Abstract: A direct injection ignition engine includes a piston with a cavity on a top surface thereof, an injector arranged at a peripheral portion of a combustion chamber to be faced to the combustion chamber for injecting a fuel directly into the combustion chamber, an ignition plug arranged to be projected to the combustion chamber for igniting the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber, an intake passage connected to the combustion chamber for introducing an intake air to the combustion chamber, intake air flow control valve arranged in the intake passage for controlling an intake air flow of an inclined vortex including a tumble component and swirl component produced in the combustion chamber, an actuator for driving the control valve, engine load detecting sensor for detecting an engine load, engine speed detecting sensor for detecting an engine speed, fuel supply controller, based on the output signals from the engine load detecting sensor and the engine speed detecting sensor, for producing control signals

Abstract: To accelerate a combustion within an entire combustion chamber including the vicinity of an opening portion for air suction to thereby make uniform a flame propagation in a combustion chamber structure for an internal combustion engine, and to provide a technology for preventing the generation of knocks, a longitudinal sectional shape of a top wall surface of the combustion chamber is in the form of a substantially triangular shape in longitudinal section defined and surrounded by a cylinder head, a cylinder and a piston. A projection is provided on a circumferential edge portion of a top surface of the piston, with a surface, facing the top wall surface of the combustion chamber, of the projection being substantially in parallel with the top wall surface of the combustion chamber. A cutaway portion is formed in the vicinity of at least a portion, facing the intake opening portion, of the projection of the top surface of the piston.

Abstract: In order to optimize combustion in a four-stroke spark-ignition engine with direct fuel injection, the conditions of charge flow are improved by providing the top surface of each piston with an essentially U-shaped guiding rib, which is open towards the exhaust side of the combustion chamber, fuel injection taking place into the concave area inside the guiding rib. The nozzle opening of the fuel injection device as well as the ignition source are positioned in the area of the cylinder center, i.e., preferably on different sides of the longitudinal center plane of the engine.

Abstract: In a method for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine wherein compressed gas is drawn from the combustion chamber during the compression phase of a working cycle, mixed with fuel, and injected into the combustion chamber together with the fuel during the subsequent working cycle, an ignitible mixture must be provided at the point where ignition is initiated.

Abstract: An improved spark ignition engine system producing a large continuous, centrally directed, flow coupled ignition spark discharge through combustion chamber (1), piston (4), inlet system (28/29), spark plug (5), and ignition spark discharge (26) design, and through the location and orientation, with respect to the mixture flow field, of a special design firing end and gap (7/9) of a spark plug fired with a spark discharge of hundreds of watts of power for hundreds of microseconds without spark segmentation or spark break-up by the flow field of up to about 20 m/sec flow velocity, with bulk flow occurring at the spark plug site at most engine speeds including low speeds to produce a very large centrally directed spark-initial flame front kernel which allows for substantial dilution of the mixture and significant reduction in engine cycle-to-cycle variation under most operating conditions of the engine including low speed light load.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a pair of first and second cylinders (12,14) communicating with a combustion chamber (20) the first cylinder having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder. First and second pistons (16,18) are provided in the cylinders. An inlet port is provided in the first cylinder for delivering a charge of unthrottled fuel while a fuel injector (36) is controlled by a control means (37) to deliver a charge of fuel into the second cylinder (14) as soon as possible after commencement of an induction stroke of the second piston. Movement of the fuel/air mixture from the second cylinder (14) into the combustion chamber (20) is prevented until the second piston (18) is at or near its inner dead center position. The second piston (18) may be formed as a protrusion on the crown of the first piston (16) with the second cylinder (14) being an extension of the first cylinder (12).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a head with valve assemblies for controlling intake and exhaust gases to and from piston chambers. A head plate is located between the head and a block having cylinders accommodating pistons. The head plate has openings in communication with the cylinders and valve assemblies. Each valve assembly has a continuous ceramic sleeve having an intake port, and an exhaust port. Rotatably disposed within the sleeve is a rotatable valve body having a valving combustion chamber open to a piston chamber. A spark plug is mounted on each valve body. A ceramic segment seal mounted on the valving body has sealing surfaces engageable with the sleeve. A face seal is located between the head plate and the rotating valve body. The valving body and seal are rotatably driven to sequentially align the valving combustion chamber with the intake port and exhaust port during the operation of the engine.

Abstract: Two pistons in adjacently situated cylinders in a twin-piston two-stroke engine share a common combustion chamber. To ensure low exhaust gas emissions with low consumption, a lean mixture is burnt whereof the complete combustion is made possible by designing the combustion chamber so that circulation of the ignited mixture takes place and the mixture burns through rapidly. The twin-piston two-stroke engine may also be devised to run with a stratified charge, the centrally arranged partition in the twin cylinder providing excellent separation between the lean and rich mixture portions.

Abstract: Improved combustion chamber configurations for two-cycle engines with high pressure fuel injected systems having reciprocal pistons, cylinders with multiple injectors for each cylinder and a cylinder head liner with a chamber having a discoidal configuration that cooperates with a piston head structure to generate a toroidal, swirling, compressed air flow during compression strokes of the reciprocating piston.

Abstract: A new piston design is disclosed for use in internal combustion engines. The invention consists of a piston that has a turbine insert installed inside an internal cavity. The turbine insert has a set of turbine blades mounted under the piston head. The piston head has an inlet port, located in the center of the piston head, and a series of outlet ports concentrically placed around the perimeter of the piston head. In practice, the air fuel mixture in the cylinder is forced into the piston through the piston inlet port as the piston is moved towards the cylinder head during the compression stroke. The air fuel mixture is then swirled by the turbine blades within the piston and then forced out of the piston through the outlet ports. One embodiment of the invention uses angled outlet ports that help direct the air/fuel mixture to the center of the cylinder. A second embodiment of the invention disloses a threaded turbine assembly instead of the pin-held insert of the first embodiment.

Abstract: A deflector piston two stroke internal combustion engine has a piston (10) reciprocable in a cylinder and sealed thereto by means of piston rings (P2), the cylinder having communicating with it a scavenge part SC2) and an exhaust part (E2). The piston crown has an upper first planar surface lying at right angles to the piston cylinder axis and a lower parallel planar surface, these two surfaces being connected by a deflector edge (D). The upper planar surface co-operates, at or near top-dead-center with a complementary planar surface on the interior (underside as shown) of the cylinder head with which it has a minimum clearance C2. The approach of these surfaces as top-dead-center is approached generates a "squish" that is a jet of fuel/air mixture in the direction of arrow (S2) towards the spark plug which improves combustion.

Abstract: A piston for use in the cylinders of internal combustion engines of either spark ignition or compression ignition type. A succession of interrupted ribs, aligned along arcs of increasing radius, stand proud of the piston crown surface to promote turbulence in the unburned charge as the flame spreads to meet them. The solid parts of all the ribs are preferably arranged in a regular pattern, and may be of such arcuate extent and so staggered from arc to arc that no sector of the flame can spread straight across the surface of the piston crown without being deflected by at least one solid part. The surface of the crown may be divided into upper and lower levels by a step, with ribs standing up from both levels.

Abstract: A piston for attenuation of detonation in a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine has a top wall accommodating a cap. The cap has an upwardly and inwardly inclined first section, a downwardly and inclined second section and a transverse wall at the inner end of the second section. The transverse wall projects upwardly from the top wall of the piston and extends across the piston in the direction of movement of the flame front in the combustion chamber. The first section has a plurality of channels providing paths for the flame front. The second section has an additional channel providing a further path for the flame front. The flame front commences at the ignition point moves over the cap and the transverse wall. The transverse wall provides an abrupt increase in the cross sectional areas of the combustion chamber in the direction of travel of flame front which attenuates detonation in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An improved dome-shaped piston head is disclosed characterized by a plurality of channels, depressions, and recesses which enhance the flow of an air-fuel mixture around the piston head in a combustion chamber and the flow of exhaust gases from the chamber. Specifically, the dome-shaped head portion includes a pair of depressions in its intake and exhaust side portions for increasing swirl of the air-fuel mixture. The intake side portion of the piston head also includes first and second channels which cooperate with the intake depression to direct the incoming air-fuel mixture around the piston dome and upwardly into the combustion chamber with swirling turbulence. The exhaust side portion of the piston head includes a pair of tapered recesses on opposite sides of the exhaust depression for directing exhaust gases toward the exhaust opening.

Abstract: A reciprocating lens-like combustion space is formed in a piston internal combustion engine which is located with approximately one-half in a recess of the piston top and with approximately the other half in the cylinder head. By the dimensioning of the combustion space and the coordination thereof to the inlet and exhaust valve, a vortex flow is produced with a ring-shaped mixing zone of high fuel concentration, in which the ignition electrodes of two spark plugs are arranged diametrally opposite one another.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head forming a plurality of cylinders with a piston in each cylinder, a camshaft to open and close intake and exhaust ports, and a crankshaft to enable the piston to move back and forth in a reciprocating motion, wherein the piston is formed with a plurality of passageways extending from spaced inlets around its circumferential edge towards spaced outlets around the center of the piston head, and wherein the actuating means for the camshaft opens the exhaust port of each cylinder before the end of the power stroke. The internal combustion engine runs with a four stroke cycle of operation, but develops a power stroke divided into two phases. During the first phase of the power stroke, the combustible fluid mixture in the variable volume chamber of each cylinder is ignited to develop power and move the piston due to the expansion of the fluid mixture in a closed chamber.

Abstract: The combustion structure of an internal combustion engine comprises a cavity formed in the end wall of the piston and a projection on said piston adjacent its cavity to that the projection in the injection, ignition and combustion phase of the cycle only constricts communication between the two cavities and defines with the cavity in the wall a combustion chamber in which at least three distinct swirls of fluid are induced by the shape of the projection and a resultant three-dimensional circulation sweeps throughout this chamber. The fuel is injected into the circulation in this chamber and ignition takes place therein as well.

Abstract: Modifications of piston top geometry eliminate the formation of the coherent roll-up vortex characteristic of most engines and dissipatively mix absorbed HC from the cylinder wall with hot gases in the cylinder to reduce unburned HC emissions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a cylinder 16, a cylinder head 10, and a piston 12 slidably mounted within the cylinder for reciprocating movement towards and away from the cylinder head, together defining a reaction chamber 22. The piston and cylinder head include cooperating structure for inducing rotative movement in a fuel/air mixture within the cylinder before and after the combustion reaction. The structure comprises at least two projections 50, 51 rising upwardly from a top the surface of the piston and disposed symmetrically about a central axis in a side-by-side interfitting, "yin and yang" relationship. The projections are defined by respective inclined, lateral surfaces 50a, 51a that merge with horizontal surface portions 58, 59 of the piston, the horizontal extent of which taper from the base of the associated projection; the upper portion of the projections terminate in respective circular edge surfaces 56, 57.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, which has a combustion chamber with a coordinated piston where the combustion chamber is divided into a first and second section, and where the piston has an extension which slides into the second chamber section during the later part of the piston's upward movement, and compresses the fuel-air mixture contained in that chamber section to a pressure somewhat higher than the pressure in the first section. The second chamber wall and the piston extension has two air passages, which are coordinated in such a way that during the last part of the compression cycle, the air passages overlap and provide an escape passage for the fuel-air mixture in the second section which is released suddenly into the first combustion chamber section and sets the fuel-air mixture in that section in a swirling motion, which helps to better mix the fuel and the air, and facilitates the ignition process of a lean mixture when used with a suitably adapted, extended electric spark ignition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-cycle, internal combustion engine including an engine block, and a cylinder in the engine block having a head and generally opposed inlet and outlet walls respectively including at least one intake port through which a fresh charge is admitted into the cylinder and at least one outlet port through which exhaust gases are exhausted from the cylinder. A piston is mounted for reciprocative movement inside the cylinder between a first position spaced from the cylinder head wherein the intake port is uncovered, a top dead center position, and a third position wherein the piston approaches the top dead center position. The piston has a top, an inlet face portion which periodically covers and uncovers the intake port and an outlet face portion which periodically covers and uncovers the outlet port. The piston and cylinder have a configuration causing increased swirling of the fresh charge in the cylinder as the piston moves from the third position to the top dead center position.

Abstract: This piston design serves to increase engine horsepower, and causes less friction, while simultaneously reducing fuel consumption. It consists primarily of a propeller-topped piston, secured, by its wrist pin, in a rotatable swivel member in the top of a connecting rod, that is secured to an engine crankshaft.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shaped squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. The second raised portion has a front face which comprises a gently inclined front face portion and a steeply inclined front face portion. The gently inclined front face portion is arranged beneath the exhaust valve, and the steeply inclined front face portion is arranged beneath the intake valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. A recess is formed on the top face of the combustion chamber and arranged on an extension of the second squish area. The spark plug is arranged in the recess.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. The third raised portion has a steeply inclined side wall extending upwards from the ridge of the second raised portion. A depression having a vertically extending peripheral wall is formed in the central portion of the top face of the piston. The peripheral wall is aligned with the vertically extending side wall of the first raised portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. The surface areas of the first squish area and the second squish area which are located near said exhaust valve are larger than those of the first squish area and the second squish area which are located near the intake valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber and an accumulation chamber which are interconnected to each other via a mixture passage. An accumulation valve is arranged in the mixture passage and opened during the compression stroke. The mixture passage is connected to the combustion chamber at an opening formed on the peripheral inner wall of the cylinder head. The opening of the mixture passage is covered by the rear face of the raised portion formed on the top face to the piston when the piston reaches the top dead center.