Abstract: According to some embodiments, system and methods are provided, comprising receiving one or more mission objectives for an aircraft mission, and condition data at a mission execution module; generating, via the mission execution module, a mission plan executable to address at least one of the one or more mission objectives via manipulation of a power-thermal management system (PTMS); receiving the generated mission plan at the PTMS directly from the mission execution module; and automatically executing the generated mission plan to operate an aircraft. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A system for distribution of hydrogen gas in a metal hydride reactor is disclosed. The system comprises a hydrogen distribution conduit positioned within a metal tube so as to define an annular space between the hydrogen distribution conduit and the outer metal tube. The hydrogen distribution conduit provides a flow passage for the hydrogen gas. A metal sponge matrix containing hydrogen-storing metal powder or hydrogen-storing alloy powder is filled in the annular space. The system provides a more uniform distribution of hydrogen across the particles of the hydrogen-storing metal/alloy powder, provides mechanical support to the hydrogen distribution conduit, improves the thermal conductivity of the powdered metal/alloy bed and reduces the size and production cost of the reactor.

Abstract: Fuel used as a coolant in an aircraft can be thermally conditioned for active thermal management of the airframe and engine. The fuel can be thermally conditioned using the residual cooling capacity of a power and thermal module (PTM), providing flexibility of thermal system design, or via a compact engine-mounted turbo cooler, to maximize system efficiency. The fuel can be stored in a thermal reserve tank to provide a missionized heat sink capable serviceable for periodic high heat flux equipment. The cooling and provision of cooled fuel to aircraft components can be intelligently controlled to provide efficient cooling and effectively unlimited ground hold times.

Abstract: A heat pipe includes a first metal layer forming a liquid layer configured to move a working fluid that is liquefied from vapor, and a second metal layer forming a vapor layer configured to move the vapor of the working fluid that is vaporized. The first metal layer includes first cavities that cave in from a first surface of the first metal layer and are arranged apart from each other, second cavities that cave in from a second surface of the first metal layer opposite to the first surface of the first metal layer, first pores partially communicating with the first cavities and the second cavities, respectively, and second pores partially communicating side surfaces of the second cavities that are adjacent to each other. The second metal layer is provided on the first surface of the first metal layer and includes an opening exposing the plurality of first cavities.

Abstract: Regasification systems and processes for converting liquid natural gas (LNG) from a liquid into a gaseous state are described. The process includes a closed-loop system that uses geothermal wells as a heat source. A warming fluid circulates through the closed-loop system coupled with a geothermal well and a LNG heat exchanger. The warming fluid is heated as it passes through the geothermal well and cooled as it passes through the LNG heat exchanger, thus heating and gasifying the LNG. The cooled warming fluid then returns to the geothermal well. The closed-loop system minimizing environmental impact by eliminating the need to discharge the warming fluid.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a fuel gathering system in fluid communication with a fuel storage container, and a fluid pump assembly in fluid communication with the fuel gathering system. The fluid pump assembly includes a main gear pump stage and a first flow attenuator. A main driven gear is meshed with a main drive gear in a main pump conduit, and a main pump bearing assembly rotatably supports the main drive gear and the main driven gear. The first flow attenuator is disposed around the main pump conduit, and includes a substantially polygonal fluid opening. Edges of the opening are substantially aligned with an undercut bearing portion on at least one of an inlet side and an outlet side of the main pump conduit to define a non-round fluid boundary.

Abstract: A system for cooling an aircraft includes a fuel tank, a fuel delivery system, a cooling system, and a heat exchanger. The fuel tank is configured to hold cooled fuel for the aircraft. The fuel delivery system is configured to provide at least a portion of the fuel from the fuel tank to an engine of the aircraft. The cooling system is configured to absorb heat generated by components on the aircraft. The heat exchanger is thermally connected to the fuel delivery system and the cooling system. The heat exchanger is configured to transfer at least a portion of the heat from the components on the aircraft to the cooled fuel. The system may further include a two or three phase expendable liquid system. The expendable liquid system is configured to transfer heat to a frozen or liquid coolant to vaporize and expend the coolant from the aircraft.

Abstract: This disclosure relates a system for heating fuel supplied by a common rail fuel supply to an internal combustion engine. The system includes a high pressure fuel line, plural fuel injectors connected in series along the high pressure fuel line in the common rail, and a continuous low pressure passage including a heat exchanging portion in close proximity to the high pressure fuel line. A heated fluid source is operative to fluidly communicate with the continuous low pressure passage and circulate heated fluid to heat fuel present in the high pressure fuel line prior to, and during a cold start operation of the internal combustion engine. Other embodiments relate to a method of providing fuel to an internal combustion engine that includes sensing the temperature of fuel supplied to a fuel system and determining whether the sensed fuel temperature is greater than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A device for separating fuel components comprising a separating membrane for separating high-octane fuel components from un-separated fuel and a heat exchanger between first liquid passing through the heat exchanger and second liquid passing through the heat exchanger, is provided. The first liquid is un-separated fuel passing through the heat exchanger before being supplied to the separating membrane. The second liquid is low-octane fuel remaining when the high-octane fuel components are separated from the un-separated fuel, passing through the heat exchanger after changing to an almost liquid phase.

Abstract: A fuel conservation device for a combustion engine includes a heat-exchanging tube disposed through a heating coil that is contained within a housing containing coolant. The heat-exchanging tube is adapted to be coupled inline with a fuel line used to supply fuel from a gas tank to a fuel management device, such as a carburetor provided by the engine. In addition, the heating coil is configured to be coupled to an exhaust pipe coupled to the engine, so as to be heated by the hot exhaust gases generated as it operates. A radiator fluidly coupled to the housing cools the coolant, so that the fuel passing through the fuel line is maintained at a temperature just below the boiling point of the fuel.

Abstract: A fuel warming device for increasing the temperature of a vehicle's fuel from the fuel line before entering the engine featuring a housing, a copper coil spanning the housing, a heating fluid filling the housing, and a heating element for heating the heating fluid operatively connected to a power source via an electrical connection component. The fuel from the fuel line is heated in the copper coil tube by the heated heating fluid.

Abstract: It has been found that direct-injection gasoline engines emit particulate matter during the first 500 seconds of operation due to fuel impacting combustion chamber surfaces. To largely overcome the fuel penetrating to surfaces in the combustion chamber, the fuel may be heated. In one embodiment, engine coolant that is heated in the water jacket portions nearest exhaust ducts is provided directly to a tube in physical contact with the fuel rail. In some embodiments, the tube is provided with an electric heating element. If the coolant pump is turned off at the initial portions of a cold start, the electric heater raises the temperature of the fuel in the fuel rail. After engine coolant temperature raises, water, warm coolant is provided to the tube proximate the fuel rail and the heater is turned off.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a fuel deoxygenator for removing oxygen from a liquid fuel. A vaporizer is in fluid communication with the fuel deoxygenator. The vaporizer vaporizes at least a portion of the liquid fuel to produce vaporized fuel. At least a portion of the vaporized fuel pre-mixes with oxidizer to reduce formation of undesirable emissions.

Abstract: A method for treating waste cooking oil is disclosed, the method comprising subjecting the waste cooking oil to a first separation comprising a settling treatment at ambient temperatures to produce an oil fraction and a sludge fraction; and subjecting the oil fraction so recovered to a second separation comprising filtration. An apparatus for refining waste cooking oil comprises a settling system for separating the waste cooking oil into an oil fraction and a sludge fraction; a filtration system for filtering the oil fraction. The oil fraction recovered is particularly suitable for use as a fuel for an internal combustion engine and as a replacement for diesel in operating diesel engines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel heating system for preheating a vegetable oil based fuel for use in a diesel engine, said fuel heating system comprising a fuel tank (1), a heating device (3), a heat carrier arrangement (4,6) comprising a liquid heat carrier, and a heat exchanger (6) arranged inside said fuel tank, wherein said heating device is arranged to use vegetable oil based fuel from said fuel tank for heating the heat carrier, said heat carrier arrangement allows transport of hot heat carrier from said heating device to said heat exchanger and transport of cold heat carrier from said heat exchanger back to said heating device, and said heat exchanger is arranged to allow heat transfer from said heat carrier to said vegetable oil based fuel in said fuel tank.

Abstract: According to the method, the gases are circulated in a liquid/gas heat exchanger (2, 12) prior to their entering the internal combustion engine (58) and a high temperature liquid and/or a low temperature liquid is circulated in the liquid/gas heat exchanger (2, 12) in order to heat and/or cool the gases (84) as required. The liquid/gas heat exchanger may comprise a single stage or two stages, that is a high temperature stage and a low temperature stage. It can also be used to cool the recirculating exhaust gases prior to their entering the engine.

Abstract: A system (10) and method for removing heat from an engine compartment in a motor vehicle where heat generated by operation of a heat engine (12) that propels the vehicle tends to collect. Engine heat is collected in a thermofluid in a reservoir forming an evaporator (14) where the thermofluid absorbs heat sufficient to evaporate it. The vapor naturally migrates to a condenser (22) that is cooled sufficiently to condense the vapor back to liquid phase. The liquid falls by gravity back to the condenser.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a fuel deoxygenator for removing oxygen from a liquid fuel. A vaporizer is in fluid communication with the fuel deoxygenator. The vaporizer vaporizes at least a portion of the liquid fuel to produce vaporized fuel. At least a portion of the vaporized fuel pre-mixes with oxidizer to reduce formation of undesirable emissions.

Abstract: For use in an internal combustion engine equipped with a fuel injection system, a heat exchanger module features a distributor block, which is connected via at least one first fuel line with the intake of the injection system and via at least one second fuel line with the output of the injection system. A thermal compensation takes place between the at least one fuel conveyed out of the injection system and the distributor block.

Abstract: Fuel for supply to the carburetor of an engine is vaporized in a container having a first and second chamber divided by a transverse heating plate against which the fuel is impacted from a fuel injection nozzle a form vapour therefrom so be discharged under pressure from the vaporization through an outlet duct for supplying the vapour from the first chamber to the engine. The heating plate is heated by a heating liquid heated by a thermostatically controlled electrical heating element within the second chamber. The injector is controlled by a pressure switch in the first chamber.

Abstract: A heater for gas fuel mounted to a pressure reducing regulator to warm the gas after the temperature is reduced by the pressure reduction. The heater receives the fuel from the regulator through an external pipe and has separate gas and coolant passages therein. The coolant passage receives liquid engine coolant that heats both the gas and the regulator. A heater core has a plurality of radially extending fins around which the gas passes with the coolant passing through the interior of the core. Coolant flow is regulated by a thermostat that is responsive to the temperature of the gas to open and close the coolant passage.

Abstract: A hot water conduit is formed between an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. A gasket seals an annular opening of the hot water conduit facing to a surge tank. Hot water is supplied into the conduit from an engine cooling water passage. Heat of the hot water is effectively transferred to the entire vicinity or surrounding of a throttle valve, thereby effectively avoiding icing phenomenon of the throttle apparatus.

Abstract: A cold start fuel preheat system for an internal combustion engine includes a housing and a fuel rail extending through the housing to deliver fuel to the internal combustion engine. The cold start fuel preheat system also includes a phase transform material disposed in the housing and about the fuel rail. The cold start fuel preheat system further includes a mechanism for heating the phase transform material such that the phase transform material stores the heat and transfers the stored heat to the fuel during cold start of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine comprises two counter rotating multilobate cams which are acted upon by a pair of diametrically opposed pistons which are rigidly interlinked by connecting rods. Differential gearing is provided to time the counter rotation of the cams.The following is an examiner's statement of reasons for allowance: The prior art fails to teach or fairly suggest the invention as a whole including a shaft having a first multilobate cam axially fixed to said shaft and an adjacent second multilobate cam differentially geared to said first multilobate cam for axial counter rotation about said shaft, at least one pair of cylinders, the cylinders of each pair being diametrically opposed with respect to said shaft with said multilobate cams interposed therebetween, and a piston in each said cylinder, said pistons of a pair of cylinders being rigidly interconnected.

Abstract: An air and fuel system for carburetor and fuel injection engines that regulates the temperature of air and fuel that is mixed in the carburetor or fuel injector prior to introduction to the cylinders of the engine. A heater and associated filter located at the air intake side of the carburetor are activated by circulating heated fluid (coolant) contained within the engine cooling system. The coolant passes through the heater and an isolated chamber or conductor and the fuel line passes inside the coolant line within the heater surroundings so that air and fuel can be temperature regulated. Valves in the fuel line allow for proper mixture of air and fuel. A filter is sized to fit inside or outside the heater, and the heater and filter are encompassed by a cover to hold the components together.

Abstract: A device for translating rotary to linear motion and vice versa includes a reciprocating linearly moving shuttle with a central aperture. The aperture has a pair of opposing gear racks protruding towards the center and which capture therebetween a pair of pinion sectors rotatably mounted to the crankpin of a rotatable crankshaft with the axis of crankshaft rotation perpendicular to the linear path of the shuttle. The pinion sectors are free to rotate about the crankpin and articulate independently of each other through a selected angular range. When the crankpin, including the pinion sectors, is inserted into the aperture of the shuttle with the pinion sectors engaging the racks, motion is transferable between the crankpin and the shuttle through the pinion sectors.

Abstract: A power transfer mechanism for transferring power between rotating components and reciprocating components includes a cam rotatable about an axis and having an odd number of lobes evenly spaced therearound, and a double acting reciprocating member which includes two diametrically opposed pistons, each of which is connected rigidly to a roller follower in operable relationship with the cam, and connecting means disposed between the pistons for resiliently urging the roller followers against the cam.

Abstract: In an engine having free floating reciprocating pistons each with a cam follower which bears on a tri lobed cam, the pistons are arranged in one or more banks of four pistons each of which extends over an angular interval of 90.degree.. Where two banks of four pistons are utilized, the banks may be separated by an angular interval of 30.degree. or 90.degree.. The tri-lobed cam may be sinuously shaped with different profiles according to the desired characteristics of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a hollow rotary engine body, an axially opposite pair of main pistons capable of rotating with but slidably reciprocating relative to the engine body, a cam mechanism for causing the main pistons to make one full rotation with the engine body as the piston makes two reciprocations, and a pair of axially fixed auxiliary pistons coaxially inserted into the respective main pistons. A main combustion chamber is formed in the engine body between the main pistons, whereas a pair of auxiliary combustion chambers are formed in the respective auxiliary pistons. Explosive combustion takes place alternately in the main combustion chamber and each auxiliary combustion chamber.

Abstract: A conjugate drive mechanism of a scotch yoke type motion converter includes a conjugate driver, which is rotatably mounted on a crankpin, and a bearing conjugate, which is mounted on a linearly movable shuttle. The conjugate drive mechanism is lubricated by supplying lubricating fluid from a pressurized source to an interface between meshing portions of the bearing conjugate and the conjugate driver.

Abstract: An internal combustion (IC) engine with at least one pair of aligned and opposed cylinders has a reciprocating double-headed piston in each cylinder pair. The axis of the double-headed piston is perpendicular to a driveshaft. The reciprocating motion of the double-headed piston is transmitted to the driveshaft by a rotating crankdisk. The crankdisk is rigidly mounted to the driveshaft, which is rotably mounted to a crankcase. The resulting IC engine has a low engine profile, as well as simpler engine construction with fewer moving parts and fewer bearing surfaces compared to conventional IC engines and yoke-type engines.

Abstract: An evaporative fuel emission control system for an internal combustion engine has a canister connected to a fuel tank of the engine. The canister temporarily stores evaporative fuel generated from the fuel tank. The evaporative emission control system also includes a purging passage connecting the canister and a portion of an intake passage at a location downstream of a throttle valve arranged in the intake passage. An amount of evaporative fuel is increased which is generated from the fuel tank. In a preferred form, the system includes a second fuel tank arranged between the first-mentioned fuel tank and the canister. Evaporative fuel is increased by evaporating fuel in the second fuel tank.

Abstract: A preheater system especially useful for diesel engine cold starts stores waste heat extracted from the engine exhaust flow in the form of chemical potential in a thermal storage material such as lithium bromide. The energy is retrieved during a cold start by direct hydration of that material to preheat engine intake air.

Abstract: An heat exchange arrangement for a fuel system of an internal-combustion engine vehicle utilizing a heat pipe with an evaporizing zone for cooling the fuel directed from the engine to the fuel tank and a condensation zone located in an air path of the vehicle.

Abstract: An arrangement that uses aircraft fuel as a heat sink for aircraft auxiliary oil systems for an aircraft having at least one engine operated by fuel and having an engine interface limit and including a fuel/oil heat exchanger for removing heat from the aircraft auxiliary oil systems and having a fuel outlet temperature, a temperature sensing for determining temperature of the fuel leaving the fuel/oil heat exchanger, a recirculating flow control valve having variable positions including an open and a closed position controlled by the temperature sensor, the fuel always going to the aircraft engine but also going through the flow control valve when the flow control valve is in the open position so that recirculation is minimized and maximum heat is rejected to the engine by the fuel outlet temperature of the fuel/oil heat exchanger when the fuel outlet temperature of the fuel/oil heat exchanger is controlled by the engine interface limit, a ram air heat exchanger for removing heat from the fuel leaving the rec

Abstract: The present invention provides an engine intake air preheating device having(A) an intake air preheater for preheating air to be fed into an engine, the preheater including a first metal hydride and being disposed within an intake air feeding tube for heat exchange with the intake air,(B) a hydrogen storage container including hydrogen or a second metal hydride, and(C) a pipe having a valve and connecting the intake air preheater to the hydrogen storage container so that hydrogen can move between them;and also an engine preheating device having(A') an engine preheater for preheating an engine, the preheater including a first metal hydride and being mounted on the engine for heat-exchange with the engine,(B) the hydrogen storage container, and(C) the pipe.There is also provided a method for preheating intake air at the time of starting the engine using an engine intake air preheating device such as the one according to the present invention.

Abstract: A novel heat management system for aircraft is provided which is based on the aircraft fuel as the heat exchange medium and comprises a dedicated thermal reserve fuel tank for containing refrigerated aircraft fuel (or other expendable liquid) which is cooled by heat exchange with the primary aircraft fuel flow to the engines, a fuel line loop for conducting fuel through a plurality of heat exchangers associated with cooling loops for heat generating aircraft systems, and a central microprocessor based controller for controlling fuel flow and temperature throughout the fuel loop system and into the aircraft engine.

Abstract: A hydrogen compressor (10) having a hydride (26) suspended in a matrix (28). A cooling jacket (12) circumscribes the compressor (10) and a heater (22) is inserted within the compressor (10). A spring filter (30) is inserted within the compressor (10). A plurality of compressors (10A and 10B) are ganged together and are sequentially energized and deenergized by a plurality of timing means (72, 74A and 74B).

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an improved cold-start boosting device of an automotive engine, which comprises a heat pipe having a heat absorbing end exposed to the vehicle cabin and a heat emitting end exposed to the interior of a passage through which air flows before entering the engine proper, and a portable electric regenerator which is detachably connectable to the heat absorbing end of the heat pipe.

Abstract: A hydride storage for hydrogen comprises a preferably tubular solid casing for the storage material. In the interior of the casing, the storage material is bounded by a wall of a fabric, particularly metallic fabric, through which the hydrogen penetrates into, and out of, the material. Preferably, a highly elastic conduit (tubular body) permeable to gas and made of a metallic fabric is embedded in the storage material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for fuel delivery to an internal combustion engine, mprising a vaporizing element whose one section is heated by exhaust gases and the other section is disposed in an intake duct and has an operating surface, a fuel charge being injected onto said surface by an injection nozzle. In this device the operating surface of the vaporizing element extends from its section heated by the exhaust gases to a diametrically opposite portion of the intake duct, and the orifice of the injection nozzle is directd tangentially as close to the operating surface of the vaporizing element as possible.

Abstract: Exhaust emissions are reduced, fuel consumption is improved for internal-combustion engines, and the number of cold starts reduced by storing heat energy from the operation of the engine in a heat-storage reservoir filled with a change-of-state heat-storage material. Absorbed heat energy is released back to the engine's intake manifold to maintain elevated engine temperature between uses and starting up of the engine.

Abstract: A system for vaporizing fuel and mixing it in controlled proportions with liquid fuel as a feed to a carburetor in an internal combustion engine comprising a vapor generator for heating liquid fuel to vaporize it, a jacket around the generator filled with a liquid heating medium, a means for controlling the heating of the liquid heating medium by exchange with the exhaust of the engine, a first temperature sensing means to detect when the vaporized fuel in the vapor generator reaches a predetermined value and signaling a controlled means to admit vaporized fuel to the feed line to the carburetor and correspondingly to reduce liquid fuel being fed to the carburetor, a second temperature sensing means in said jacket for controlling the amount of heat absorbed by the liquid heating medium from the exhaust, a first pressure regulator means in the vapor outlet of the vapor generator to direct vaporized fuel to the feed of the carburetor upon reaching a predetermined pressure in the vapor generator, and a second pr

Abstract: An apparatus for preheating the fuel and carburetor of an internal combustion engine and for improving vaporization of the fuel is disclosed herein which comprises a fuel chamber received within a cylindrical heat chamber including a heated liquid therein. The apparatus further includes a vaporization assembly mounted between the carburetor and intake manifold and providing, consecutively, a first screen, heat tubes and second screen. Means are provided for circulating the heat medium between the heat chamber, in which the medium is heated, and the vaporization assembly. Pump means are also provided for moving the fuel from the fuel chamber to the carburetor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preheating fuel which employs a canister concentrically mounted on an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, a fuel line through which fuel flows from the engine and which is helically wound within the canister about the pipe in radially spaced relation to the pipe, and a heat transfer fluid within the canister which surrounds the pipe and the line and is substantially the sole conductor of heat from the pipe to the line.