Abstract: An exhaust system for an engine is disclosed herein. The exhaust system includes a catalytic converter, an exhaust manifold upstream from the catalytic converter, and a heat pipe in thermal contact with the exhaust manifold and atmosphere. The system further includes a phase changing material that passively absorbs heat after catalytic light-off.

Abstract: An engine system for a power unit is disclosed. The engine system includes an exhaust system having at least one exhaust treatment device and an air induction system having at least one heater. The heater is configured to raise the temperature of an intake flow in the air induction system in response to a physical property of the exhaust treatment device.

Abstract: A fuel vaporizer includes an inner tube including a liquid fuel inlet for receiving liquid fuel and plural openings, a fuel vaporizing chamber formed on the inner tube, and comprising a fuel vapor outlet, an outer housing formed on the fuel vaporizing chamber, such that a reservoir is formed between the fuel vaporizing chamber and the outer housing, and a heating fluid inlet and heating fluid outlet which are connected to the outer housing.

Abstract: For a compact arrangement of a relatively large number of cylinders, the specification discloses a V-type engine having first and second rows of cylinders which are arranged relative to each other so as to form a V-shape, with a third row of cylinders located between the first and second rows and a fourth row located outside the V-space between the first and second rows, the third and fourth rows likewise forming a V-shape between them, and all cylinders of the internal combustion engine being connected to the same crankshaft.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine is provided with a fuel tank for liquid fuel, from which a fuel supply line leads to a fuel injection device, and an evaporating and condensing device for low-boiling fuel components, connected to the fuel tank. Also provided is an intermediary tank connected downstream from the evaporating and condensing device, for condensate, from which tank a condensate line leads to a control valve that regulates supply to the injection device. A residual fuel line for the high-boiling fuel produced in the evaporating and condensing device ends in an additional tank, from which a residual fuel supply line runs to a reversing valve mounted in the fuel supply line. The reversing valve is controlled so that the high-boiling fuel is supplied from the residual fuel supply line into the fuel supply line going to an injection device of the engine.

Abstract: V-type engine has intake and exhaust valves for each cylinder, the intake valve being inclined at an angle relative to a center line of each cylinder bore larger than an angle relative to the center line at which the exhaust valve is inclined, and having a length between an intake valve face and an intake cam longer than a length between an exhaust valve face and an exhaust cam of the exhaust valve.

Abstract: A charge inlet system for a spark ignited reciprocating internal combustion engine includes a plenum for receiving intake air and having a plurality of intake runners extending to the intake valves of the engine. Fuel flowing through primary fuel injectors is supplemented by fuel provided by a secondary fuel injector in the event that the engine is being started.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating out absorbed and entrained moisture from fuel used in a motor vehicle or heating system. A baffle plate exposed to infrared radiation forms the primary functional moisture separating device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine that substantially improves the fuel efficiency by utilizing heat normally discharged to the ambient to condition and prepare the fuel mixture prior to entry into the combustion chambers. The apparatus comprises a fuel vaporizer, a fuel mixture heater and a mixture homogenizer located in a fuel mixture flow path intermediate the vaporizer and the heater. The fuel vaporizer includes structure defining an inner heat exchange chamber which receives air and entrained fuel discharged by a fuel introducing device such as a carburetor. The fuel mixture is heated and at least partially vaporized by engine waste heat derived from the engine cooling system or alternately the engine exhaust system.

Abstract: A device preheats a fuel mixture in an intake manifold of a combustion engine, the device corresponding a cylindrical body having a side wall and a bottom disposed in the wall of the intake manifold. The body is arranged on an electro- and heat insulating contact bearer and is secured on the intake manifold in an electro- and heat conducting way, the bottom of the body being provided with PTC pills which are connected to a current conductor and are secured on the bottom in an electro- and heat conducting way. The bottom has such a thickness and shape that during preheating the fuel mixture a homogeneous heat conduction is created, the side wall of the body having securing means to secure the preheater, and wherein it has such a thickness that together with the securing means it provides the required heat resistance upon heat transfer from and to the intake manifold.

Abstract: Carburetor air-fuel mixtures are directed to a manifold having a plurality of long, small diameter helical tubes extending upwardly therefrom. An auxiliary air inlet having an auxiliary choke and an auxiliary air throttle supplies air to mixtures entering the tubes in response to engine temperature and carburetor throttle.Heated engine coolant flows upwardly through a jacket enclosing the tubes. An outlet manifold receives air-fuel mixtures vaporized in the tubes and directs them to the engine intake manifold. The carburetor is mounted on a block having an air-fuel passageway extending from a top inlet to a side outlet. The block is mounted atop a block having a passageway having a side inlet which receives vaporized air-fuel mixtures from the tubes to a bottom outlet in communication with the intake manifold.

Abstract: There is disclosed a device for separating oversize fuel particles in an air fuel mixture in internal combustion engines and recirculating them to the fuel supply system for reinjection and atomization by the carburetor or fuel injector. An array of low loss venturi nozzles with central traps is utilized to inertially separate the oversize particles, resulting in a fine, more uniform fuel size distribution to the engine inlet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of mixing liquid fuel and air for an internal combustion engine includes an assembly providing a plurality of venturi passageways for accelerative drawing of ambient air therethrough by the vacuum created by the engine and an associated fuel supply conduit system and apertures in the venturis for aspiration of fuel into the air. One of the venturis communicates unobstructedly with the engine to provide a fuel-air mixture for idling operation and a valve arrangement effects opening and closing of at least some of the other venturis to communication with the engine responsive to increases and decreases in the vacuum. An enlarged chamber intermediate the venturis and the engine receives the fuel entrained airstream from such some venturis, reduces the velocity thereof, and thereby gravitationally separates therefrom the larger fuel droplets which will not quickly and completely combust in the engine. A recycling arrangement returns the separated droplets to the atomizing assembly.

Abstract: A housing has an inlet arranged to be connected to the outlet of a fuel mixing device of an internal combustion engine such as a carburetor and an outlet arranged to be connected to the intake manifold of the engine. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing has two or more spiral bores. These bores have a cross sectional area less than the cross sectional area of the outlet of the carburetor to provide increased time and velocity through the spiral bores and to isolate the carburetor from vacuum pulsations of the engine. The defining surfaces of the spiral bores is roughened to increase atomization. A second embodiment utilizes an elongated housing also having a spiral path for mixing the fuel and air.

Abstract: A housing located between a conventional carburetor and the intake manifold inlet on a conventional internal combustion engine (such as that used in an automobile) has internal compartmentation to receive a volume of fuel and air mixture from the carburetor and to direct same through an outlet compartment and thence through a conduit to a fuel mixture heat exchanger mounted on the engine. The heat exchanger comprises one or more heat exchanger units each having a closed cylindrical housing with a plurality of closed, individual fuel mixture conduits therein (such as copper tubing). Each cylindrical housing is connected by a conduit, such as a hose, to the hot air exhaust manifold of the engine so that the heated air from the manifold is directed through each housing and around the heat exchanger tubes therein. A filter unit comprises a closed housing which receives the heated fuel through a porous screen baffle and a series of conventional ceramic or foam plastic or other types of filter material.

Abstract: A fuel economizer system for use with an internal combustion engine comprises an evaporation chamber into which gasoline is sprinkled, and in which evaporated gasoline is mixed with air; a two-way safety valve arrangement permitting the mixture to be drawn from the chamber to the intake manifold of the engine but preventing backfires from reaching the chamber; and a return fuel line for recycling the sprinkled gasoline by returning it from the chamber to the fuel tank. A portion of the return line in contact with the exhaust pipe picks up exhaust heat to energize the recycled fuel.

Abstract: A self regulating heater for use in an early fuel evaporation (EFE) system for an automotive engine includes a thermally conductive thick metal radiator body having a heat receiving side an opposite side provided with a plurality of heat-disturbing fins for transferring heat to a fuel heating zone. A plurality of self-regulating ceramic electrical resistance having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTC) each have a first side bonded by an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive to a first side of a thin thermally and electrically conductive metal plate. The plate has a limited portion thereof secured, for example, by a screw, in electrically conductive relation to the radiator body with the opposite side of the thin plate in closely spaced, facing, heat-transfer relation to the heat receiving side of the radiator body.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a system for heating the intake manifold and for the partial recirculation of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A self-regulating heater for use in an early fuel evaporation system for an automotive engine includes a metallic radiator having a first heat-receiving side and an opposite side for transferring heat to a fuel evaporization zone. Self-regulating ceramic electrical resistance heater elements having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity(PTC) are disposed with first sides in facing relation with respective recessed first portions of the heat-receiving side of the radiator. A thermally conducting metal heat-transfer member has recessed first portions disposed in facing relation to respective second sides of the heater elements to receive heat second sides of the heater elements to receive heat from the second sides of the heaters and also has second portions disposed in closely-spaced facing relation to corresponding second portions of the heat-receiving side of the radiator, thereby to transfer the heat received from the second heater sides to the radiator.

Abstract: A device for use in association with a carburetor of the type used for supplying fuel at the intake manifold of a gasoline internal combustion engine has an annular chamber at the exit port of the carburetor, adapted to collect uncarbureted raw gasoline particles or globules for drainage through an external vaporizing system under the influence of the vacuum created at the intake manifold during operation of the engine for reintroduction as vaporized fuel at the intake manifold, thereby converting raw gasoline, otherwise wastefully fed to the engine, into efficiently combustible fuel.

Abstract: A flexible barium titanate ceramic PTC heater for use in, for example, an intake pipe of an internal combustion engine to heat the air-fuel gas mixture is formed as a thin disc-shaped ceramic sheet constituted by a plurality of individual coplanar ceramic segments having interior edges positioned in spaced side-by-side relationship. The juxtaposed edges of the ceramic segments are united to each other by a flexible, heat-resistant, electrically non-conductive rubber band disposed in the space between the segments and bonded thereto by an electrically non-conductive adhesive to form the segments into a thin disc-shaped sheet which can be flexed without causing flexing of any of the individual segments. The ceramic heater is positioned in a metallic casing with one planar face thereof bonded to the inner surface of the casing by an electrically conductive adhesive. A stainless steel wool cushioning member engages the other planar face of the ceramic heater to support the heater in the metallic casing.

Abstract: A fuel evaporator for an internal combustion engine is comprised of a metallic casing which is composed of a heating plate portion and a supporting portion projecting from the outer periphery of the heating plate portion downward, a heating element fixed to the heating plate portion within the casing, an insulating and adiabatic covering member which covers the supporting portion and an electrically connecting means which connects the heating element and a battery.The supporting portion of the casing is inserted in a hole formed in an intake pipe so that the heating plate portion is exposed therewithin.Since the supporting portion of the casing is covered with the insulating and adiabatic covering member, very little of the heat of the heating element is dissipated from the supporting portion into the intake pipe.By forming the supporting portion into a plurality of strip shaped legs, the heat escaping therefrom can be further reduced.

Abstract: An air/fuel mixture heating device for an internal combustion engine comprises a riser portion located at a relatively high position in the riser space in an intake manifold and having air/fuel mixture heating means and a barrier formed on a circumference of a riser surface of the riser portion, and an intake air inlet arranged in opposition to the riser surface for introducing intake air to the riser surface, thereby promoting the atomization of fuel particles by heating by the riser surface and by causing the fuel to pass by the barrier to distribute the fuel uniformly to respective cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel evaporator for an internal combustion engine comprises a casing composed of a heating plate member, a supporting member projecting from the outer periphery of the heating plate member underwards and a heat resistant and electric insulating covering member which covers the supporting member, a heating element can be fixed to the heating plate member within the casing and an electrically connecting means which connects the heating element and an electric power source. The fuel evaporator further comprises an elastic cushion member which is disposed in the under surface of the heating element and a spring means which supports and presses the heating element against the heating plate member of the casing through the cushion member. Due to the elasticity of the cushion member, the heating element is uniformly pressed by the spring means without being broken.

Abstract: A fuel preheater for an internal combustion engine directs incoming fuel from inlet manifold (40) against an end wall (22) heated by exhaust gas in conduit (14). The heated mixture is passed through a screen element (30) and traverses a helical path before entry into the intake manifold (50) of the engine. Heating of the mixture to a temperature between 427.degree.-482.degree. C. is disclosed as being advantageous to operation of the engine from the standpoint of noxious emissions.

Abstract: A fuel and water conditioner (10) integrated as a single unit is used with an engine that develops motive power. Such conditioner includes a first compartment (24) that vaporizes the fuel, and a second compartment (26) that vaporizes the water. An air intake structure (30) enables an air stream (32) to flow within the conditioner and through air filter (28) into the intake manifold (60) of the engine. The vaporized fuel and water is carried by and combines with the air stream into such intake manifold. Various heating devices (50, 250) are thermally coupled to the conditioner to heat the fuel and water in such conditioner and assist in further vaporizing such fuel and water.

Abstract: A fuel evaporator for use in a fuel entry system of an internal combustion engine comprises a heating element of ceramics having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, a thermally conductive covering plate which covers the heating element in the fuel entry system and a connecting means which electrically connects the heating element to an electric power source.The connecting means comprises two electrifying routes and switching means which breaks one electrifying route or selectively connects the two electrifying routes in parallel or in series in accordance with the driving condition of the engine.The fuel droplets falling within the fuel entry system can be evaporated by only a small amount of electric power with high efficiency.And by controlling the electric power consumed by the fuel evaporator, the starting condition of the engine can be maintained good.

Abstract: A fuel control device for a fuel injection system of a type having an intermittent injection type fuel injector disposed in a bore formed in the wall defining an intake passage. The device has a porous tubular element received in the bore in close contact with the fuel injector and defining therein a passage opened at its both ends.The fuel injected by the fuel injector is adhered to the inner surface of the passage defined in the porous tubular element. Air is introduced into the passage through fine air passages formed in the wall of the porous tubular element. The air introduced into the passage well atomizes the fuel into fine particles and is mixed therewith to form a homogeneous mixture.

Abstract: A fuel vaporization promoting device comprises a heater vessel arranged in the collecting portion of the intake manifold of an engine. The heater vessel contains therein at least one PTC element and is shaped in the form of a flat plate. The heater element is spaced above the bottom wall of the collecting portion by a support member having a small cross-sectional area so that an air gap is formed between the lower face of the heater vessel and the bottom wall of the collecting portion. The heater vessel is actuated after the engine is operating under its own power and is turned off when the warm-up of the engine is completed.

Abstract: In a typical vehicle intake manifold on which is mounted a carburetor, a fluid flow director is used to turn the initial downward flow of fuel and air into a lateral direction while simultaneously transmitting heat energy to the fluid for more complete fuel evaporation. The flow director is designed to apportion fuel-air flow over all the face surfaces of several parallel spaced plate members. Except for the lowest or most remote plate member from the fluid inlet, the plates have apertures therein, the diameters of which progressively decrease with greater spacing of the plates from the manifold inlet. The plates are preferably of a ceramic material having a positive temperature coefficient or PTC which is characterized by relatively low electrical resistance at ambient temperatures, but much higher resistance at temperatures corresponding to engine operating temperatures.

Abstract: A device for increasing the uniformity of the air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engines, comprises a hollow truncated cone having a collar about its major opening, the collar being disposed between the carburetor flange and the manifold flange of the internal combustion engine. The cone extends into the manifold inlet and is perforated and has a member therein secured to its internal wall, that directs the mixture from the carburetor against the internal wall of the truncated cone.

Abstract: An arrangement for heating the intake pipe of a spark-ignited internal combustion engine with electrical heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient. These heating elements are located on a heating plate which forms part of the intake pipe wall, and are held by a carrier member, rigidly fastened to these elements. This carrier member has several elastic plates, one for each heating element, connected to one central current contact surface. The carrier member is centered in the heating plate and is loaded by a compression spring which is centered in the cover of the housing of the arrangement.

Abstract: A self-regulating electrically heated positive-temperature-coefficient (hereinafter PTC) carburetor stove for use in the fuel entry system of a gasoline engine is connected through the ignition system directly to the battery for rapidly heating of the stove upon starting of the car. This system comprises a plurality of PTC pills housed in a container with a high thermal conductivity top plate in direct heat transfer relation with the pills. Gasoline droplets are evaporated on this plate during cold start conditions to minimize the need to run a cold engine in the closed choke gasoline rich mode. During heat-up of the engine the PTC pills reach the anomaly temperature and at that point greatly increase their resistance thereby virtually terminating the power requirement of the stove in the heated engine mode.

Abstract: Two embodiments of internal combustion engine induction systems that provide for more efficient operation at low speed and low temperature. The induction system in each embodiment comprise a relatively large main induction passage and a relatively small sub-induction passage, each of which discharges into the combustion chamber of the engine. A throttle valve arrangement is provided so that at low temperatures and low load substantially all of the intake charge is delivered to the combustion chamber through the relatively small sub-induction passage. In this way the intake charge is drawn into the chamber at a high velocity and, if desired, swirling pattern to increase turbulence in the combustion chamber. This has the effect of accelerating combustion and promoting rapid flame propagation so as to improve running under these conditions and also so as to improve fuel economy under these conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving atomization of fuel in an internal combustion engine, which apparatus has a pressure accumulation chamber connected to an intake passageway of the engine via a one-way valve and a first passageway of large flow area. The pressure accumulation chamber is also connected to the intake passageway via a second passageway of small flow area. The pressure accumulation chamber is maintained at a pressure which is close to a maximum pressure in the intake passageway. Thus, a fluid is intermittently ejected from the second passageway of small flow area into the intake passageway, thereby atomizing fuel of liquid condition therein.

Abstract: An exhaust gas flow control valve apparatus comprising a rotary valve shaft extending across the exhaust passage in the exhaust housing. The shaft has an end portion projecting from the exhaust housing. A bimetallic element is mounted on the end portion of the shaft. A hollow collar is sealingly fitted onto the end portion of the shaft. A compression spring is arranged at one end of the shaft, so as to urge the hollow collar against the wall of the exhaust housing, for preventing leakage of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: Carbonation enhancer having a cylindrical shell that is closed at one end by an envolute wall spaced from the inner end of a withdrawal tube, the output stream of a conventional carburetor is directed tangentially into space between the shells and caused to move in a spiral path toward the envolute closure wall by a spiral vane in the space and on reaching the envolute wall to move radially inwardly and into the inner end of the withdrawal tube to travel axially in a direction opposite that of the spiral path with the stream exiting the tube to enter the inlet manifold of the engine. Waste engine heat is applied to the exterior of the cylindrical shell in an amount sufficient to vaporize liquid fuel droplets centrifuged thereagainst from the stream as the latter traverses the spiral path portion of its travel from the carburetor to the intake manifold.

Abstract: A self-regulating electrically heated positive-temperature-coefficient (hereinafter PTC) carburetor stove for use in the fuel entry system of a gasoline engine is connected through the ignition system directly to the battery for rapidly heating of the stove upon starting of the car. This system comprises a plurality of PTC pills housed in a container with a high thermal conductivity top plate in direct heat transfer relation with the pills. Gasoline droplets are evaporated on this plate during cold start conditions to minimize the need to run a cold engine in the closed choke gasoline rich mode. During heat-up of the engine the PTC pills reach the anomaly temperature and at that point greatly increase their resistance thereby virtually terminating the power requirement of the stove in the heated engine mode.