Abstract: In the embodiments described in the specification, a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine has intake and exhaust valve opening and closing times arranged to permit scavenging of the combustion chamber with fresh gas and a valve control is provided to advance the intake valve closing time as a function of engine load in order to increase the compression stroke under partial load conditions. The intake valve opening time and the exhaust valve opening and closing time may also be changed in accordance with the load.

Abstract: An intake reservoir for an engine having an intake passage leading to a cylinder, and a check valve in the intake passage to allow fluid flow toward the cylinder and obstruct fluid back-flow in the reverse direction. An intake valve is seated in the intake passage between the check valve and cylinder. A bypass port is located on the intake passage so that the bypass port communicates with a trapped volume defined by the portion of the intake passage between the check valve and intake valve. The intake reservoir comprises a reservoir cavity having a single cavity port, and a port passage connected between the cavity port and the bypass port enabling fluid flow between the trapped volume and the reservoir cavity. The intake reservoir further comprises a control valve connected to the port passage enabling active adjustment of the flow area of the port passage throughout a range of engine operating conditions to regulate fluid flow between the trapped volume and reservoir cavity.

Abstract: A supercharged engine has a geometric compression ratio of more than 8.5, and engine specifications are set to establish a relation, Y.gtoreq.-1.75X+10, in which an intake port closing timing Y is expressed by a crank angle after the piston reaches BDC and an overlapping angle X is expressed by a crank angle for an overlapping time period during which the intake valve and exhaust valve are both open.

Abstract: The invention provides an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocal in the cylinder, an accumulation chamber, a supply conduit including a check valve and extending between the cylinder and the accumulation chamber, a supply valve having a valve head located between the cylinder and the check valve and operable between an open position and a closed position to control gas flow from the cylinder through the supply conduit to the accumulation chamber, and an arrangement responsive to the pressure in the accumulation chamber and in the cylinder for selectively moving the supply valve relative to the open position and the closed position.

Abstract: The invention provides an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a head end and adapted to have air and fuel combusted therein and a piston reciprocate therein relative to the head end, an exhaust port adapted to conduct combusted air and fuel from the cylinder, structure defining an accumulation chamber, a passageway communicating with the accumulation chamber and with the cylinder at a predetermined position located between the exhaust port and the top dead center position, and structure for blocking the passageway in response to travel of the piston toward the head end and to passage of at least a portion of the piston over the predetermined position, so that the accumulation chamber is substantially prevented from receiving combusted air and fuel when the piston travels away from the head end.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving the performance of an internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of inducting a charge of fluid into the combustion chamber of the engine, holding the intake valve of the combustion chamber open during a portion of the compression stroke of the piston in the combustion chamber, expelling a portion of the inducted charge from the combustion chamber by movement of the piston in its compression stroke while the intake valve is held open, preventing the expelled portion of the inducted charge from communicating with the atmosphere by providing a check valve between the induction manifold and the atmosphere, the check valve only permitting flow in the direction from the atmosphere into the induction manifold; and closing the intake valve during the remainder of the compression stroke and after the portion of the induction charge is expelled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling the working cycle of a four-stroke internal combustion engine which is supercharged by at least one exhaust-driven turbo-compressor (4), and also to an arrangement for carrying out the method. Each cylinder of the engine is provided with an inlet valve (2) to which the compressor (5) of the turbo-compressor (4) delivers air through an inlet pipe (6), and also with an outlet valve (3) from which gases are passed from the cylinder to the turbine (7) of the turbo-compressor (4) through an outlet pipe (8). According to the invention each cylinder is further provided with a pressure control valve (9) which is connected to the outlet pipe (8) by a pressure control line (10), between the outlet valve (3) and the turbine (7) of the turbo-compressor (4).

Abstract: A prime mover comprises a positive displacement engine (100), such as a reciprocating or rotary piston engine, which is linked to a turbine/turbocompressor set, such as the gas turbine engine (102). The exhaust gases of the positive displacement engine pass through a duct (122) to drive the turbine (134) which drives the turbocompressor (106), which in turn turbocharges the positive displacement engine (100) through a duct (108). Disclosed are efficient overall operating cycles for such prime movers, advantageous adaptations of prime movers capable of performing such operating cycles, and operating cycles for the positive displacement engine (100) which enable it to contribute most effectively to the efficiency of the overall operating cycles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocal in the cylinder, an accumulation chamber, a supply conduit which includes a valve and which communicates between the cylinder and the accumulation chamber for supplying pressure gas from the cylinder to the accumulation chamber in response to piston reciprocation to thereby accumulate pressure gas in the accumulation chamber, a discharge conduit which includes a valve and which communicate between the accumulation chamber and the cylinder and is operative to selectively mix pressure gas from the accumulation chamber with fuel under pressure and to discharge the resultant fuel/gas mixture into the cylinder, and a fuel injector adapted to communicate with a source of fuel and operative to supply fuel under pressure to the discharge conduit at a pressure sufficient to open the valve in the discharge conduit and to mix pressure gas from the accumulation chamber with the fuel under pressure and discharge the resultant fuel

Abstract: A system of generating power in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. Each cylinder has a reciprocating piston passing in sequence through an intake stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke and an exhaust stroke. A charge is drawn from an intake manifold through an intake valve and into a cylinder during the intake stroke. Greater than half of a volume of the cylinder is displaced, thereby returning a substantial portion of the charge to the intake manifold through the intake valve during the compression stroke at all operating speeds. The remaining charge in the cylinder is compressed during the compression stroke after closing the intake valve. The charge is ignited to expand the charge and liberate energy during the power stroke. The cylinder is exhausted of burned charge during the exhaust stroke. The quantitative expansion of the charge during the power stroke is at least twice the quantitative compression of the charge during the compression stroke.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and an arrangement for controlling the working cycle of an internal combustion engine (1) which is supercharged by at least one exhaust-driven turbo-compressor (4,5). Each cylinder of the engine has an inlet valve (2) to which air is supplied from the turbo-compressors (4,5) through an induction or inlet line (12), and an outlet valve (3) from which the exhaust gases are passed through an outlet line (13) to the turbo-compressors (4,5). Each cylinder is also provided with a separate pressure control valve (19) which is connected to the induction system by a pressure control line (20) and which is intended to open when the piston, during the compression stroke, is located in a distance from the bottom-dead-center position (C) of the piston, and is intended to close when the piston, during the compression stroke, is located at a second predetermined position (D) in the cylinder at a greater distance from the bottom-dead-center position (C) of the piston.

Abstract: A device and method for introducing pressurized gas into a combustion chamber of an engine. The device includes a duct and an intermittent obstruction member, with the placing the cylinder and the combustion chamber in communication via said obstruction member.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying precompressed combustion air to an internal combustion engine. The engine having at least one piston including a piston cylinder, a piston positioned in the cylinder, and inlet and outlet ports in the cylinder. The apparatus includes a supercharger for compressing the combustion air which is transported, via a conduit, to the piston cylinder; a cooling element associated with the conduit for expanding and cooling the combustion air before the combustion air enters the cylinder; and a controller associated with the charger for controlling the volume of combustion air entering the piston cylinder. Also, disclosed is a method for supplying combustion air to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A two- or four-stroke internal combustion engine is provided having individual features and combinations of features not heretofore known which provide enhanced power, efficiency and braking performance compared to known engines.

Abstract: An intake system for an internal combustion engine comprises: an intake passage having an intake port and an inertial supercharging intake pipe leading from the passage; a rotary valve in the intake pipe and rotatable for opening and closing the intake pipe; and timing adjusting means for changing the opening timing of the rotary valve in accordance with engine speed.

Abstract: An extended expansion diesel cycle engine which achieves a fuel efficiency materially higher than that of an engine operating on the conventional diesel cycle. A venting valve means is operated to provide a selectable ratio of predetermined pre-compression swept volume (C) versus work producing expansion swept volume (E) in a range of substantially between 1:1.2 and 1:3. Suitable selection of this C/E ratio ensures expansion of the combustion gases to a significantly greater volume than the pre-compression volume of the original air charge, effecting a predictable drop in temperature and pressure of the wasted exhaust gases. The extended expansion feature produces the feasibility of having a fuel delivery means timed to ensure exclusively after top dead center (ATDC) fuel ignition and combustion, thereby reducing heat dissipation, thus limiting cooling loss and significantly improving torque potential.

Abstract: An intake manifold arrangement for internal combustion engines whereby the combustion chamber can be supercharged without the use of mechanical gears and/or pumps. A pressure chamber is mounted upon the combustion chamber and communicates with the combustion chamber and an air and fuel mixture supply. A check valve for selectively allowing the mixture to enter the pressure chamber is provided between the air and fuel supply and the pressure chamber. An intake valve for providing selective communication between the pressure chamber and the combustion chamber is provided and controlled by the compression ratio control mechanism. The compression ratio control mechanism includes an axially slidable cam having a lifting surface of greater duration axially at one end of the cam than the other end of the cam. The cam is selectively axially shifted by an accelerator pedal which controls a hydraulic piston coupled to the cam.

Abstract: The present invention provides an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber, a piston mounted within the combustion chamber and arranged to be sealingly engaged with walls of the combustion chamber, the piston being arranged for reciprocating motion between a first position in which combustion chamber is of maximum volume and a second position in which the combustion chamber is of minimum volume, wherein the combustion chamber further comprises an inlet-outlet control valve means in a region of the combustion chamber within the minimum volume defined by the piston in its second position, a fluid fuel injection means in a region of the combustion chamber within the minimum volume defined by the piston in its second position, a combustible mixture ignition means located in the region of the combustion chamber within the minimum volume defined by the piston in its second position, and the engine comprises an antechamber comprising an inlet means and spent combustible mixture outlet means, which

Abstract: In a combustion engine, the amount of working medium is controlled by allowing the engine to suck in an amount of working medium corresponding to full gas operation, of which a portion is then allowed to flow out again without being compressed, while an amount proportional to the current load is retained and compressed, the compression ratio being regulated as a function of the amount of working medium retained. In such an engine there is a movable member (4) for adjusting the compression ratio, the position of said member being controlled by a control means (9). Furthermore, there is at least one spill flow valve (12), the open-time of which is variable as a function of the current load of the engine.

Abstract: A compression control system for an internal combustion engine for preventing the engine from knocking and for improving starting characteristics including an air/fuel mixture feedback circuit for feeding some of an air/fuel mixture in an engine combustion chamber back to the intake duct at a controlled rate. The feedback rate of the air/fuel mixture is determined on the basis of the engine operational condition and is controlled by a compression control valve inserted in the feedback circuit. The compression control valve is associated with a controller which detects the engine operating condition and determines the open period of the compression control valve in accordance with the engine operating condition. The controller also detects the engine operational position in the engine revolution cycle to synchronize the operation of the compression control valve with the engine revolution so that the compression control valve is opened for the controlled duration during the compression stroke of the engine.

Abstract: An engine having a working chamber and a combustion chamber and a method for operating it are disclosed. The amount and compression ratio of air entering the combustion chamber are controlled by valves at the working chamber. The maximum possible amount of air is inducted into the working chamber, and then air is discharged until an amount necessary for the existing load on the engine remains. This remaining air is then compressed to a predetermined constant compression ratio at which it enters the combustion chamber. A proportional amount of fuel is supplied, and the resulting combustion gas is then transferred to do work in the working chamber. The amount of combustion gas transferred is sufficient to maintain a substantially constant pressure in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head forming a plurality of cylinders with a piston in each cylinder, a camshaft to open and close intake and exhaust ports, and a crankshaft to enable the piston to move back and forth in a reciprocating motion, wherein the piston is formed with a plurality of passageways extending from spaced inlets around its circumferential edge towards spaced outlets around the center of the piston head, and wherein the actuating means for the camshaft opens the exhaust port of each cylinder before the end of the power stroke. The internal combustion engine runs with a four stroke cycle of operation, but develops a power stroke divided into two phases. During the first phase of the power stroke, the combustible fluid mixture in the variable volume chamber of each cylinder is ignited to develop power and move the piston due to the expansion of the fluid mixture in a closed chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder block and a cylinder head. A combustion chamber is formed in the cylinder block and the cylinder head. An accumulation chamber is formed within the cylinder head and communicated with the combustion chamber via an operating valve. The accumulation chamber is disposed adjacent to an exhaust port of the engine and is heat exchangeable with the exhaust port. The operating valve is opened approximately at the time the compression stroke is commenced and is closed approximately at the time the compression stroke is completed. A cap is disposed at the entrance of the accumulation chamber and has a plurality of jets formed thereon. The compressed combustible gas mixture is accumulated within the accumulation chamber, heated by the heat transmitted from the exhaust port and spouted out into the combustion chamber, so that approximately uniform turbulences are generated in the combustion chamber and the flame speed is increased.

Abstract: A prechamber type diesel engine is provided with a cutoff valve in the throat connecting the prechamber and main chamber of each cylinder and operable in cyclically timed fashion to close and open communication between these chambers. Methods of engine operation are disclosed which utilize the cutoff valve to (1) trap combustion products in the prechamber from the previous expansion stroke for use in mixing with the fresh charge in the following compression stroke to provide internal EGR preferably stratified in the prechamber and (2) permit low compression ratio starting by trapping compression pressure in the prechamber from a previous compression stroke for addition to combustion chamber pressure developed on the following compression stroke to provide a higher cylinder pressure for starting than that provided by the overall compression ratio. Advantages of improved engine efficiency and reduced emission levels are anticipated.

Abstract: A decompression device for an internal combustion engine having a camshaft (4) with at least one cam (21) having a base circle (20) and a lobe elevated therefrom, a valve acting at a combustion chamber, and a transmitting member, e.g., a push rod (12), transmitting the lift of the cam (21) to the valve, has a control shaft (5), a decompression cam (11) and a ratched wheel (8) connected to the control shaft (5), and a shifting member (14) interworking with the ratched wheel (8) for resetting the decompression cam (11). The decompression cam (11) is arranged between the transmitting member and a cam-free part of the camshaft (4) and the shifting member (14) is arranged eccentrically at the camshaft (4) at a distance to the axis of the camshaft (4) which is greater than half the root diameter thereof.By this arrangement it is possible to lift the transmitting member, e.g., the push rod from the base circle of the cam of the camshaft without further supplementary means, simply by turning the decompression cam.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine 10 wherein only some compression is carried out in the engine 10 and including a tank 30 of compressed air, a pressure regulator 34, a fuel injector 28, and means 40 and 50 for connecting the foot pedal 38 to the pressure regulator 34 and the fuel injector 28, for controlling air and fuel feed to the combustion chambers 22 in response to throttle demand during high power demand conditions. The engine 10 compresses its own air for cruise conditions but uses stored compressed air (charged from a wayside source) for higher power demand. The engine can use spark or heat ignition, provides full expansion, can be two or four stroke and of the diesel or gasoline type. Compressed air can be generated more efficiently using central station power with a vast savings in the amount of oil consumed. Oxygen enriched (60-80% O.sub.2) compressed air can be used without high temperature problems because of the only partial compression and the high (cooling) expansion ratio and higher rpm.

Abstract: A method for improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine such as a Diesel engine, by ensuring, on the one hand, efficient cylinder scavenging, particularly at light engine loads and/or low speeds, and on the other hand, a reduction of the effective compression ratio resulting in temperature reduction preferably under high engine loads and/or at high speeds. Said method consists in creating, for each engine cylinder and each engine cycle, a reserve of compressed air, during the intake stage, with the intake air and in compressing it by retarding the closing of the intake valve. A non-return valve is accommodated in the intake conduit and said gas reserve is contained in the space between the intake valve and the non-return valve.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine has siamesed exhaust ports each of which is shared by two adjacent cylinders. The valve timings of intake and exhaust valves of the two cylinders are so adjusted that flow of the exhaust gases from one cylinder is not obstructed in the siamesed exhaust port by the flow of the exhaust gases from the other cylinder in order to prevent power outputs of the two cylinders from being unbalanced.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber and an accumulation chamber which are interconnected to each other via an accumulation valve. The opening operation of the accumulation valve is controlled so that the accumulation valve remains opened during the compression stroke. Fuel is fed into the accumulation chamber to form therein a rich mixture. In the first half of the compression stroke, a jet of the rich mixture is spouted out into the combustion chamber from the accumulation chamber to stratify the inside of the combustion chamber so that the rich mixture is collected around the spark plug. In the latter half of the compression stroke, a lean mixture in the combustion chamber flows into the accumulation chamber to accumulate the mixture under high pressure, which is spouted out into the combustion chamber at the next cycle, in the accumulation chamber.