Abstract: An internal combustion engine generally includes at least a cylinder; at least an intake valve acting on an intake port for controlling the airflow entering the cylinder; at least an injector for supplying uncombusted fuel to the cylinder; at least an outlet valve acting on a respective outlet port for controlling the flow of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the cylinder; a piston sliding in a linear manner within the cylinder; at least a first spark plug arranged in a position adjacent to the injector and acting within the combustion chamber; a pre-chamber communicating with the combustion chamber; and a second spark plug acting within the pre-chamber; the first spark plug is arranged in an intermediate position between the pre-chamber and the injector.

Abstract: A pre-chamber body for an engine is disclosed. The pre-chamber body may have a pre-chamber. The pre-chamber body may also have flow transfer channels fluidly connecting the pre-chamber and an exterior of the pre-chamber body. Each flow transfer channel extends along a flow transfer channel axis (B) from an inner opening via a throat section to an outer opening. A cross-section of the flow transfer channels converges from a first cross section (A1) of the inner opening to a second cross-section (A2) of the throat section and diverges from the second cross-section (A2) to a third cross-section (A3) of the outer opening along the flow transfer channel axis (B). At least one of the inner opening and the outer opening has an oval shape with a maximum diameter (a1, a3) and a minimum diameter (b1, b3), the maximum diameter (a1, a3) being greater than the minimum diameter (b1, b3).

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus includes: an injector disposed at a position offset from an ignition plug toward an intake port and injecting a fuel spray toward a crown surface of a piston, and an injection controller causing the injector to perform injection in accordance with an amount and timing of fuel injection preset in accordance with an operating state of an engine. The piston includes: a first recess formed by recessing a central portion of the crown surface and a second recess formed by recessing part of the first recess on an injector side further than the first recess. The injector injects 50% or more of fuel to be injected for the last fuel injection toward the second recess during a compression stroke, and injects part of the fuel to be injected for the last fuel injection toward an area of the first recess other than the second recess.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an internal combustion engine having an improved prechamber device. The prechamber device includes features that provide improved mixing of fuel and air, specifically, a plurality of ribs positioned in a cavity of the prechamber device. The improved mixing of fuel and air yields improved uniformity of combustion in an associated combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system including a free-radical ignition system, including a pre-combustion chamber, an air intake coupled to the pre-combustion chamber, a fuel intake coupled to the pre-combustion chamber, an ignition source coupled to the pre-combustion chamber, a free-radical injection passage coupled to the pre-combustion chamber, and a quench system coupled to the pre-combustion chamber or the free-radical injection passage.

Abstract: A pre-combustion chamber tip for an internal combustion engine having a first body portion with a pre-combustion chamber located within, the first body portion having a terminal end with a plurality of orifices configured to direct expanding gases out of the pre-combustion chamber and a second body portion attached to the first body portion, the second body portion having an exterior surface, a cooling fluid opening formed in the exterior surface, a cooling fluid passage in fluid communication with the cooling fluid opening, and a ridge associated with the cooling fluid opening, the ridge extending from the exterior surface and configured to divert cooling fluid flow into the cooling fluid opening and cooling fluid passage.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a sub chamber which is communicated with a combustion chamber and with a variable volume device which changes the volume of the sub chamber. The variable volume device includes a communication part arranged at a cylinder head and formed into a tubular shape, a movement member which is formed in a tubular shape so as to engage with the inside of the communication part and which has a closed end at the side facing the combustion chamber, and a support part which has a projecting part which engages with the inside of the movement member. The variable volume device has the space at the inside of the communication part divided by a movement member and is formed with a sub chamber and gas chamber.

Abstract: A system, including, a free-radical ignition system, that includes a pre-combustion chamber configured to combust a first fuel-air mixture to generate a flame, a shockwave, and free radicals, an injection passage configured to inject the free radicals driven by the shock wave from the pre-combustion chamber toward a combustion chamber, and a quench system configured to extinguish the flame in the pre-combustion chamber or the injection passage.

Abstract: A piston for a direct injection engine is provided, the piston having a bowl at an upper end, the bowl forming a portion of a combustion chamber. The bowl includes an inner surface and a dome that defines a volume configured to receive a fuel-air mixture, the inner surface of the bowl and the dome each including at least one surface feature as a target for the fuel spray. The surface feature may protrude from the inner surface of the bowl or may be recessed into the inner surface. Such surface features may reduce soot and improve fuel-air mixing.

Abstract: A pre-chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the pre-chamber is part of a two-stroke combustion engine having a cylinder head with a sparkplug receptacle that has a generally frustoconical shape, and the pre-chamber is coupled to the sparkplug receptacle. The pre-chamber may include a cooling jacket with a generally frustoconical shape and a combustion chamber having an upper zone and a lower zone, which may be narrower than the upper zone.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a sub chamber which is communicated with a combustion chamber and with a variable volume device which changes the volume of the sub chamber. The variable volume device includes a communication part arranged at a cylinder head and formed into a tubular shape, a movement member which is formed in a tubular shape so as to engage with the inside of the communication part and which has a closed end at the side facing the combustion chamber, and a support part which has a projecting part which engages with the inside of the movement member. The variable volume device has the space at the inside of the communication part divided by a movement member and is formed with a sub chamber and gas chamber.

Abstract: The invented engine comprises a working cylinder with a piston, pre-ignition chamber with spark plug and a combustion chamber which is cylindrical in shape, a fuel-air mixture injector, which is a compressor cylinder with a piston and fuel delivery device and channels for supplying the fuel and air into the combustion chamber. It also has channels for injection of the fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber. There is a check valve between the fuel supply channel and the compressor cylinder. The pre-ignition chamber has the shape of a cup or flattened cone. The diameter of the base of the pre-ignition chamber equals the diameter of the combustion chamber. The engine has one or more pairs of channels for delivering the fuel-air mixture to the combustion chamber. The axes of these channels are paired and angled towards each other.

Abstract: A passive noise attenuation device and system is provided having a reticulated open-cell porous structure configured to acts as a passive control device in order to mitigate combustion noise and instability problems in combustion systems. A porous inert media structure is placed downstream of the reaction zone of a combustion chamber to dissipate noise and/or instability generated upstream in the flame. The porous inert media also limits and/or disintegrates vortical structures in the flame to produce a homogeneous flow field to facilitate distributed reaction zones.

Abstract: The invented engine comprises a working cylinder with a piston, pre-ignition chamber with spark plug and a combustion chamber which is cylindrical in shape, a fuel-air mixture injector, which is a compressor cylinder with a piston and fuel delivery device and channels for supplying the fuel and air into the combustion chamber. It also has channels for injection of the fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber. There is a check valve between the fuel supply channel and the compressor cylinder. The pre-ignition chamber has the shape of a cup or flattened cone. The diameter of the base of the pre-ignition chamber equals the diameter of the combustion chamber. The engine has one or more pairs of channels for delivering the fuel-air mixture to the combustion chamber. The axes of these channels are paired and angled towards each other.

Abstract: A pre-chamber for use with a spark plug or glow plug, the chamber being secured at an upper end attachable unit associated with an internal combustion cylinder. The pre-chamber is designed to promote faster ionization resulting in more efficient spark to flame ignition (due to voltage buildup being delayed until a generated spark jumps the gap), or beat to flame ignition (due to the introduction temperature of the injected plasma) and, in each instance, results in faster propagation of flame within the compressed cylinder, thereby achieving more efficient and consistent (cycle to cycle) output in combination with lower exhaust temperatures. A plurality of outlet ports are defined, such as perimeter/radially extending fashion, in an outlet end of the pre chamber body and communicate the combusted fuels as a plurality of flame outlets with a remaining volume of atomized fuel within the combustion chamber during a power outlet stroke.

Abstract: A pre-chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the pre-chamber is part of a two-stroke combustion engine having a cylinder head with a sparkplug receptacle that has a generally frustoconical shape, and the pre-chamber is coupled to the sparkplug receptacle. The pre-chamber may include a cooling jacket with a generally frustoconical shape and a combustion chamber having an upper zone and a lower zone, which may be narrower than the upper zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to maximize spark plug life in pre-chamber spark plugs operating with ultra-lean mixtures and/or elevated engine BMEP is presented. Electrode erosion is reduced by spreading discharge energy over a wider surface area, maintaining fuel concentration in the spark gap, controlling gas static pressure during discharge, and maintaining safe electrode temperature. Energy is spread via a swirling effect created by periphery holes in an end cap, resulting in a lower specific energy discharge at the electrodes. Divergently configured electrodes reduce the spark voltage at high operating pressures and the energy required for ignition. The flow field generated at the electrodes prevents electrical shorts due to water condensation and avoids misfire. The center electrode insulation provides an effective heat transfer path to prevent electrode overheating and preignition.

Abstract: The invention relates to an invention combustion engine comprising a cylinder head (1) with at least one inlet port (4) and at least one injection device (6) per cylinder (2), which extends into the combustion chamber. In order to reduce wear of the injection device while preventing depositions in the region of the injector pocket, the top wall (22) of the combustion chamber is provided with an injector pocket (7) in the area of the mouth (6a) of the injection device (6). Preferably, at least one scavenging duct arrangement (10) extends into the injector pocket (7).

Abstract: A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine wherein intake openings to the cylinder are partly surrounded by a mask formed by a material projection of the top face of the combustion chamber, a contour of the mask having a flat main section of maximum height between an ascending and descending flank and being asymmetrical in a developed view.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine includes a closed end cylinder having an axis. A piston is reciprocable in the cylinder and includes a generally flat rim having an inner edge surrounding a recessed bowl into which the fuel is primarily injected, the bowl having a floor and a surrounding side formed by an arcuate surface connecting tangentially with the floor and extending to the rim inner edge. A spark plug has a centerline through the spark gap and is offset to one side of the cylinder axis with the spark gap extending into the combustion chamber toward the axis. A fuel injector is offset to an opposite side of the axis with the spray tip aimed to direct a generally conical fuel spray into the piston bowl with a portion of the fuel spray passing near the spark gap. Various dimensional characteristics are disclosed.

Abstract: An air fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine can improve learning accuracy in the air fuel ratio control even if the air fuel ratio of a mixture detected by an air fuel ratio detection device shifts from an actual air fuel ratio thereof. The apparatus controls the air fuel ratio of an exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust gas purification device based on an air fuel ratio feedback value and an air fuel ratio learning value. A temperature detection device detects the temperature of the exhaust gas purification device. A determination device determines, based on a difference between a detection value of the temperature detection device and a target temperature, that the air fuel ratio detection device shifts to a rich or lean side. The update of the air fuel ratio learning value is inhibited when the air fuel ratio detection device shifts to a rich or lean side.

Abstract: A method to deliver spark during a start for an internal combustion engine is described. The method provides individual cylinder spark angle control based on the number of cylinders after synchronization between engine timing and an engine controller are achieved. The method offers improved engine emissions while maintaining engine speed run-up performance.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of a positive-displacement spark-ignited internal combustion engine is divided into a main combustion chamber and a pre-combustion chamber having proximal and distal ends. The proximal end is connected to the main combustion chamber and a spark-ignition device is located at the distal end. Within the pre-combustion chamber, a plurality of passageways extend between its proximal and distal ends so that a flame front ignited by the ignition device at the distal end of the pre-combustion chamber propagates along the plurality of passageways as separate flame fronts toward the proximal end of the pre-combustion chamber. A displacer separates a premixing chamber from the pre-combustion and main combustion chambers. The displacer is relatively moveable for transferring the charge of fuel and air from the premixing chamber into the pre-combustion main combustion chambers.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection internal combustion engine comprises a combustion chamber, a fuel injection valve and a spark plug. The combustion chamber has a piston including an outer cavity located in a top surface of the piston and an inner cavity located in the outer cavity. The outer and inner cavities are substantially axially symmetrical about the reciprocation axis of the piston. The fuel injection valve is arranged adjacent the reciprocation axis of the piston to inject a fuel stream directly into the combustion chamber. The spark plug is arranged adjacent the reciprocation axis of the piston to ignite a fuel-air mixture inside the combustion chamber. The direct fuel injection internal combustion engine further comprises a control unit configured to vary at least one of frequency and start timings of the fuel injection valve based on an engine operating condition.

Abstract: A combustion chamber assembly for use in a diesel engine includes a combustion chamber defined in a crown of a piston, the combustion chamber having a center portion, the center portion being defined at least in part by a portion of a convex sphere, the sphere having a radius and an origin, the origin of the radius lying on a piston central axis and the combustion chamber further having an outwardly radially disposed bottom margin, the bottom margin being defined in part by a portion of an annulus, the annulus having a radius and an origin. The combustion chamber further has a plurality of curved surfaces having smooth transitions between adjacent smooth surfaces, the smooth surfaces including the spherical center portion and the annular bottom margin. A piston incorporating the aforementioned combustion chamber and a method of forming the combustion chamber are further included.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling combustion in a direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine inject fuel directly into a combustion chamber in a wide-angle, hollow-cone spray to form a vortex that draws fuel vapor out of the spray to form a combustible fuel-air mixture at a spark location outside the hollow-cone spray. Various piston combustion bowl configurations further enhance the stability of the vortex and reduce fuel impingement on the piston surface while providing a desired compression ratio. Cylinder airflow is controlled to produce substantial swirl flow resulting in a more compact fuel cloud around the spark location to reduce over-mixing and improve robustness to cycle-to-cycle variation in the mixing process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a direct-injection internal-combustion engine comprising at least a cylinder (10), a cylinder head (12), a piston (22) sliding, in this cylinder, intake means (14, 18) for at least one gaseous fluid, a multijet fuel-injection nozzle (24) comprising a fuel jet angle (&bgr;) and a fuel jet nappe angle (a1), and a combustion chamber delimited on one side by the upper face of piston (22), said face comprising a teat (36) pointing towards the cylinder head and arranged in a concave bowl (34).

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a post-catalyst exhaust gas sensor in an engine is provided. The engine includes a cylinder bank coupled to a catalyst and an exhaust gas sensor disposed downstream of the catalyst generating a first signal. The method includes supplying a rich air-fuel mixture to the cylinder bank. The method further includes supplying a lean air-fuel mixture to the cylinder bank to supply oxygen to the catalyst. Finally, the method includes indicating the exhaust gas sensor is degraded when the first signal does not indicate a lean air-fuel ratio after supplying the lean air-fuel mixture for a first predetermined time period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a working cycle for a heat engine, especially of the reciprocating piston type, having a gas as working medium, including the steps of isentropic compression of the gas, isochoric addition of heat to the gas, isentropic expansion of the gas, and isochoric return of the gas to its initial condition. The invention is characterized in that the gas, before or during the compression, is divided into two portions, that the gas portions are compressed to different degrees, that heat is added only or mainly to the gas portion compressed to the lowest degree, and that the two gas portions are brought into connection with each other and are expanded together.

Abstract: A combustion chamber system having a pre-combustion chamber in communication with a final combustion chamber, where the length of said pre-combustion chamber is substantially greater than its width. The pre-combustion chamber can be curved along all or part of its length, and such curved chamber parts can be nested.

Abstract: A spark ignition internal combustion engine includes a sub-combustion chamber in which gas mixture with an air-fuel ratio adapted for an operating state of the engine over a wide operating range of the engine is supplied to a combustion chamber. The amount of hydrogen carbide discharged is less and a high efficiency can be attained. The sub-combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine communicates with the main combustion chamber. Gas mixture injecting apparatus intermittently injects gas mixture into the sub-combustion chamber. Ignition devices are arranged in the sub-combustion chamber. The engine is constructed such that the sub-combustion chamber is eccentric in a sideward direction from an extending line of injecting direction of the gas mixture injecting apparatus and communicated with the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, for motor vehicles having a direct fuel injection and externally supplied ignition, which has at least one combustion chamber enclosed between a cylinder head and a reciprocating piston displaceable in a cylinder bore, the combustion chamber being closable by at least one inlet valve for air aspiration. To attain extensive homogeneity of the mixture formation in direct fuel injection that assures reliable, thorough combustion of the mixture, the combustion chamber is preceded at its upper end by a chamber, which opens toward the combustion chamber and has an inside cross section that is substantially smaller than the combustion chamber and increases steadily toward the combustion chamber. The injection and ignition take place in the chamber.

Abstract: An insulated pre-combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine in which a piston is disposed in a cylinder for reciprocal movement relative to the cylinder. A cylinder head is provided over the cylinder and piston to form a main combustion chamber and the pre-combustion chamber is located in the cylinder head above the main combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber includes a pair of rigidly interconnected housing members with transfer passages formed in the lower housing member for connecting the pre-combustion chamber with the main combustion chamber. At least one insulation member is located between the upper and lower housing members and the cylinder head for reducing the heat loss from the pre-combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an applied ignition internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder in which a piston slides along the cylinder axis, with a cylinder head capping the cylinder and, together with the piston and cylinder, defining a combustion chamber. The piston has a recess open toward the cylinder head, the recess having several shapes of an ellipsoid section along a transverse plane of the piston, of which the main axis and generatrices are substantially parallel to the lengthwise axis of the piston in order to reduce the area-volume ratios in the combustion chamber and increase turbulence levels at the end of the compression cycle. The ellipse or ellipses is or are such that:1) 0<.lambda.<0.6 with ##EQU1## where G.sub.R is the major radius of at least one of the spaces P.sub.R is the minor radius of the space or spaces.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle spark ignition engine having cylinder fuel injection is provided with a combustion chamber featuring a delta shaped bowl or cavity that is configured and positioned in the cylinder head to improve scavenging of the combustion chamber near the injector while maintaining adequate squish flow for improved charge mixing and combustion.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine has predominantly swirl-free air inflow into a shallow combustion space. A centrally arranged injection nozzle with preferably eight spray holes projects into the combustion space. The nozzle has a piston with a piston recess. Depressions are formed in the recess bottom of the piston recess and correspond to the number of injection jets. The depressions extend from the center of the piston in the direction of the injection jets, are matched to the jet shape and have a corrugated shape in the circumferential direction of the piston recess.

Abstract: A catalytic prereaction timing ignition method and igniter unit for timed ignition of a fuel-air mixture in internal combustion engines providing an ignition chamber open into the combustion chamber of the engine, there being a catalytic igniter positioned in the ignition chamber to intercept a pressure front of stratified fuel-air mixture penetrating a prechamber timing zone of the ignition chamber and controlled by the spring rate of burnt gasses captured in a buffer zone of the ignition chamber during the compression cycle and ignited by the pressure front touching the igniter to effect the power stroke of the engine.

Abstract: A capsule, the interior volume of which is an ignition chamber, is provided with an engine to improve ignition. The capsule has an orifice so the ignition chamber can communicate with a main combustion chamber of the engine. Often, the capsule is connected to a spark plug and the electrode gap of the spark plug is in the ignition chamber. The capsule causes the combustible mixture in the engine to swirl in a controlled manner as it flows from the orifice towards the electrode gap. The interior surfaces of the capsule are contoured such that momentum of the swirling combustible mixture is conserved, thus maintaining the velocity of the swirling combustible mixture as it proceeds from the orifice of the capsule to the electrode gap and also providing an increased velocity of the ignited mixture as it exits the capsule.

Abstract: Several embodiments of combustion chamber and fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines wherein the combustion chamber is formed by a dome shape recess having a steeply inclined wall and a more shallowly inclined wall. The walls intersect along a line that is disposed closer to the more steeply inclined wall and fuel injector is positioned substantially at this line. In one embodiment, the fuel injector is inclined to spray toward the steeper wall. Various arrangements for forming the combustion chamber recess are disclosed.

Abstract: A direct injection-type diesel engine includes a piston head formed with a novel piston combustion chamber, with an inner wall surface composed essentially of ceramic material having a low thermal conductivity. The combustion chamber has a reduced opening diameter to enhance a squish air flow out of the clearance space between the piston and the cylinder head, and allows significant reduction of smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon and particulates in the exhaust gas, as well as minimization of thermal loss of the engine.

Abstract: A cylinder head has an insert assembly defining a precombuation chamber in a cylinder head. The insert assembly includes a domed insert made of ceramics and cast into a cylinder head body. A fuel injection nozzle hole and a glow plug hole are formed so as to open through the domed insert into the precombustion chamber and inclined with respect to a center axis of the precombustion chamber. The domed insert is provided at the inner surface thereof with a flat inner surface portion constituting part of a circular plane of which axis coincides with a center axis of the precombustion chamber and/or a recess constituting part of a truncated cone or a sphere of which axis coincides with the center axis of the precombustion chamber, whereby to eliminate an otherwise occurring sharp edged portion or portions of the domed insert.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for internal-combustion engine, with a fuel supply arrangement disposed at such a position that the relationship between the volume V.sub.COM of a combustion chamber and the volume V.sub.IN of an intake-air passage between an intake valve and the fuel supply arrangement satisfies the condition V.sub.IN /V.sub.COM =0.7 to 1.2. Thereby, the air present between the vicinity of an intake valve and the fuel supply arrangement is drawn into, in accordance with the progress of the intake stroke, and the fuel supplied by the fuel supply arrangement is concentrated in a vicinity of an ignition plug in the combustion chamber upon the completion of the intake stroke.

Abstract: In a pre-chamber type diesel engine, in order to prevent droplets of liquid fuel finding their way into zones of the main combustion chamber wherein they undergo slow combustion and thus tend to form smoke, a recess is formed at the main combustion chamber end of an auxiliary transfer passage in a manner to provide a wall section which deflects droplets of fuel, which have passed through the auxiliary passage during the induction phase and/or initial stage of the compression phase, in a manner that they do not escape toward the perimeter of the piston crown and remain in a zone through which the flame produced by spontaneous combustion of the highly compressed air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber passes thus ensuring rapid vaporization and subsequent oxidation.

Abstract: A multiple-layer wall is provided for a hollow body to sustain high thermal and mechanical loads and to afford adequate thermal insulation. The wall has, on the inside, a heat and/or wear resistant ceramic inner layer and, surrounding it, a preferably prestressed retaining layer of fiber reinforced plastic. An intermediate layer of a thermally insulating ceramic material can also be provided. The wall can also have a retaining layer of metal. At least the retaining layer is shrink-fitted. The retaining layer of metal and/or the intermediate layer moreover can be deposited by a sintering process. Prestressing is achieved also by the shrinkage resulting from the sintering process. As a result of prestressing, the inner layer, when under internal pressure, comes under substantially no circumferential tension or under circumferential compression only. The wall is used especially with precombustion chambers of Diesel engines or with cylinder barrels or internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A direct injection type internal combustion engine includes a centrifugal injector having its port facing a recess formed in a combustion chamber. The injector is arranged such that its axis of injection fails to intersect the central axis of the recess but extends at an inclination with respect to the same. In an embodiment typifying the invention, the following relationship is satisfied: ##EQU1## in which: D designates the maximum distance between facing sides of said recess; wherein with respect to a first transverse plane containing the location of the maximum distance D of said recess and a second plane intersecting said first transverse plane at a right angle, being parallel to the axis of sprays of the swirl injector and containing the center of the recess on the first transverse plane, .beta.

Abstract: Internal combustion reciprocating-piston engine precombustion chamber in which a mass of air or air mixed with selective amounts of fuel and a spark-ignitable air-fuel mass are segregatively compressed with the latter mass enveloping spark electrodes preparatory to ignition. The chamber is provided by recessing the air intake valve of an engine cylinder into the cylinder head so that this chamber forms a section of the main air intake passage for the cylinder. Air deflecting means is provided in a vestibule of the chamber in a manner to create a vortex of air forced from the cylinder through the vestibule internally of the chamber pursuant to the compression stroke of the cylinder's piston, and, without incurring significant resistance to the flow of air delivered through the air intake passage into the cylinder pursuant to the preceding air intake stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A high efficiency high ratio dual swirl combustion chamber of a spark ignition internal combustion engine includes in preferred embodiment opposing closely conforming squish surfaces with an eight (8) shaped subchamber recess formed of adjoining subcylinders with concave sides joining to provide opposed diametrically located projections that generate dual swirling turbulent mixture flow for ignition and combustion in the subchamber.

Abstract: A screw-in device forming an acoustical resonance absorber cavity is connected in acoustical communication with a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The absorber cavity has catalytic material therein. The absorber cavity operates to acoustically attenuate or damp the detonation of the combustion with the catalytic material operating to facilitate the combustion in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A piston-type internal combustion engine is proposed which has externally-supplied ignition and in which fuel is injected, from the direction of the intake tube, past the opened inlet valve directed into a partial combustion chamber of disc-like embodiment, the bottom or top of which is defined, respectively, by the surface area of the piston substantially by the valve plate of the inlet valve. As the result of the injection of the fuel in the last portion of the intake stroke and the spin formation in the compressed charge with the aid of guided squeeze flows, a layering of the charge is attained, which improves the ignitability and the speed of complete combustion of the operational mixture introduced into the combustion chamber, with low intake and transfer losses.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in a four cycle valve-in-head internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber of which has at least one inlet and one outlet valve each of these valves having plate surfaces which are located at least substantially within the geometric cylindrical surface defined by the piston of the engine. On the one hand, the plate of the outlet valve is positioned in a zone spaced only slightly from the piston when it is the top-dead center position and thereby forms a compression surface area for portions of the charge to be compressed. On the other hand, the plate of the inlet valve is disposed in a portion of the cylinder head which defines the primary clearance volume of the combustion chamber together with the opposed piston top.