Abstract: A system for diagnosing engine braking performance of an engine comprising a plurality of cylinders comprises an exhaust manifold pressure sensor configured to detect an exhaust manifold pressure corresponding to exhaust gas emitted from a plurality of cylinders. A controller is configured to determine an exhaust manifold pressure value corresponding to at least one cylinder of the plurality of cylinders that is being used for engine braking, from an exhaust manifold pressure sensor signal received from the exhaust manifold pressure sensor. The controller is also configured to determine an engine braking value based on the exhaust manifold pressure value.

Abstract: In a method, dynamic pressure oscillations in the intake tract or outlet tract of a respective internal combustion engine are measured during normal operation, and from these measured oscillations, a corresponding pressure oscillation signal is generated. A crankshaft phase angle signal is determined at the same time. From the pressure oscillation signal, an actual value of at least one characteristic of at least one selected signal frequency of the measured pressure oscillations in relation to the crankshaft phase angle signal is determined, and the current trimming of the intake tract is determined on the basis of the determined actual value, taking into consideration reference values of the corresponding characteristic of the respectively identical signal frequency for different trimmings of the intake tract.

Abstract: An intake system of an engine is provided. The intake system may include an intake manifold coupled to a first throttle body and a second throttle body, where the intake manifold is formed from an upper shell and a lower shell. The intake system further includes a vacuum port located in the intake manifold and in an air-flow path downstream of the first throttle body and the second throttle body and upstream of a plurality of intake runners of the intake manifold, the vacuum port including a spigot extending through the upper shell of the intake manifold, and a vacuum passage coupling the vacuum port to a vehicle subsystem.

Abstract: An engine device having gas injectors attached to an intake manifold fixed to a side surface of a cylinder head. A fuel gas injected from the gas injectors is premixed in the intake manifold, and the resulting gas is supplied to a plurality of cylinders and ignited by ignition devices. The intake manifold has a configuration in which a plurality of intake branch pipes communicating with the cylinders are branched from an intake collecting pipe at an air supply side. The intake branch pipes include bent portions. In the bent portions of the intake branch pipes, inside inner walls near the cylinder head are bent at an acute angle.

Abstract: A drive device for a motorcycle is provided. The drive device includes an internal combustion engine having an adapter assembly arranged on a first end face of the internal combustion engine. The adapter assembly on a connection face opposite the first end face at least two connection geometries for different electrical drive units.

Abstract: A vehicle power unit is disclosed which prevents a transmission apparatus from becoming large in size and promotes reduction in size by reducing the number of parts. A transmission shift drum has a driven gear mounted on a shift drum rotary shaft portion on one end of the shift drum. An extended support wall is formed to extend to outside in a vehicle width direction in parallel with a first case side wall of a crankcase. The case side wall supports the first drum rotary shaft portion on which the driven gear is mounted. The extended support wall and the first case side wall support thereon gears of a reduction gear train between a drive gear of a shift motor mounted on the extended support wall and the driven gear.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, includes: first and second valves being intake valves or exhaust valves; a first circumferential wall portion defining a first port, the first port being opened and closed by the first valve and communicating with a combustion chamber; and a first overlay welded portion formed on the first circumferential wall portion and serving as a first valve seat on which the first valve is seated.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for the position determination of a cylinder piston located in a cylinder liner, said apparatus comprising: a port for coupling an electrical signal into or out of the interior of the cylinder liner, wherein a signal coupled into the interior of the cylinder liner interacts with the cylinder piston. The present disclosure is characterized by a unit for determining the position of the cylinder piston which is connected to the port and which is configured to determine the position of the cylinder piston in the cylinder liner with the aid of a vectorial measurement of a signal decoupled from the cylinder liner.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes first and second power cylinders and an expander cylinder, and is configured to operate in an expander mode and a bypass mode by selectively fluidly coupling exhaust flow from the first and second power cylinders to the expander cylinder. Operation includes commanding a transition from the bypass mode to the expander mode, including retarding openings of intake valves of the first and second power cylinders to a LIVC position. Exhaust valves of the power cylinders are controlled to effect fluid flow to the expander cylinder, and opening of an outlet valve of the expander cylinder is controlled to a maximum advanced state. The openings of the intake valves of the first and second power cylinders are controlled to desired positions associated with engine operation in the expander mode.

Abstract: An inlet manifold arrangement is disclosed for a four-stroke internal combustion engine having at least one working cylinder with inlet valves and outlet valves and an inlet manifold assembly. The inlet manifold assembly has a flow direction for fluid (such as a fuel-air mixture) in the inlet direction, and an end section near an air filter device. The manifold assembly also has a throttle valve arrangement and a non-return valve which blocks in the direction opposite to the flow direction. The non-return valve is situated, in relation to the flow direction, between the end section of the inlet manifold assembly and the throttle valve arrangement.

Abstract: A duct structure for a fuel injector assembly of an engine includes a first ring structure, a plurality of ducts, a plurality of posts, and an engagement structure. The fuel injector assembly includes a fuel injector having a plurality of orifices to discharge fuel. The first ring structure is configured to be coupled to a cylinder head of the engine, and defines a central axis. The ducts are circularly arrayed around the central axis, and are configured to provide passages to the fuel discharged from the fuel injector. The posts connect the ducts to the first ring structure. Further, the engagement structure is configured to engage with the fuel injector to align the ducts with the orifices such that each of the plurality of ducts is configured to receive fuel discharged from a corresponding one of the plurality of orifices.

Abstract: A fuel injection system (10) for delivering metered amounts fuel into the combustion chamber or cylinder of an engine. The fuel delivered can selectively comprise a gaseous fuel, a liquid fuel or a fuel mixture comprising the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuel. When the fuel delivered comprises a mixture of the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuel, the quantity of liquid fuel comprises a metered quantity. The quantity of gaseous fuel also comprises a metered quantity, with the metering of the gaseous fuel being regulated by prediction. The injection event involves delivering the liquid fuel and the gaseous fuel, with the metering of the gaseous fuel delivered being adjusted to allow for the quantity of liquid fuel delivered with the gaseous fuel. The injection system (10) comprises a liquid fuel circuit (11) and a gaseous fuel circuit (13), both communicating with a fuel delivery injector (15) that delivers fuel to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system includes a target generating module, a model predictive control (MPC) module, and an actuator module. The target generating module generates a target value for an actuator of an engine. The MPC module generates a set of possible adjustments to the target value and predicts an operating parameter for the set of possible adjustments. The predicted operating parameter includes an emission level and/or an operating parameter of an exhaust system. The MPC module determines a cost for the set of possible adjustments and selects the set of possible adjustments from multiple sets of possible adjustments based on the cost. The MPC module determines whether the predicted operating parameter for the selected set satisfies a constraint and adjusts the target value using the possible adjustments of the selected set when the predicted operating parameter satisfies the constraint. The actuator module controls the actuator based on the target value as adjusted.

Abstract: A system according to the present disclosure includes a model predictive control (MPC) module and an actuator module. The MPC module generates a set of possible target values for an actuator of an engine and predicts an operating parameter for the set of possible target values. The predicted operating parameter includes an emission level and/or an operating parameter of an exhaust system. The MPC module determines a cost for the set of possible target values and selects the set of possible target values from multiple sets of possible target values based on the cost. The MPC module determines whether the predicted operating parameter for the selected set satisfies a constraint and sets target values to the possible target values of the selected set when the predicted operating parameter satisfies the constraint. The actuator module controls an actuator of an engine based on at least one of the target values.

Abstract: An injection device for an internal combustion engine having a first injection system for injecting fuel having a first fuel composition, and a second injection system for the injection of fuel having a second fuel composition that has a lower ethanol component than the first fuel composition, the first injection system having at least one first fuel injector for injecting fuel having the first fuel composition both in the direction of a first intake orifice of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and in the direction of a second intake orifice of the combustion chamber, in which the second injection system has a second fuel injector for injecting fuel having the second fuel composition essentially only in the direction of the first intake orifice, and a separate third fuel injector for injecting fuel having the second fuel composition essentially only in the direction of the second intake orifice.

Abstract: A fuel atomizer that includes a housing having a fuel inlet and at least one primary orifice positioned at the inlet, wherein the at least one orifice configured to disperse a stream of fuel into a plurality of fuel droplets. The plurality of fuel droplets contact a fuel impingement surface to break up the plurality of fuel droplets into a plurality of smaller secondary droplets and create a thin film of secondary droplets on the impingement surface. At least one pressurized air channel delivers an airflow into contact with the secondary droplets. The secondary droplets pass through a plurality of secondary outlet orifices to exit the housing. A size of the plurality of secondary droplets is reduced when passing out of the plurality of secondary orifices.

Abstract: A turbocharged internal combustion engine is provided with at least a partially variable valve train on an intake side wherein the intake valves are controlled to optimize the actuation of a second inlet valve in relation to a first inlet valve for different load conditions.

Abstract: Even in the case where a crankshaft extends in a substantially vertical direction, it is possible to reduce a situation that sprays of fuel injected from injectors may adhere to inner wall surfaces of intake passages, and it is possible to make the fuel supply to combustion chambers stable.

Abstract: A fuel supply structure of a saddle-ride type vehicle wherein a wrong operation of a hose locking member is more securely prevented during maintenance of the vehicle to enhance the maintainability without increasing the number of parts. Fuel supplied from a fuel tank to a throttle body is supplied via fuel supply parts through a flexible fuel hose. A cover member for covering the fuel supply parts is provided. The cover member is provided with a cover that covers a fuel hose locking member for locking the connection of the fuel hose and each fuel supply part. In addition, the cover covers the fuel hose locking member to disenable removing the fuel hose locking member.

Abstract: An injection device for an internal combustion engine having a first injection system for injecting fuel having a first fuel composition, and a second injection system for the injection of fuel having a second fuel composition that has a lower ethanol component than the first fuel composition, the first injection system having at least one first fuel injector for injecting fuel having the first fuel composition both in the direction of a first intake orifice of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and in the direction of a second intake orifice of the combustion chamber, wherein the second injection system has a second fuel injector for injecting fuel having the second fuel composition essentially only in the direction of the first intake orifice, and a separate third fuel injector for injecting fuel having the second fuel composition essentially only in the direction of the second intake orifice.

Abstract: A device for throttling a fluid flow includes a basic body which has at least one throttle point with a predefinable opening cross section. The basic body has a resilient configuration at least in a region of the at least one throttle point. Accordingly, the opening cross section of the at least one throttle point is configured to be set in a variable manner as a function of a pressure difference.

Abstract: An engine assembly may include an engine structure defining a first combustion chamber, a first port in communication with the first combustion chamber and a second port in communication with the first combustion chamber. A first valve may be located in the first port and a second valve may be located in the second port. A first multi-step valve lift mechanism may be supported on the engine structure and engaged with the first valve. A second multi-step valve lift mechanism may be supported on the engine structure and engaged with the second valve. The first and second multi-step valve lift mechanisms may be switched between low and high lift modes independent from one another.

Abstract: A vehicular air intake is configured to produce a turbulent intake air flow in a cylinder of an engine. The air flow may be provided as a vortex. A throttle valve, for controlling an amount of intake air provided to the engine, has a pivot shaft with an axis which is offset from a center axis of an air intake passage in which the throttle valve is installed, and a throttle plate affixed to the pivot shaft. The pivot axis is offset and spaced away from the central axis of the throttle body such that a first portion of a throttle plate disposed on a first side of the pivot shaft, is larger than a second portion of the throttle plate disposed on a second side of the pivot shaft. This arrangement provides the non-uniform turbulent air flow into the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber at least partially defined within a cylinder bore by a reciprocating piston having a piston crown. An intake plenum is fluidly connectable with the combustion chamber and at least one intake port is configured to fluidly connect the intake plenum with the combustion chamber. At least one intake valve is configured to selectively fluidly connect the intake plenum with the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is configured to receive a lean air/fuel mixture therein to substantially fill the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is further configured to receive a rich air/fuel mixture therein that yields a stratified total air/fuel mixture within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: There is provided a cylinder head of an engine. The cylinder head includes cylindrical parts for lash adjustors into which the lash adjustors are inserted and cylindrical parts for fuel injection valves into which the fuel injection valves are inserted. An outer periphery of each of the cylindrical parts for the lash adjustors is connected to a sidewall of the cylinder head, which is disposed above intake ports communicating with a combustion chamber and each of the cylindrical parts for the fuel injection valves is disposed below the cylindrical parts for the lash adjustors. A lower end portion of each of the cylindrical parts for the lash adjustors is connected to an upper part of each of the cylindrical parts for the fuel injection valves by a reinforcement part.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine has an intake arrangement including a carburetor. An intake channel divides into a mixture channel and an air channel. An intermediate flange is mounted between the carburetor and the cylinder. This flange has a carburetor connecting surface, which faces toward the carburetor, and a cylinder connecting surface which faces toward the cylinder. Referred to the flow direction in the intake channel, the air channel divides upstream of the cylinder connecting surface into two branches. The first branch has a first longitudinal center axis and the second branch has a second longitudinal center axis. The intersect points of the center axes with the connecting surfaces are mutually connected via an imaginary connecting line in the carburetor connecting surface or the cylinder connecting surface. The two connecting lines conjointly define an angle ? in the carburetor connecting surface with this angle being greater than 0°.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, which includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head fastened to the cylinder block, an aperture formed in a side of the cylinder head, and a conduit assembly, such as an intake runner assembly or an exhaust conduit assembly. A combustion chamber is formed by the cylinder block and the cylinder head. The intake runner assembly is received within the aperture and configured to communicate air to the combustion chamber. The intake runner assembly includes a first piece and a second piece. The first piece has a first channel that includes a bend. The second piece has a second channel that includes another bend mirroring the bend of the first channel. The first piece is coupled to the second piece such that the first and second channels together form a flow path through the intake runner assembly, and the bends of the first and second channels together form a smooth turn in the flow path.

Abstract: A variable valve device for an internal combustion engine includes a cam phase variable mechanism for varying a phase difference (split) between first and second intake cams. Under predetermined operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, the second intake cam is controlled to take a phase (split) (S1) which is within a predetermined pumping-loss reduction operation phase range and entails a minimum fluctuation (oscillation width) of drive torque on an intake camshaft.

Abstract: An engine assembly may include an engine structure, a first intake valve, a first valve lift mechanism, a second intake valve, a second valve lift mechanism, and a boost mechanism. The first intake valve may be located in a first intake port and the first valve lift mechanism may be engaged with the first intake valve. The second intake valve may be located in a second intake port and the second valve lift mechanism may be engaged with the second intake valve and operable in first and second modes. The second intake valve may be displaced to an open position during the first mode and may be maintained in a closed position during the second mode. The boost mechanism may be in communication with an air source and the first intake port and isolated from the second intake port.

Abstract: In an intake arrangement for a combustion chamber in which a first intake duct produces a substantially rotational flow in the chamber, the flow from a second intake duct is divided into two components. The first component is an axial flow into the chamber and the second component is a rotational flow having the same sense of rotation as the first duct. The first and second components arise from the shaping of a junction region between branches of the second intake duct adjacent the chamber.

Abstract: An engine assembly may include an engine block, a first piston, a second piston, and a cylinder head. The cylinder head and the engine block may define a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber. The cylinder head may define a first intake port and a second intake port. The first intake port may be in communication with the first combustion chamber and may include a first inlet extending through an upper surface of the cylinder head. The second intake port may be in communication with the second combustion chamber and may include a second inlet extending through a side of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A spark ignition four stroke internal combustion engine includes two intake valves and two exhaust valves for each cylinder, arranged around a central spark plug and provided with means for varying the lift of the intake valves between a zero value and a maximum value H. A masking wall which masks the curtain area of the intake valves on one side facing towards the exhaust valves is provided in the combustion chamber associated to each cylinder. The axis of each intake valve is inclined with respect to the axis of the respective engine cylinder by an angle not exceeding 12° and the abovementioned masking wall has along the seat of each intake valve a height h in the direction parallel to the axis of the intake valve which is comprised between 0.1 and 0.5 times, extremes excluded, the maximum value H of the lift of the intake valves.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a boosted engine having a split intake system coupled to a split exhaust system. Aircharges of differing composition, pressure, and temperature may be delivered to the engine through the split intake system at different points of an engine cycle. In this way, boost and EGR benefits may be extended.

Abstract: The invention comprises a cylinder block wherein vertical reciprocation of a piston is transmitted to a connecting rod that rotates a crank shaft to generate torque. A cylinder head is joined to the top of the cylinder block, whereof one side is connected to a primary intake and exhaust manifold which is opened and shut by a primary intake and exhaust valve and the other side is connected to a secondary intake and exhaust manifold which is opened and shut by a secondary intake and exhaust valve. A primary cam shaft drives the primary intake and exhaust valve. A secondary cam shaft drives the secondary intake and exhaust valve. A tertiary cam shaft is placed on the upper side of the cylinder head and rotates to interlock with the rotation of the secondary cam shaft. Therefore, intake and exhaust performance of a four-stroke internal combustion engine is improved.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a boosted engine having a split intake system coupled to a split exhaust system. Aircharges of differing composition, pressure, and temperature may be delivered to the engine through the split intake system at different points of an engine cycle. In this way, boost and EGR benefits may be extended.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including an air intake pressurization device having an outlet from which air at a pressure substantially greater than ambient air pressure is expelled, an expansible combustion chamber into which air is received from the device outlet and from which exhaust gases are expelled, first and second intake valves and one or more exhaust valves, each valve having open and closed states. The combustion chamber is in periodic fluid communication with the device outlet through at least one of the first and second intake valves, and exhaust gases are expelled from the combustion chamber via the exhaust valve(s).

Abstract: A spark ignition direct injection fuel cylinder for an engine includes a rotatable valve at a curved wall of an intake duct. The rotatable valve provides a variable step in to adjust the degree of tumble airflow while reducing flow restriction to improve engine performance across operating conditions.

Abstract: A cylinder of an internal combustion engine is provided with a turbo-side exhaust valve that opens and closes an exhaust port that communicates with a turbo-side exhaust passageway that leads to a turbine inlet opening of a turbo-supercharger, a bypass-side exhaust valve that opens and closes an exhaust port that communicates with a bypass-side exhaust passageway that bypasses the turbine, a first intake valve disposed opposite to the turbo-side exhaust valve, and a second intake valve disposed opposite to the bypass-side exhaust valve. At the time of engine startup and/or the time of low engine load, the turbo-side exhaust valve and the first intake valve are stopped in the closed state.

Abstract: A combustion chamber side end portion of a fuel injection valve is placed at a location that overlaps with an imaginary plane, which is perpendicular to a center axis of a cylinder and extends along a portion of a wall surface of an intake port where an intake valve protrudes, or is projected out from the imaginary plane toward a combustion chamber. Alternatively, a center of a fuel injecting side end port of the fuel injection valve, which injects fuel into intake air that flows in a branch port branched from the intake port, may be placed on the center axis side of the intake valve in a radial direction of the cylinder. Further alternatively, an upstream side fuel injection valve may inject fuel into intake air that flows in the intake port, and a downstream side fuel injection valve may inject fuel into intake air that flows in the branch port branched from the intake port.

Abstract: An engine assembly may include a cylinder head, an intake manifold assembly, first and second vanes, and an actuation mechanism. The first and second vanes may be rotatably coupled to the intake manifold assembly. The first vane may be located within an outlet of a first intake passage and the second vane may be located within an outlet of a second intake passage. The first and second vanes may be displaceable from an open position to a closed position. The first vane may extend along a wall defining the first intake passage when in the open position and the second vane may extend along a wall defining the second intake passage when in the open position. The actuation mechanism may be coupled to the first and second vanes to rotate the first and second vanes between the open and closed positions.

Abstract: An ECU controls an adjusting mechanism adjusting an output of an engine, such as a throttle valve, a swirl control valve, an ignition plug, an intake valve, and an ACIS (Acoustic Control Induction System) changing the length of an intake manifold, in accordance with a ratio between a maximum value KL(MAX) of load factor and the load factor required of the engine by the driver and by the system mounted on the vehicle at current engine speed NE.

Abstract: A controlling device for an internal combustion engine includes an estimating portion to calculate an estimation value relative to an open degree of a valve based on a predetermined estimation formula. A signal of a sensor is changed, when the valve has a predetermined open degree defined between a full close and a full open. The estimating portion determines that an actual open degree of the valve is smaller than the predetermined open degree, in a case that the signal of the sensor is not changed when the estimation value becomes equal to or larger than the predetermined open degree.

Abstract: Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

Abstract: An intake manifold system for an internal combustion engine includes inlet runners attached to a mounting flange. The inlet runners may be one piece with the mounting flange. A charge air control is mounted within the mounting flange, with the charge air control including a control shaft passage formed in the mounting flange, and a control shaft extending the length of the control shaft passage. The control shaft is journaled within the control shaft passage and carries a number of charge air control elements mounted for rotation with the control shaft.

Abstract: An engine includes exhaust manifold integrally formed with a cylinder head. The engine may include an exhaust manifold having at least one single exhaust outlet for exhausting exhaust gas that is exhausted from at least two cylinders that are not adjacent with each other, wherein periods during which exhaust valves are open are not overlapped with each other between the at least two cylinders. The exhaust manifold is integrally formed with the cylinder head such that costs can be reduced. Also, the water jacket is formed between the exhaust passages of the exhaust manifold such that the durability of the turbocharger that is affected by a heat load can be improved. Also, the twin scroll turbocharger is directly connected to the exhaust outlet of the manifold such that the compression ratio of the intake air can be effectively improved.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis apparatus for a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine having combustion modes switchable between HCCI combustion, performed together with internal EGR, and SI combustion. The engine includes an intake variable valve mechanism and an exhaust variable valve mechanism. The apparatus includes an airflow meter detecting an intake amount of mixture drawn into a combustion chamber of the engine and a control computer determining whether a failure has occurred in the intake variable valve mechanism and the exhaust variable valve mechanism from intake amount change information.

Abstract: A method is described for operating a gaseous fueled engine, where gaseous fuel and intake air are delivered to a first intake port of a cylinder of the engine and intake air without gaseous fuel is delivered to a second intake port of the cylinder, the first port separated from the second port. Further, the method includes inducting the fuel and intake air from the first port via a first intake valve, and the intake air from the second port via a second intake valve, into the cylinder, where the first intake valve is opened after the second intake valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which operates in accordance with an auto-ignition principle includes at least one working cylinder, at least two inlet valves per working cylinder and at least one outlet valve per working cylinder. The internal combustion engine has a first camshaft and a second camshaft. The second camshaft actuates at least one of the inlet valves per working cylinder and actuates at least one outlet valve per working cylinder. The internal combustion engine has an adjuster disposed at the second camshaft. The adjuster adjusts valve control times of the inlet and outlet valves actuated by the second camshaft selectively in an early direction and a late direction in relation to valve control times of the first camshaft. A method for operating an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: An engine system and method of its operation are described. The method includes: operating the combustion chamber in a four stroke cycle by repeatedly opening a first exhaust valve of the combustion chamber once every four piston strokes while holding closed a second exhaust valve of the combustion chamber; after operating the combustion chamber in the four stroke cycle, operating the combustion chamber in a two stroke cycle by repeatedly opening the first exhaust valve once every four piston strokes and repeatedly opening the second exhaust valve once every four piston strokes during a different exhaust stroke than the first exhaust valve; and after operating the combustion chamber in the two stroke cycle, operating the combustion chamber in the four stroke cycle by repeatedly opening the second exhaust valve of the combustion chamber once every four piston strokes while holding closed the first exhaust valve of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A multicylinder petrol engine is provided with a hydraulic system for variable actuation of the valves, which enables easy control of operation of the engine according to different strategies. The engines according to the invention is, in particular, able to operate with a variable engine displacement in a modular way via the exclusion of selected cylinders, to control combustion by adjustment of the effective compression ration, and to control re-circulation of the exhaust gases at intake, in order to achieve low levels of consumption and reduced harmful exhaust emissions.