Abstract: An engine is equipped with a fuel injector in an intake passageway immediately upstream of an intake valve. Air introduced from the intake passageway upstream of a throttle valve is ejected toward a clearance between the valve head of the intake valve and a valve seat, when the intake valve is opened. The ejected air stream strikes against the sprayed fuel injected from the fuel injector to improve the atomization of injected fuel and to form homogeneous air-fuel mixture to be inducted into the combustion chamber of the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to exhaust and induction manifolds used in internal combustion engines and in particular to those types of engines employing cylinder ventillating facilities at each end of the piston stroke. The upper-stroke process flows, comprising the initial induction and final exhaust pumping events, are controlled in the conventional manner using poppet valves located within the cylinder clearance volume while the lower piston stoke process flows, which define the engine bottom-cycle pumping events, are controlled by bidirectional flow ejector design at side-ports positioned along the slidable working surface of the engine cylinder. The integrated flow pattern between the upper-stroke and lower-stroke process controls overlap at certain portions of the engine operation providing vertical ventillation of the engine cylinder at each bottom-stroke piston position for each discrete engine process.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine which is provided with a throttle valve of the type which, when slightly opened, provides a flow of intake gases which is biased towards one particular side of the intake passage, a vane is provided, which particularly directs gases passing near that one particular side of the intake passage towards a portion of the edge of the inlet port which is most remote from the central axis of the power cylinder, whereby good swirl and turbulence are generated in the power cylinder, especially during low and medium load operation of the engine.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine which is provided with a throttle valve of the type which, when slightly opened, provides a flow of intake gases which is biased towards one particular side of the intake passage, and which is provided with a helical type inlet port which has a helical surface leading to the combustion chamber which imparts swirl to inlet gases, a vane is provided, which particularly directs gases passing near that one particular side of the intake passage towards the start of the helical surface, whereby good swirl and turbulence are generated in the power cylinder, especially during low and medium load operation of the engine.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of cylinders each having a helically-shaped intake port. The helically-shaped intake port comprises a helical portion having the outlet open end, and an inlet passage portion having an inlet open end and tangentially connected to the helical portion. The intake valve is arranged in the outlet open end. The engine further comprises a common connecting passage and a plurality of branch connecting passages each being in communication with the common connecting passage. Each of the branch connecting passages opens into the inlet open end of the corresponding helically-shaped intake port at a position near the upper wall of the helically-shaped intake port.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder engine comprising a carburetor housing forming therein at least two branch mixture passages. Each of the branch mixture passages is connected to a respective intake port. A throttle valve of the carburetor is provided for each cylinder. Each of the throttle valves is arranged in the respective branch mixture passage and attached onto a common throttle shaft. A wedge shaped groove is formed on the bottom inner wall of each of the branch mixture passages, and the common throttle shaft is arranged in the wedge shaped groove for causing the mixture to flow only along the upper wall of the branch mixture passage. A single common connecting passage and branch connecting passages which are connected to the common connecting passage are provided.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust valves and a companion piston therefor in a cylinder block is proposed, the piston being provided with several depressions of varying depth and area and interconnected by a guide groove to control flow of the gaseous mixture from one depression to another. A first of the depressions in the piston is located at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the piston and one of the valves has a flat face which is substantially received in the depression. The other depression in the piston also has an axis that is spaced from the longitudinal axis of the piston with the guide groove which communicates with the first depression having a mouth that extends substantially tangentially into said second depression so that the vortex gaseous flow rotates approximately parallel to said piston top about the central longitudinal axis of the second depression toward the end of the compression stroke.

Abstract: An induction system for an internal combustion engine that improves efficiency through increasing flame propagation at low and medium speeds and loads. This is accomplished through the use of a relatively small cross sectional area auxiliary induction system through which at least a portion of the charge requirements are supplied. The small cross sectional area causes the charging to be introduced at a high velocity, thus increasing turbulence in the intake charge to promote rapid flame propagation when the spark plug is fired. At least a portion of the idle charge is also delivered through the main induction passage so as to reduce the velocity of the intake charge. The charge delivered through the main induction system flows at an angle to that discharged from the auxiliary induction system so that the two flow paths will create internal turbulence due to their different directions.

Abstract: An emission control method is disclosed for the current, conventional, piston type, spark ignition, gasoline or equivalent fueled internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder. The method of the present invention increases the engine's fuel economy upwards of 70% from its current level. The emission control method being accomplished by engine modifications including a dual induction system adapted to provide to the engine a relatively low (lean) fuel content and therefore a relatively low power fuel-air mixture. This accomplishes an increased fuel economy and a substantially emission free exhaust, as pertains to the fuel alone. The dual induction system includes a heated intake supplying all of the fuel to the engine in a highly-heated state and a small percentage of the total inducted air, equally as highly heated. The dual induction system also includes an unheated and relatively much larger capacity cold air intake adapted to supply all of the unheated air inducted by the engine.

Abstract: An extra induction passage extends to an intake port for each combustion chamber to induct air, fuel or recirculated exhaust gas by utilizing vacuum in the intake port. This passage terminates at a jet-producing nozzle which is located near the end of a valve guide for an ordinary intake valve and directed towards a peripheral region of the inlet opening of the combustion chamber. Preferably, the extra induction passage extends outside of the valve guide, and a valve which acts in synchronism with the intake valve is provided to this passage or the nozzle. A gas jet from the nozzle, particularly under low-load conditions, promotes homogenization of a combustible gas mixture and causes a turbulent or swirling motion of the mixture in the combustion chamber, so that combustion proceeds rapidly and smoothly even though the mixture comprises large excess air or large amount of exhaust gas.

Abstract: A dual intake valve type internal combustion engine comprises a main intake valve and an auxiliary intake valve. The main intake valve is so constructed that the combustible gas mixture introduced into the combustion chamber therethrough is caused to generate a swirl motion. A variable valve lift type of auxiliary intake valve is constructed, and the valve lift of the auxiliary intake valve is varied in accordance with the changes in the engine operating conditions.

Abstract: Several embodiments of fuel injected internal combustion engines having improved injection and induction systems for improving performance, particularly at low speeds. In each embodiment, the injection nozzle is disposed in a position so as to have its discharge spray directed against a throttle valve of the engine so as to improve fuel vaporization at low engine speeds. In each embodiment, an auxiliary induction system is also provided having a relatively small cross sectional area. The idle and low load charge requirements of the engine are supplied through this auxiliary induction system to further improve vaporization and also to promote turbulence in the chamber at the time of combustion. The fuel injection nozzles of the embodiment are disposed so that their discharge spray either intercepts the inlet opening to the auxiliary induction system or is diverted by the throttle valve toward this opening. In one embodiment of the invention, two fuel injection nozzles are employed which discharge alternately.

Abstract: A spark ignition fuel injection reciprocatory internal combustion engine with dual induction system is provided which has within a cylinder head a primary intake port passage to direct air charge into a cylinder to swirl therein and a secondary intake port passage to direct air charge into the cylinder in such a direction as to impede and reduce the swirling motion of the air charge issuing from the primary intake port passage. An intake valve, including a valve stem and a valve head, is reciprocably mounted within the cylinder head, and an annular wall or tube is fixedly positioned in a bore in the cylinder head. The primary intake port passage communicates with the exterior of this tube and the secondary intake port passage communicates with the interior of the tube. This tube extends to a position closely adjacent to, or in engagement with, the valve head of the intake valve when the valve is in the closed position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a duplex carburetor, an engine cylinder, a pair of primary and secondary venturis and an intake manifold connected between the cylinder and the carburetor, the manifold having a common chamber located downstream of the venturis and a pair of primary and secondary branch intake passages opening to the cylinder through a pair of intake ports, respectively. There is a valve in the secondary intake passage for controlling the flow of air-fuel mixture therethrough, the valve being opened by a control mechanism including a vacuum servo which receives a vacuum signal from a port opening to the secondary venturi for actuating link means connected to the control valve. The secondary passage is normally blocked and is only opened when the engine rotates at high speed under heavy load.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. A secondary throttle valve is arranged in the intake passage located downstream of the throttle valve of a carburetor. A secondary intake passage is branched off from the intake passage located between the secondary throttle valve and the throttle valve of the carburetor and opens into the intake port at a position near the intake valve.

Abstract: A spark ignition reciprocatory internal combustion engine with dual induction system is provided which has within a cylinder head a primary induction passage or a primary intake port passage to direct fluid charge into a cylinder to swirl therein and a secondary induction passage or a secondary intake port passage to direct fluid charge into the cylinder in such a direction as to impeded and reduce the swirling motion of the first fluid charge to provide a low "swirl ratio" within the cylinder, thereby to maintain the volumetric efficiency of the engine at a sufficiently high level. A primary throttle valve is provided to control the quantity of fluid charge entering into the primary induction passage and a secondary throttle valve is provided to control the quantity of fluid charge entering into the secondary induction passage.

Abstract: An engine is equipped with a fuel injector in an intake passageway immediately upstream of an intake valve. Air introduced from the intake passageway upstream of a throttle valve is ejected toward a clearance between the valve head of the intake valve and a valve seat, when the intake valve is opened. The ejected air stream strikes against the sprayed fuel injected from the fuel injector to improve the atomization of injected fuel and to form homogeneous air-fuel mixture to be inducted into the combustion chamber of the engine.

Abstract: An induction system for an internal combustion engine consisting of a relatively large main induction system and a relatively small sub or auxiliary induction system. A throttle valve arrangement is provided so that a charge, issuing from a charge forming device, is delivered to the engine combustion chambers through the small auxiliary induction system during idle and light load operation. This increases the velocity of the charge entering the combustion chambers and the turbulence in the chamber at the time of ignition. As a result, combustion propagation is increased and both fuel economy and cleanness of running are improved. In higher loads, an increasing proportion of the charge is delivered to the combustion chambers through the main induction passage so as to provide good volumetric efficiency and insure against the loss of performance.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder engine comprising a carburetor housing forming therein at least two branch mixture passages. Each of the branch mixture passages is connected to a respective intake port. A throttle valve of the carburetor is provided for each cylinder. Each of the throttle valves is arranged in the respective branch mixture passage. A common connecting passage and branch connecting passages which are connected to the common connecting passage are provided. Each of the branch connecting passages opens into the respective intake port in the vicinity of the rear face of the valve head of the corresponding intake valve. In addition to the common connecting passage, another common connecting passage and second branch connecting passages, which are connected to the other common connecting passage, are provided. Each of the second branch connecting passages opens into the respective intake port at a position located downstream of the corresponding throttle valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion diesel engine has a fuel injection means for injecting fuel directly into one or more combustion chambers. Each combustion chamber has a first air-intake duct for supplying air to the combustion chamber, which first duct is designed as a swirl duct. A second air-intake is associated with each combustion chamber and is connected in parallel with the first duct for supplying an increasing quantity of substantially swirl-free air to the combustion chamber in response to increasing engine speed.

Abstract: An ignition engine comprising a cylinder head, a cylinder and a piston reciprocable therein, first inlet means for admitting a first gas which contains fuel into a central region of the cylinder, and second inlet means for admitting a second gas which does not contain fuel or contains significantly less fuel than the first gas, said second gas being confined generally adjacent to the cylinder walls, and an ignition device located generally centrally of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A spark ignition fuel injection reciprocatory internal combustion engine with dual induction system has within a cylinder head a primary intake passage to direct air fuel mixture charge into a cylinder to swirl therein and a secondary intake passage to direct air charge into the cylinder in such a direction as to impede the swirling motion of the air fuel mixture charge, thereby to maintain the volumetric efficiency of the engine at a sufficiently high level. A fuel injector is so positioned as to discharge fuel into the primary intake passage. An air flow sensor is provided upstream of primary and secondary throttle valves to detect the total of flow of induction air fed to the engine so that fuel is discharged at a rate proportional to the total induction air flow. Under engine operating conditions when only the primary throttle valve opens, air fuel mixture charge will swirl at a sufficiently high rate as to enhance evaporation and dispersion of fuel droplets.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder engine comprising a carburetor housing forming therein at least two branch mixture passages. Each of the branch mixture passages is connected to a respective intake port. A throttle valve of the carburetor is provided for each cylinder. Each of the throttle valves is arranged in the respective branch mixture passage and attached onto a common throttle shaft. A wedge shaped groove is formed on the upper inner wall of each of the branch mixture passages, and the common throttle shaft is arranged in the wedge shaped groove for causing the mixture to flow only along the bottom wall of the branch mixture passage. A single common connecting passage and branch connecting passages which are connected to the common connecting passage are provided. Each of the branch connecting passages opens into the respective intake port in the vicinity of the rear face of the valve head of the corresponding intake valve.

Abstract: Several embodiments of internal combustion engines each having an arrangement for increasing turbulence in the combustion chamber under at least certain load and/or speed conditions so as to permit the use of a relatively simple spark advance mechanism. In each embodiment, the flame propogation is controlled by controlling the degree of turbulence to achieve the desired effect. The turbulence is generated by causing induction of at least a portion of the engine charge requirements through a relatively small cross sectional area auxilliary induction passage. Because of the small cross sectional area, high flow velocities are generated which are maintained in the combustion chamber. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the degree of turbulence is controlled by either shunting some of the air flow through the main induction passage or by introducing controlled amounts of exhaust gas products.

Abstract: Several embodiments of internal combustion engines having relatively large main induction passages and relatively small auxiliary induction passages for delivering a charge to the chambers of the engine. Valve means control the proportion of flow to the chambers through the respective passages so that the low and medium charge requirements are supplied primarily by the auxiliary induction passage. This causes improved turbulance in the chamber at the time of combustion and promotes smooth running, good fuel economy and reduction in unwanted exhaust gas constituents. In conjunction with one feature of the invention, means are provided for accelerating the rate of valve movement during the transition from mixture supply from the auxiliary to the main induction passages to improve performance. In accordance with another feature of the invention, an arrangement is provided for permitting compact placement of the control valves.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a relatively large main induction system that supplies the engine charge requirements at partial and full load and a relatively small cross-sectional area auxiliary induction system that provides the charge requirements at idle and low load conditions. An exhaust gas recirculating system is also incorporated with a control whereby exhaust gases are recirculated to the engine combustion chambers only at the time when the auxiliary induction system is supplying the major portion of the engine charge requirements. This permits effective combustion control without necessitating modifications to the conventional spark timing device of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber and an accumulation chamber which are interconnected to each other via a mixture passage. An accumulation valve is arranged in the mixture passage and opened during the compression stroke. The mixture passage is connected to the combustion chamber at an opening formed on the peripheral inner wall of the cylinder head. The opening of the mixture passage is covered by the rear face of the raised portion formed on the top face to the piston when the piston reaches the top dead center.

Abstract: A four-stroke reciprocatory internal combustion engine has a scavenging phase in which air is admitted under pressure into the cylinder and has a swirl generating phase in which a high-speed jet of air is admitted under pressure into the cylinder so as to swirl air fuel mixture charge in the cylinder around the cylinder axis. The engine has, in addition to an intake valve that controls induction of air fuel mixture into the cylinder, a separate air inlet valve which effects the scavenging phase and swirl generating phase.

Abstract: A spark ignition reciprocatory internal combustion engine with dual induction system is provided in which at low and intermediate loads when only a primary throttle valve within a primary induction system opens, a primary intake port passage within a cylinder head will direct fluid charge into a combustion chamber in a cylinder to swirl therein as a primary intake valve opens, while, at high loads when a secondary throttle valve within a secondary induction system opens also, a secondary intake port passage within the cylinder head will direct fluid charge into the combustion chamber in the cylinder in such a direction as to impede and reduce the swirling motion of the fluid charge from the primary intake port passage as a secondary intake valve opens, thereby to maintain the volumetric efficiency of the engine at a sufficiently high level. The secondary intake valve is operated to open in synchronization with the opening of the primary intake valve.