Abstract: Embodiments of application relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a detection apparatus and method for quickly locating a wire fault of a serial bus and finding a cause. The apparatus is connected to a serial bus between a primary device and a secondary device, the serial bus includes a first bus and a second bus, and the apparatus includes a voltage divider module, a voltage follower module, a forward bias module, and a control module that are sequentially connected. The voltage divider module is configured to reduce a voltage of the first bus and a voltage of the second bus. The voltage follower module is configured to enhance an electrical signal of the first bus and an electrical signal of the second bus. The forward bias module is configured to forward bias the voltage of the first bus and the voltage of the second bus.

Abstract: A system for harmonizing knock in a plurality of cylinders included in an engine, the system comprises a plurality of knock sensors, and a controller coupled to each of the plurality of knock sensors. The controller is configured to receive a plurality of cylinder knock values corresponding to each of the plurality of knock sensors, and receive an average knock value. The controller determines a cylinder spark timing offset value for each cylinder in the plurality of cylinders from the average knock value and the cylinder knock values. The controller determines an average spark timing offset value. The controller also determines an adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders by subtracting the average spark timing offset value from a spark timing value of each of the plurality of cylinders.

Abstract: A method and a device for knock control of an internal combustion engine, a knock signal of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine being measured by a knock sensor and, on the basis thereof, a knock intensity is generated. The knock intensity is compared to a reference level in order to classify a combustion as a knocking or non-knocking combustion. Moreover, an arrangement is provided, which takes the level of the knock intensity into account for the determination of the reference level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a positive-ignition internal combustion engine, in which the ignition advance is controlled (CON) by means of an estimation (EST) of the distribution of the knock measurements (MEAS). This estimation (EST) makes it possible to determine, for these measurements (MEAS), a confidence interval (qmin, qmax) of a predetermined quantile of the distribution of the knock measurements (MEAS).

Abstract: A method for vibration dampening of a drive train is disclosed. The method includes determining torsional parameters of the drive train via a state controller based on reconstructed torsional parameters of the at least one flywheel mass detected by at least one observer, determining the reconstructed torsional parameters based on disturbances in both (i) a load torque (Mlast) applied at an output of a torque transmission device and (ii) an induced torque (Mind) transmitted via the torque transmission device, determining a compensation torque via the state controller based on the reconstructed torsional parameters, and controlling an electric machine via the state controller based on the compensation torque to compensate torsional vibrations.

Abstract: An automotive internal combustion engine combusts an air/fuel mixture to generate a drive torque. An engine control unit (ECU) determines a torque request to output a fuel request signal indicative of an amount of the fuel to inject into a cylinder of the engine. The ECU includes neural network controller installed with a neural network to generate a fuel setpoint signal based on the torque request and to define a combustion model of the engine. The neural network generates a start of injection (SOI) signal indicating a start time at which to inject the fuel based a crankshaft angle. The ECU further outputs the fuel request signal based on the fuel setpoint and the SOI. A fuel injector injects the fuel into the cylinder based on the fuel request signal to generate the drive torque indicated by the torque request.

Abstract: An operation status value detection unit detects two or more operation status values indicating an operation status of an internal combustion engine. A filtering processing unit applies filtering processing to the detected operation status values, and an operation status value difference calculation unit calculates the difference between the filter-processed operation status value and the corresponding non-filter-processed operation status value so as to calculate two or more operation status value differences. An operation status value difference normalization unit normalizes the two or more operation status value differences, based on predetermined reference values for the two or more operation status values, so as to calculate two or more normalized operation status value differences; and a transient correction unit corrects a control amount for controlling output of the internal combustion engine, based thereon, when the engine is in a transient-operation mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting a shaft shear event in a turbine engine. An accelerometer coupled to the engine detects an axial acceleration indicative of a shaft shear event in the engine. A control system is configured to, in response to the detected axial acceleration, transmit a signal to initiate a shut down of a fuel system of the engine.

Abstract: A method for recognizing the type of fuel actually used in an internal combustion engine; the recognition method includes the steps of: sensing the intensity of the vibrations generated by the internal combustion engine within a measurement time window; determining the value of at least one synthetic index by processing the intensity of the vibrations generated by the internal combustion engine within the measurement time window; comparing the synthetic index with at least one predetermined comparison quantity; and recognizing the type of fuel actually used as a function of the comparison of the synthetic index to the comparison quantity; and forcedly altering, when detecting the intensity of the vibrations, the engine control with respect to the normal standard engine control, so as to enhance the behavioral differences of the different types of fuel that can be used by the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The present tool and method relate to device fault detection, diagnosis and prognosis. More particularly, the present tool and method store in a database a plurality of measured indicators representative of at least one dynamic condition of the device. The present tool and method further binarize by a processor the plurality of measured indicators, and analyze the plurality of binarized measured indicators using a machine learning data tool for extracting at least one pattern from the binarized measured indicators by adding at least one different constraint to each iteration. The at least one extracted pattern is indicative of whether the device has a fault or not.

Abstract: Vehicle operating systems are autonomously operated. A transient in an upcoming path of the vehicle is determined from a comparison of vehicle path data and vehicle status data to a threshold of mechanism first operating system. Operational parameters for one of first and second operating systems are selected according to the comparison. The selected operational parameters are applied to the operation of the one of the first and second operating systems.

Abstract: A knock control apparatus for an internal combustion engine can remove regularly generated noise vibration in a simple and appropriate manner. The apparatus includes a knock sensor, a crank angle sensor, a vibration waveform detection unit that detects a vibration waveform of a knock natural frequency component, a vibration waveform average value calculation unit that calculates a vibration waveform average value corresponding to a noise vibration waveform by filtering the vibration waveform over a plurality of ignition cycles, a noise vibration waveform removal unit that removes the noise vibration waveform by subtracting the vibration waveform average value from the vibration waveform, a knock determination threshold value calculation unit that calculates a threshold value based on a peak value of the vibration waveform after removal of the noise vibration waveform, and a knock determination unit that determines whether a knock has occurred, by comparing the peak value with the threshold value.

Abstract: A microcomputer is formed of a CPU and a detection circuit and inputs sensor signals of a vibration sensor and a rotation sensor. The detection circuit includes an AD converter circuit for AD conversion of the sensor signal of the vibration sensor at a predetermined sampling interval, a peak hold circuit for detecting a peak value of the sensor signal, a RAM for storing the peak value, a counter for detecting a crank angle at a peak value detection time, and an angle calculation part. The microcomputer divides a pre-ignition check interval into plural interval units and checks the pre-ignition based on the peak value detected in each unit interval. The pre-ignition and the knock are checked by using different threshold values in an interval, in which the pre-ignition check interval overlaps a knock check interval.

Abstract: Method for analyzing the condition of a machine having a slowly rotating part, includes: rotating a rotatable part at a rotational speed of less than 50 rpm; generating an analogue electric measurement signal dependent on mechanical vibrations emanating from rotation of a shaft using a sensor having mechanical characteristics causing it to resonate at a certain resonance frequency; sampling the analogue measurement signal at a sampling frequency to generate a digital measurement data sequence in response to the received analogue measurement data; digitally filtering the digital measurement data sequence to obtain a filtered measurement signal and achieve a signal having a bandwidth between an upper and a lower frequency which is lower than the certain resonance frequency and the upper frequency being higher than the certain resonance frequency; generating a digitally enveloped signal in response to the filtered measurement signal by digitally rectifying the filtered measurement signal, and by digital low p

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed relates to a method and a network node that estimates a signal power and/or noise power of a received reference signal. The receiving node may operate in a communications system applying frequency division multiplexing. An assumption is that the channel frequency responses, on adjacent subcarriers of the communications system are equivalent or constant. The method comprising receiving a reference signal comprising a first reference signal from a first wireless terminal and a second reference signal from a second wireless terminal By using this assumption it is possible to combine first and second reference signal in order to estimating the signal power and/or noise power of a received reference signal without a conventional channel estimation technique.

Abstract: A knocking control system comprises a knocking determiner device for determining whether or not knocking with a predetermined intensity or higher has occurred in a cylinder of a gas engine in each cycle; an integration variable calculator which adds to an integration variable CT when the knocking determiner device determines that the knocking with the predetermined intensity or higher has occurred, and subtracts from the integration variable CT when the knocking determiner determines that the knocking with the predetermined intensity or higher has not occurred; and a main controller for reducing a power output of the cylinder if the integration variable CT is not less than a threshold.

Abstract: A knocking control system for a gas engine of the present invention, being configured to calculate a knocking occurrence ratio (SEV) which is a ratio of a cycle number of cycles in which a predetermined knocking occurs for a period of the cycles of the predetermined cycle number, to the predetermined cycle number, decide a target value of an ignition timing of the ignition device based on a deviation (?SEV) between an occurrence ratio delay calculation value (SEVAVE) obtained by performing delay calculation of the knocking occurrence ratio and a predetermined occurrence ratio target value (SEVSET), and drive the ignition device so that the ignition timing reaches a command value (IGN) decided according to the target value.

Abstract: A control device of an internal combustion engine includes a filter processing portion which performs a filter processing on the vibration level extracted by the vibration level extraction portion, and calculates a vibration level after the filter processing; and an abnormal ignition suppression control portion which compares the vibration level after the filter processing to the abnormal ignition determination value when a retard correction equal to or greater than a predetermined value is performed by the knock control portion, in a case where it is determined that the vibration level after the filter processing is equal to or greater than the abnormal ignition determination value, determines that the abnormal ignition is generated in the internal combustion engine, corrects and controls the combustion control portion in a direction of suppressing the abnormal ignition.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle is provided. The control system includes a signal processing module that receives a sensor signal and extracts a plurality of sample points from the sensor signal. A computation module computes a summation of the sample points, computes a summation of squares of the sample points, and computes a standard deviation based on the summation of the sample points and the summation of the squares of the sample points. A control module generates a control signal based on the sensor signal and the standard deviation.

Abstract: A control device of an internal combustion engine includes a filter processing portion which performs a filter processing on the vibration level extracted by the vibration level extraction portion, and calculates a vibration level after the filter processing; and an abnormal ignition suppression control portion which compares the vibration level after the filter processing to the abnormal ignition determination value when a retard correction equal to or greater than a predetermined value is performed by the knock control portion, in a case where it is determined that the vibration level after the filter processing is equal to or greater than the abnormal ignition determination value, determines that the abnormal ignition is generated in the internal combustion engine, corrects and controls the combustion control portion in a direction of suppressing the abnormal ignition.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling knock according to vehicle speed is disclosed. A knock control system has at least two settings, a first setting used for a first speed range and a second setting used for a second speed range. In another embodiment, knock may be controlled according to ambient noise measured directly within the motor vehicle.

Abstract: Methods for ascertaining the combustion noises of an internal combustion engine need only a structure-borne noise sensor and may be carried out using little computing power.

Abstract: A method of controlling the spark lead of an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder fitted with a spark plug; the method including the steps of: determining a standard spark lead value; determining an engine knock index in the cylinder; calculating a correction factor as a function of the engine knock index; determining a modified spark lead value by applying the correction factor to the standard spark lead value; and controlling the spark plug using the modified spark lead value. The correction factor is calculated by statistically analyzing a number of engine knock indexes to calculate a cumulative distribution; comparing the cumulative distribution with at least one target value; and modifying the current correction factor value as a function of the comparison between the cumulative distribution and the target value.

Abstract: Knocking control is performed using a data group of serial segments each including a predetermined number of values obtained by A/D-converting a signal that appears within a knocking detection window and a data group consisting of serial segments each including the predetermined number of values. The starting timing is shifted and a time-frequency analysis is applied to the data groups in a plurality of frequency bandwidths. Peak values and integration values of spectrums, within the knocking detection window, outputted after the time-frequency analysis in each of the frequency bandwidths are calculated. A P/H method is performed based on the peak value in each of the frequency bandwidths and an integration method is performed based on the integration value in each of the frequency bandwidths for a knocking determination. If knocking is detected through at least one of the methods, the ignition timing is delayed in order to avoid the knocking.

Abstract: A device and associated method for controlling ignition timing of an internal combustion engine are provided. By comparing a determination value and knock magnitude, determination of knocking is made, and ignition timing is advanced or retarded. The device includes an operation unit that sets a correction amount of the determination value to a value corresponding to a degree of change of the determination value over time. The operation unit calculates, at a first timing, a first value related to an average value of the determination values; and calculates, at a second timing later than the first timing, a second value related to the average value of the determination values. The degree of change of the determination value is calculated as a difference between the first value and the second value.

Abstract: A 90° integrated value calculating unit of an engine ECU calculates a 90° integrated value obtained by integrating a magnitude. A calculating unit calculates a knock magnitude by dividing 90° integrated value by a BGL. A value obtained by subtracting a standard deviation ? from a median value of 90° integrated value is determined as the BGL. An ignition timing control unit controls the ignition timing depending on whether knock magnitude is equal to or larger than a determination value. A median value calculating unit calculates median value of 90° integrated value. A standard deviation calculating unit calculates standard deviation of 90° integrated value. A first stop unit stops updating of median value and standard deviation when 90° integrated value is smaller than a first threshold value or is equal to or larger than a second threshold value.

Abstract: A knock control apparatus includes: a knock sensor for detecting knock of an internal combustion engine; a signal processing section for calculating a knock intensity; and knock determination level setting sections: for calculating an average value of the knock intensity; for calculating, based on the average value, an overall variance of the knock intensity of an entirety of a frequency distribution, a higher variance of the knock intensity above the average value, and a lower variance of the knock intensity below the average value; for calculating a standard deviation of the knock intensity from the overall variance; for presetting a value allowing the frequency distribution of the knock intensity to be a predetermined confidence interval as a confidence coefficient; and for setting a sum of the average value and a value obtained by multiplying the standard deviation by the corrected confidence coefficient as a knock determination level.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including a step of setting a search range of the crank angle of a peak value P that is the largest integrated value in a vibration waveform of an engine detected by calculating integrated values that are integrals of output voltage values of a knock sensor for every five degrees of a crank angle such that the search range may include the crank angle increasing with increase in engine speed NE, and a step of detecting the crank angle of the largest integrated value in the search range, and setting the detected crank angle as the crank angle of peak value P in the vibration waveform. At the crank angle based on the crank angle of peak value P, the vibration waveform is compared with a knock waveform model.

Abstract: Provided is a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine with which temporal and frequency resolutions necessary for analysis of a frequency of knock by digital signal processing are ensured with limited amounts of processing and memory. The control apparatus includes a lowpass filter for eliminating a high frequency component of an output signal from a knock sensor or a cylinder internal pressure sensor, an A/D conversion unit for performing A/D conversion on the output signal from the filter, and DFT processing units for performing digital signal processing on data obtained by the A/D conversion as knock detection units, each of the DFT processing units includes observation interval setting units for dividing the A/D-converted data to set observation intervals each containing a predetermined number of samples, and a multi-frequency simultaneous analysis unit for simultaneously analyzing multiple frequencies by a discrete Fourier transform for each of the set observation intervals.

Abstract: An engine control system includes a digital signal processing (DSP) module that generates a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of an engine knock signal generated by an engine knock sensor. An intensity determination module determines an engine knock intensity based on one of a maximum of and an average of the FFT. A status determination module determines a status of the engine knock sensor based on the engine knock intensity, a plurality of predetermined knock intensity thresholds, and a rotational speed of an engine crankshaft.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling knock according to engine speed is disclosed. A knock control system has at least two settings, a first setting used for a first speed range and a second setting used for a second speed range. In another embodiment, knock may be controlled according to ambient noise measured directly within the motor vehicle.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including: determining whether or not a condition for stopping knocking determination is satisfied; setting a flag of stopping correction of a determination value to “ON”; calculating a knock determination level based on the extracted magnitude value; and when the correction stop flag is not “ON”, decreasing or increasing the determination value in accordance with a knock proportion KC that is a proportion of magnitude values greater than the knock determination level. The knock determination level is calculated even when the correction stop flag is “ON”.

Abstract: In a knock sensor signal processing apparatus, a first apparatus which receives an engine knock sensor signal performs A/D conversions of the signal with a predetermined period and transmits successive pluralities of A/D values in parallel, by serial data communication, to a second apparatus in response to respective commands received from the second apparatus. The number of communication lines provided for transmitting the A/D values is made greater than those for transmitting commands from the second apparatus to the first apparatus, so that a high A/D conversion frequency together with low data rate of transmitting the A/D values can be achieved, thereby reducing communication-generated noise.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including: a step (S310) of multiplying a correction amount of a determination value V(KX) by Q, when deviation L between an approximation value V(R), which is an average value of determination values V(KX) corrected according to the occurrence frequency of knocking, and an approximation value V(R?1) previously calculated is greater than a predetermined value (NO in S306) or when the number of times where deviation L is determined to be smaller than a predetermined value is smaller than a predetermined number of times (NO in S308); and a step (S312) of multiplying the correction amount of the determination value V(KX) by 1/P, when the number of times where the deviation L is determined to be smaller than a predetermined value is greater than a predetermined number of times (YES in S308). By comparing the determination value V(KX) and knock magnitude, determination of knocking is made, and ignition timing is advanced or retarded.

Abstract: A 90° integrated value calculating unit of an engine ECU calculates a 90° integrated value obtained by integrating a magnitude. A calculating unit calculates a knock magnitude by dividing 90° integrated value by a BGL. A value obtained by subtracting a standard deviation ? from a median value of 90° integrated value is determined as the BGL. An ignition timing control unit controls the ignition timing depending on whether knock magnitude is equal to or larger than a determination value. A median value calculating unit calculates median value of 90° integrated value. A standard deviation calculating unit calculates standard deviation of 90° integrated value. A first stop unit stops updating of median value and standard deviation when 90° integrated value is smaller than a first threshold value or is equal to or larger than a second threshold value.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: determining that the condition that there is a possibility of occurrence of knocking is satisfied, based on the result of comparison between a vibration waveform of an engine and a knock waveform model; calculating a 40CA integrated value by integrating magnitudes of vibration occurring in the engine for a range of crank angle of 40°; calculating a knock magnitude N by dividing the 40CA integrated value by a BGL; determining that knocking has occurred when the knock magnitude N is larger than a determination value V(KX); and determining that knocking has not occurred when the knock magnitude N is smaller than the determination value V(KX).

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: calculating a magnitude value LOG(V) by logarithmically converting a magnitude V of vibration occurring in an engine, calculating a median V(50) and a standard deviation ? of magnitude values LOG(V); and setting, to the product of the standard deviation ? and a factor A, a first upper limit of a determination value V(KX) that is to be compared with a knock magnitude N for determining whether or not knocking has occurred, and setting a first lower limit of the determination value V(KX) to the product of the standard deviation ? and a factor B.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including a step of calculating intensity values LOG(V), a step of detecting vibration waveforms, a step of calculating a correlation coefficient K based on vibration waveforms, a step of preparing frequency distribution of intensity values LOG(V) smaller than a threshold V(1) and intensity values LOG(V) in an ignition cycle where correlation coefficient K is larger than a threshold K(1), a step of calculating a knock determination level V(KD) based on a median V(50) and a standard deviation ? of intensity values LOG(V), and a step of counting the number of intensity values LOG(V) larger than knock determination level V(KD) as the number of times that knocking has occurred.

Abstract: A method of real-time estimation of indicators of the engine combustion state from signals containing oscillating components. A signal, such as a vibration signal for example, correlated with the engine combustion, is acquired as a function of time or of the crank angle. Real-time filtering and time-frequency analysis of this signal is carried out and indicators of the combustion state are estimated in real time from this analysis. The method has application for combustion control of an internal-combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including a step of calculating a correlation coefficient K representing a degree of agreement between a vibration waveform and a knock waveform model, a step of calculating a knock magnitude N by dividing a peak value P of magnitude in the vibration waveform by BGL, a step of determining whether knocking has occurred based on a combination of the correlation coefficient K and the knock magnitude N, in such a manner as to determine that knocking has not occurred in at least one of the case where the correlation coefficient K is smaller than a threshold value K(1) and the case where the knock magnitude N is smaller than a threshold value N(1), and a step of retarding ignition timing by a retarding amount corresponding to the combination of the correlation coefficient K and the knock magnitude N, if knocking has occurred.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including a step of calculating intensity values LOG(V) based on signals transmitted from a knock sensor; a step of deciding a maximum value V(MAX) in frequency distribution of intensity values LOG(V) for N cycles (N is a natural number); a step of calculating a knock determination level V(KD) based on the frequency distribution; a step of, when the knock determination level V(KD) is smaller than the maximum value V(MAX), removing V(MAX) from the frequency distribution; and a step of counting the total frequency of removed maximum values V(MAX) as knock occupancy KC. Maximum values V(MAX) are removed until the knock determination level V(KD) and the maximum value V(MAX) coincide, and the knock determination level V(KD) is recalculated.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including a step of, when an absolute value of a difference between median value V(50) of magnitude values LOG(V), which is obtained by logarithmically converting a magnitude V detected based on a signal sent from a knock sensor, and a determination value V(KX) used for determining presence or absence of knocking is greater than the product of a standard deviation ? and a coefficient U(3) in a frequency distribution of magnitude values LOG(V) for N cycle(s), setting a value obtained by adding the product of the standard deviation ? and the coefficient U(3) to the median value V(50) of magnitude values LOG(V) as the determination value V(KX).

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: calculating a magnitude value LOG(V) from a magnitude V detected using a knock sensor; calculating a median value V(50) and a standard deviation a of calculated magnitude values LOG(V); calculating a knock determination level V(KD) that is a value obtained by adding the product of standard deviation a and a coefficient U(3) to median value V(50); and when knock determination level V(KD) is greater than the product of determination value V(KX) and a coefficient K, decreasing determination value V(KX). When a knock magnitude N calculated using magnitude V is greater than determination value V(KX), ignition timing is retarded.

Abstract: In addition to a knock detection filter, a plurality of optimal knock frequency detection filters (digital filters: BPFs) are provided which filter the signals output from a knock sensor and has mutually different filtering frequency bands. A presently optimal frequency is selected based on the signals extracted by the optimal frequency detection filters, and set as the center frequency of the filtering frequency band of the knock detection filter.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: comparing a vibration waveform of an engine and a knock waveform model stored in advance to calculate a correlation coefficient K; prohibiting correction when a correction prohibiting condition of a determination value V(KX) is satisfied, the determination value V(KX) compared with a knock magnitude N calculated from the correlation coefficient K so as to control the ignition timing; and correcting the determination value V(KX) based on a magnitude value LOG(V) calculated from a magnitude V of vibration in an ignition cycle in which the correlation coefficient K greater than a threshold value K(1) is calculated when the correction prohibiting condition of determination value V(KX) is not satisfied. The correlation coefficient K is calculated as a smaller value when the vibration waveform includes a waveform of vibration of a noise component as compared with that when the vibration waveform does not include it.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including a step of, when an absolute value of a difference between median value V(50) of magnitude values LOG(V), which is obtained by logarithmically converting a magnitude V detected based on a signal sent from a knock sensor, and a determination value V(KX) used for determining presence or absence of knocking is greater than the product of a standard deviation ? and a coefficient U(3) in a frequency distribution of magnitude values LOG(V) for N cycle(s), setting a value obtained by adding the product of the standard deviation ? and the coefficient U(3) to the median value V(50) of magnitude values LOG(V) as the determination value V(KX).

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: calculating a magnitude value LOG(V) from a magnitude V detected using a knock sensor; calculating a median value V(50) and a standard deviation a of calculated magnitude values LOG(V); calculating a knock determination level V(KD) that is a value obtained by adding the product of standard deviation a and a coefficient U(3) to median value V(50); and when knock determination level V(KD) is greater than the product of determination value V(KX) and a coefficient K, decreasing determination value V(KX). When a knock magnitude N calculated using magnitude V is greater than determination value V(KX), ignition timing is retarded.

Abstract: A knock detection system for a spark-ignition engine includes a knock sensor that is responsive to vibration of the engine and that generates a knock signal. A first module calculates a knock energy based on the knock signal and a second module calculates a knock intensity based on the knock energy. A third module regulates a spark timing of the engine based on the knock intensity.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for detecting an occurrence of knocking of an engine from a signal sensed by a knocking sensor for the engine. The apparatus comprises plural filters extracting, from the signal, plural signal components whose frequency bands mutually differ and a unit determining whether or not there is the occurrence of knocking, based on results outputted from the plural filters. The plural filters include first and second types of filters. The first type of filter has a pass band set to a specific frequency band including a specific frequency of the signal. This specific frequency indicates the occurrence of knocking. The second type of filter has a pass band set to another specific frequency band. An inclination of a filtering characteristic of the second type of filter at a cut-off frequency thereof is steeper than that the first type of filter.

Abstract: A knock control apparatus normalizes a knock frequency magnitude and a background noise level to substantially the same levels in all the engine operating conditions in consideration of a variation in an ionic current level due to an environment, the number of revolutions per minute of the engine, an engine load, etc.