroke are, during the next air intake stroke, vented into the cylinder variable volume space where they become mixed with the fresh intake air and any fuel entrained therein and then forced with this air back into the chamber pursuant to the ensuing compression stroke to be recycled during the next combustion stroke.

Abstract: Internal combustion reciprocating-piston engine precombustion chamber in which a mass of air or air mixed with selective amounts of fuel and a spark-ignitable air-fuel mass are segregatively compressed with the latter mass enveloping spark electrodes preparatory to ignition. The chamber is provided by recessing the air intake valve of an engine cylinder into the cylinder head so that this chamber forms a section of the main air intake passage for the cylinder. Air deflecting means is provided in a vestibule of the chamber in a manner to create a vortex of air forced from the cylinder through the vestibule internally of the chamber pursuant to the compression stroke of the cylinder's piston, and, without incurring significant resistance to the flow of air delivered through the air intake passage into the cylinder pursuant to the preceding air intake stroke of the piston.

Abstract: An energy conversion cycle for an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine capable of carrying out the process to produce work, the process characterized by the steps of forming fuel and air charges having fuel to air proportions varying from stoichiometric at full engine power to excess air at less than full engine power conditions; increasing by compression the density and activation of the molecules of the charges supplied to a variable volume working chamber in which fuel and oxygen in the air are reacted to produce thermal potential; controlling fuel and air distribution in the working chamber so that the excess air portion of each charge is located in an air reservoir chamber that is separated from the reaction area by an open partition area separating the working and air reservoir chambers; and through the partition area, controlling availability of oxygen in the working chamber during the reaction while permitting the oxygen to be activated in a specific manner by molecular interac

Abstract: A high efficiency high ratio dual swirl combustion chamber of a spark ignition internal combustion engine includes in preferred embodiment opposing closely conforming squish surfaces with an eight (8) shaped subchamber recess formed of adjoining subcylinders with concave sides joining to provide opposed diametrically located projections that generate dual swirling turbulent mixture flow for ignition and combustion in the subchamber.

Abstract: A spark-ignition type internal combustion engine having a precombustion chamber auxiliary to the variable volume space in the engine cylinder between the piston and cylinder head. Fuel injected into air in the chamber and fuel-laden air initially entering this chamber from the variable volume space, pursuant to the compression stroke of the piston, form a mixture compressed into a discrete reliably spark-ignitable air-fuel mass within a portion of the chamber where such mass envelops igniter electrodes. A vestibule portion of the chamber causes air, or air mixed with fuel in quantity deterninative of engine power output, forced from said space to enter the chamber in a manner compressing and retaining the air-fuel mass in its enveloping relation with the electrodes until ignition occurs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combusting diesel, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol and other compression ignition fuels in either direct or indirect injection compression auto ignition internal combustion engines which enables such engines to operate at low compressions. The apparatus includes an ignition chamber which functions to receive a portion of the incoming fuel charge thereby concentrating such portion in an area separate from the auxiliary or primary combustion chambers.

Abstract: An antechamber system Diesel engine including an antechamber consisting of a front chamber and a rear chamber and a communication port communicating said antechamber with a main combustion chamber wherein at least one of fuel injection ports of a fuel injection nozzle sprays the fuel in the direction of the communication port. The rear chamber is formed integrally with a cylinder head inside the same while the front chamber is formed on a sleeve member detachably fitted to the cylinder head. If desired, a short axis column-like groove is defined between the front chamber and the rear chamber.

Abstract: A diesel engine has a transfer duct interconnecting a cylinder and a substantially toroidal precombustion chamber into which projects a fuel injector having four radially arranged, angularly equidistant nozzles, the fuel injector being coaxial with the generation axis of the precombustion chamber which is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine having an "open" combustion chamber/poppet valve arrangement that produces improved scavenging. The combustion chamber has a generally oblate configuration and is slanted with respect to the cylinder axis in such a manner that the air flowing therein converges and is directed downward in a collimated column into the cylinder. The placement of overhead cam operated poppet valves in combination with the combustion chamber produces a scavenging method of the reverse return-flow type. A displacer piston having a displacer with a peripheral wall corresponding in configuration to that of the combustion chamber and defining a recess of predetermined volume that forms the floor of the combustion chamber when the piston is located in its upper most position may be advantageously employed.