Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing EGR gas temperature for an engine that includes at least one dedicated EGR cylinder. The dedicated EGR cylinder may provide exhaust gas to engine cylinders and the exhaust gas does not include exhaust gases from cylinders other than the dedicated EGR cylinder. The dedicated EGR cylinder may allow the engine to operate at higher EGR dilution levels.

Abstract: A system for controlling exhaust heat recovery and an exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR), the system includes an exhaust gas post processing device mounted on an outlet of an engine exhaust manifold, an exhaust gas purifying device, an exhaust heat recovery chamber having an exhaust gas pick-up space and further having a structure in which a cooling water flow passage is formed on the outside, and further being mounted on the outlet of the exhaust gas post processing device, a bypass valve mounted on an outlet of the exhaust heat recovery, and an EGR valve mounted on the exhaust heat recovery chamber to be opened and closed to circulate the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas pick-up space to an EGR cooler and an engine intake manifold.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (1) for gases, in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine includes a bundle of tubes (2) arranged inside a casing (3) defining a gas inlet (4) and outlet (5). The tubes (2) being intended for the circulation of the gases with a view to exchanging heat with a coolant, and the tubes (2) being distributed in at least one column having a plurality of rows defining a plurality of spaces (8) between the rows, and including a coolant inlet pipe (9) and outlet pipe (10) connected to the casing (3). The exchanger (1) includes a bypass channel (11) incorporated into the casing (3) capable of connecting the spaces (8) defined between the rows of tubes (2) located in front of the channel (11) with one of the coolant pipes (10), in such a way as to improve the distribution of the coolant.

Abstract: A marine engine includes a first turbocharger, a first intercooler, a second turbocharger, a second intercooler, an oil filter, and a top cover. The first turbocharger and the second turbocharger supply air by using an exhaust gas. The first intercooler and the second intercooler cool gases having passed through the turbochargers, respectively. The top cover is a cover arranged in an upper region of the marine engine. These devices are arranged so as not to overlap one another when seen in the thickness direction of the top cover.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cooler and method of cooling are provided. The exhaust gas cooler includes an inlet and outlet manifold and respectively including inlet and outlet openings and respectively positioned at a first and second end of the cooler. The exhaust gas cooler includes a plurality of conduits coupled to the inlet and outlet manifold and also includes at least one side wall coupled to the inlet and outlet manifold around the plurality of conduits, such that the plurality of conduits are disposed in a region between the at least one side wall and the inlet and outlet manifold. The at least one sidewall includes a first coolant inlet opening and a first coolant outlet opening each adjacent a first end of the exhaust gas cooler, a second coolant inlet opening, and a second coolant outlet opening. The exhaust gas cooler includes a bypass conduit positioned outside of the region.

Abstract: A portable air cooling system and method for providing cooled air for mobile use for a user including in a golf cart has an insulated portable casing, an air cooling assembly, a primary air blower fan, a secondary air blower fan, a computer control unit, switches including variable resistance switches, a portable power source including batteries and solar panels, and a secondary casing for housing the portable power source.

Abstract: An engine system may include main exhaust ports fluidly communicated with each combustion chamber, main exhaust valves opening and closing each main exhaust port, a main exhaust manifold connected with the main exhaust ports, scavenge exhaust ports fluidly communicated with the each combustion chamber, scavenge valves opening and closing the each scavenge exhaust port, a scavenge manifold connected with the scavenge exhaust ports, in which at least a part of an exhaust gas passing through the scavenge manifold is re-circulated to the combustion chamber to be burned.

Abstract: A heat exchanger that transfers heat from an exhaust gas flow to a liquid coolant includes a first heat exchange section and a second heat exchange section located adjacent the first heat exchange section. The first heat exchange section is located within a first housing that at least partially encloses a first fluid volume. The second heat exchange section is located within a second housing that at least partially encloses a second fluid volume. A first plurality of heat exchange tubes traverses the first heat exchange section, and a second plurality of heat exchange tubes traverses the second heat exchange section. An exhaust gas flow path of the heat exchanger includes the first fluid volume and the interiors of the second plurality of heat exchange tubes. A coolant flow path of the heat exchanger includes the second fluid volume and the interiors of the first plurality of heat exchange tubes.

Abstract: A mixing valve of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle includes: a flap arranged in a suction channel and a flap arranged in an exhaust gas channel. One single flap of the two flaps is drivable via a gear pair with non-round or eccentric gears. The drive of the other flap has lost motion, whereby the closing movements of the flaps can be formed in a particularly free manner with only a single actuating motor.

Abstract: The present invention is a compact device for exhaust gas management in an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system configured for occupying a smaller space with respect to the space commonly occupied by a set of elements present in an EGR system, which device is suitable for being coupled to a PF or DPF filter (PF is the abbreviation for particulate filter and DPF is the abbreviation for diesel particulate filter), whichever is appropriate.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for adjusting flow resistances in an engine cooling system. In one example, a method for an engine includes adjusting a first resistance of a radiator main return line to be greater than a second resistance of a sub-cooled return line in response to an engine speed below a threshold speed, the sub-cooled return line arranged in parallel with the radiator main return line in an engine cooling system.

Abstract: Starting an internal combustion engine may be difficult as a consequence of the operating conditions of the engine. Even after the engine has started, it may take a long period of time for the engine to reach operating temperatures. In the present disclosure, starting difficulty is expected for an engine with an exhaust gas recirculation system, before starting the engine an exhaust gas aftertreatment device is heated to warm residual air within the exhaust gas system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for surge control in an engine system having multiple staged charge boosting devices. In one example, responsive to a drop in driver torque demand, compressed air is continued to be provided by operating a downstream intake compressor while accelerating an upstream compressor to reduce flow through the first compressor. By increasing the compressor pressure ratio at the first compressor via operation of the second compressor, surge is reduced without degrading boosted engine performance.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a dual-fuel engine includes an exhaust treatment component in an exhaust passageway. The exhaust treatment component is configured to treat exhaust from the combustion of a second fuel and not from combustion of a first fuel. A thermal enhancement device is in communication with the exhaust passageway and positioned upstream from the exhaust treatment component. A controller activates and deactivates the thermal enhancement device based on switching from the first fuel to the second fuel, wherein the first fuel has a higher sulfur content than the second fuel. The thermal enhancement device increases the temperature of an exhaust to combust a residual amount of the first fuel present in the exhaust passageway during the switch between the first fuel and the second fuel.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling and coordinating control of a post-catalyst exhaust throttle and an EGR valve to expedite catalyst heating. By closing both valves during an engine cold start, an elevated exhaust backpressure and increased heat rejection at an EGR cooler can be synergistically used to warm each of an engine and an exhaust catalyst. The valves may also be controlled to vary an amount of exhaust flowing through an exhaust venturi so as to meet engine vacuum needs while providing a desired amount of engine EGR.

Abstract: A charge air cooling chamber has a lower wall with an orifice in the lower wall. A condensate pipe is fluidly connected to drain exhaust fume condensate from the orifice into a collection tank. A vent pipe is fluidly connected to vent fumes from an upper opening of the collection tank to an exhaust stack. A loop seal is fluidly connected to drain condensate from a lower opening of the collection tank. Exhaust gas moisture condensate drains from the cooling chamber into the collection tank, via the continuously open orifice. Exhaust gas moisture condensate fumes vent from the collection tank to the exhaust stack.

Abstract: A Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system including a Venturi exhaust passage device, in which a temperature and a pressure in a high pressure passage are measured, together with a difference of pressures in the high pressure passage and a low pressure passage, while a pressure drop across a DPF is monitored. A PM amount and an exhaust flow rate, which are key parameters in DPF control, can be calculated with the measured values. With the Venturi exhaust passage device, a two-stage bootstrapping heating device with two DOCs and an electrical heater can be further used to heat exhaust gas at a temperature lower than a light-off temperature, while a flow-back passage fluidly connected to an outlet of the DPF can be used for increasing exhaust flow-rate and making PM distribution in the DPF more uniform.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for marine internal combustion engines and other variants is provided. An internal combustion engine is coupled to an electric power generator. An exhaust aftertreatment system connected to the engine includes an exhaust gas recirculation system with an exhaust gas recirculation system having one or more cooling features to reduce an external temperature of the EGR system.

Abstract: A method for monitoring an internal combustion engine includes monitoring thermal efficiency in a heat exchanger of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system with a flow control valve commanded to a first, open state and monitoring thermal efficiency in the heat exchanger with the flow control valve commanded to a second, closed state. The flow control valve is evaluated based upon the monitored efficiencies.

Abstract: An integrated exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler includes a cooling core allowing an exhaust manifold and an intake manifold to be in communication with each other and an integrated housing having the cooling core inserted thereinto. The integrated housing is provided with a first exhaust port exhausting a coolant introduced thereinto only when a thermo-sensitive device mounted in the integrated housing is operated and a second exhaust port always exhausting the coolant introduced thereinto. An amount of the coolant introduced into an EGR cooler is maximized. Therefore, cooling efficiency may be maximized, and a size of the cooling core may be decreased.

Abstract: A power system including an intake gas cooler and aftercooler positioned gaseously downstream thereof. The intake gas cooler is configured to receive a fresh intake gas for combusting in an engine and a recirculated exhaust gas expelled by the engine for re-combusting therein.

Abstract: The invention concerns an intake housing 1 for an internal combustion engine, capable of receiving a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a feed gas stream circulating in the housing and a coolant, wherein said intake housing 1 includes a space 3 for the circulation of the feed gas and a space 2 for receiving the heat exchanger, said receiving space 2 being defined by at least a first metal component 4, 5 including at least one extension 16, 17 that is in one piece with the first metal component 4, 5, said extension 16, 17 at least partially defining the space 3 for the circulation of the feed gas.

Abstract: Embodiments for heating a vehicle cabin are disclosed. In one example, a method for heating a vehicle cabin comprises closing an exhaust throttle while diverting at least a portion of throttled exhaust gas through an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler coupled upstream of the throttle, and transferring heat from the EGR cooler to a heater core configured to provide heat to the vehicle cabin. In this way, exhaust heat may be directly routed to the cabin heating system.

Abstract: An exhaust gas valve device for an internal combustion engine includes, an actor, an actor housing, a valve housing connected to the actor housing, an exhaust gas inlet, an exhaust gas outlet, a valve comprising a movement transmission member and a control body, and a coolant channel comprising a coolant inlet port and a coolant outlet port. The valve is configured to control a flow cross-section between the exhaust gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet. The coolant channel is arranged to extend in the actor housing and in the valve housing. The coolant inlet port and the coolant outlet port are arranged on the actor housing.

Abstract: A method for desulphurizing an exhaust-gas recirculation flow of an internal combustion engine supplied to the internal combustion engine on the fresh-air side includes branching a partial exhaust-gas flow from the exhaust-gas flow of the internal combustion engine. At least one reactant is supplied to the partial exhaust-gas flow that splits to form ammonia, and the thus laden partial exhaust-gas flow is supplied partially, as an exhaust-gas recirculation flow, to the fresh-air side and partially, as an aftertreatment partial flow, to an exhaust-gas aftertreatment system. The flow rate of the exhaust-gas recirculation flow supplied to the fresh-air side and the flow rate of the aftertreatment partial flow supplied to the exhaust gas aftertreatment system are predefined and/or varied by a regulating device as a function of at least one operating parameter that defines the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for heating engine coolant by transferring heat from an exhaust flow to the engine coolant via a heat exchanger positioned in an exhaust gas heat recovery line coupled to the EGR cooler responsive to an EGR valve position. In one particular example, a branching pathway of the EGR cooler is positioned downstream of the EGR cooler and allows exhaust gas to be routed to the EGR cooler and/or exhaust gas heat exchanger based on the EGR valve position, which allows for control of the amount of heat transferred to the engine coolant as well as exhaust gas recirculation into the engine. With this arrangement, a cabin temperature of a hybrid vehicle may be increased as quickly as possible under cold start conditions to allow the engine to be quickly turned off after heating the vehicle cabin.

Abstract: A method for controlling a cooling system in a vehicle, may include an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) use determination step of determining whether to use EGR, a first coolant temperature management step of controlling a coolant temperature using a first coolant temperature map based on an output value reflecting engine operating conditions when driving the vehicle using the EGR, and a second coolant temperature management step of controlling the coolant temperature using a second coolant temperature map in which a coolant temperature of the second coolant temperature map may be set to be higher than a coolant temperature of the first coolant temperature map in a same engine operation region when driving the vehicle not using the EGR.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling device for an engine (1) exhaust gas recirculation circuit, notably that of a motor vehicle, said circuit comprising a valve (2) for controlling the circulation of said gas, said device comprising a heat exchanger (3), known as the EGR exchanger, intended to allow an exchange of heat between the exhaust gases passing through said recirculation circuit and a coolant fluid, and means (4) of cooling said valve. According to the invention, said device comprises a cooling loop (5), known as a high-temperature cooling loop and configured so that said valve cooling means (4) have a first fluid passing through them, and a second cooling loop (12), known as a low-temperature cooling loop and configured so that the EGR exchanger (3) has passing through it a second fluid at a temperature lower than that of the first fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for mitigating fouling within a heat exchanger device includes an internal combustion engine and an external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) circuit. The internal combustion engine is fluidly coupled to an intake gas manifold upstream of the engine and an exhaust gas manifold downstream of the engine. The EGR circuit is fluidly coupled to the exhaust gas manifold at a first end and is configured to selectively route back exhaust gas flow as EGR flow into the intake gas manifold at a second end. The EGR circuit includes the heat exchanger device for cooling the EGR flow prior to entering the intake manifold and a surface deposit removing device configured to remove surface deposit build-up from within the heat exchanger device when the surface deposit removing device is activated.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine is a control device, applied to an internal combustion engine including an EGR cooler which includes a heat exchange body made of a material including SiC. The control device includes a control unit that controls a flow rate of coolant passing through an EGR cooler to be small in a case of a temperature of the coolant not less than a predetermined value in ending the coolant stop control of the coolant stop control unit, as compared with a case of a temperature of the coolant less than the predetermined value in ending the coolant stop control of the coolant stop control unit.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are provided for controlling the temperature of outlet gasses from a throttle bypass turbine. In one embodiment, a method of operating a throttle bypass turbine comprises controlling a temperature of outlet gas flowing out of the turbine by routing the outlet gas through an exhaust gas recirculation heat exchanger positioned in an exhaust gas recirculation passage, the turbine coupled to an intake passage.

Abstract: With a precondition that a cooling water temperature sensor 16 and an intercooler exit gas temperature sensor 18 have been determined normal, whether an EGR cooler efficiency calculated is within a normal range is determined. When within the normal range, whether there is divergence between a calculation value of an intake temperature to be detected by an intake manifold gas temperature sensor 19 and an actual detection value of the sensor 19 is determined. When not in the normal range, whether the calculation value is excessively low is determined; and, just like the above, whether there is divergence between the calculation value and the actuation detection value of the intake manifold gas temperature sensor 19 is determined. Based on the determinations categorized, whether the EGR cooler 14, EGR gas temperature sensor 17 and intake manifold gas temperature sensor 19 are normal is determined.

Abstract: A cooling system for an engine is provided. The cooling system includes an EGR device including an EGR passage for recirculating exhaust gas into an intake passage, an EGR valve for adjusting a flow rate of the recirculating exhaust gas, and an EGR cooler for cooling the recirculating exhaust gas, an EGR valve controller for controlling the EGR valve, coolant flow paths including a first flow path and a second flow path and where coolant circulates, a coolant pump for circulating coolant within the coolant flow paths, a flow rate control valve for adjusting a flow rate of the coolant through the second flow path, a temperature detector for detecting a coolant temperature within the first flow path, and a valve controller for adjusting a flow rate control valve opening based on the detected temperature.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a twin scroll turbocharged engine with a junction configured to selectively control exhaust gas delivery to an exhaust gas recirculation system and a twin scroll turbine are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for recirculating engine exhaust gas, and more particularly, to a system for recirculating engine exhaust gas, which mixes a part of exhaust gas discharged from an engine with air for combustion, and recirculates the mixture, thereby inhibiting nitrogen oxide (NOx) from being generated. Therefore, a technical problem to be achieved in the present disclosure is to provide a system for recirculating engine exhaust gas which may have a simplified structure. In addition, another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for recirculating engine exhaust gas, which improves output of an engine by increasing an amount of intake air, and further improves fuel efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a condition of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler of an internal combustion engine includes a clean EGR cooler module that is configured to estimate the temperature of exhaust gas exiting a clean EGR cooler. The apparatus also includes a fouled EGR cooler module that is configured estimate the temperature of exhaust gas exiting a fouled EGR cooler. Further, the apparatus includes an EGR cooler effectiveness module that is configured to determine a normalized effectiveness of the EGR cooler based on the estimated temperature of exhaust gas exiting a clean EGR cooler and the estimated temperature of exhaust gas exiting a fouled EGR cooler. Additionally, the apparatus includes an EGR cooler condition module that is configured to determine a condition of the EGR cooler based on the normalized effectiveness of the EGR cooler.

Abstract: A heat exchanger that transfers heat from an exhaust gas flow to a liquid coolant includes a first heat exchange section and a second heat exchange section located adjacent the first heat exchange section. The first heat exchange section is located within a first housing that at least partially encloses a first fluid volume. The second heat exchange section is located within a second housing that at least partially encloses a second fluid volume. A first plurality of heat exchange tubes traverses the first heat exchange section, and a second plurality of heat exchange tubes traverses the second heat exchange section. An exhaust gas flow path of the heat exchanger includes the first fluid volume and the interiors of the second plurality of heat exchange tubes. A coolant flow path of the heat exchanger includes the second fluid volume and the interiors of the first plurality of heat exchange tubes.

Abstract: A cam full close stopper defines a cam full close position that is a limit position of a rotatable range of a cam. A sensor element outputs a signal corresponding to a rotation angle of the cam. A signal processor changes the signal output from the sensor element into a sensor output. A storage part memorizes a data table representing a correspondence relationship between the rotation angle of the cam and the sensor output of the signal processor in a predetermined form, characteristics of the sensor output being adjustable at a plurality of points with respect to the rotation angle of the cam. The storage part memorizes the sensor output of the signal processor when the cam is fully closed at the cam full close position.

Abstract: A heat transfer medium assembly unit, especially for a heat exchanger arrangement of a vehicle heater, includes a housing part (16) with at least one opening (22, 24) for receiving a connecting branch. At least one flexible fixing element is associated with the at least one opening (22, 24) for receiving a connecting branch. The at least one flexible fixing element is provided for fixing a connecting branch (12, 14) mounted in the opening (22, 24) for receiving a connecting branch for providing a connecting branch/housing part preassembled assembly unit (76).

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) heat exchange unit having an integrated heat exchange chamber and an integrated deaeration chamber is provided. A coolant opening and a deaeration opening each form direct passageways from the heat exchange chamber to the deaeration chamber. The heat exchange unit is configured to cool exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust gas transfer passage with coolant flowing within the heat exchange chamber and around the transfer passage. The heat exchange unit is configured to be mounted relative to an engine at an incline such that the deaeration opening is configured to evacuate gas from the heat exchange chamber to the deaeration chamber and the flow of coolant into the deaeration chamber through the coolant opening is configured to route the evacuated gas out of the deaeration chamber via the coolant outlet.

Abstract: An exhaust flap device for an internal combustion engine includes a flap housing and an actuator. The flap housing comprises an exhaust gas duct arranged in the flap housing. The exhaust gas duct is configured to have an exhaust gas flow there-through. An exhaust flap is arranged in the exhaust gas duct and is mounted in the flap housing. The exhaust flap is configured to rotate. A coolant duct is arranged in the flap housing so as to at least partially surround the exhaust flap. The actuator comprises an electric motor and an actuator housing which comprises an actuator coolant duct. The actuator is configured to drive the exhaust flap. The coolant duct arranged in the flap housing is configured to be in a direct fluid communication with the actuator coolant duct.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, an exhaust purification catalyst: (13), particulate filter (14), and hydrocarbon feed valve (15) are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A low pressure exhaust gas recirculation system (LPL) is provided for making the exhaust gas downstream of the particulate filter (14) recirculate. If hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15), the carbon dioxide which is produced in the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is recirculated and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas which flows into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) temporarily drops. At the time of regeneration of the particulate filter (14), hydrocarbons are injected from, the hydrocarbon feed valve (15) so as not to overlap with this temporary drop of the air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling and coordinating control of a post-catalyst exhaust throttle and an EGR valve to expedite catalyst heating. By closing both valves during an engine cold start, an elevated exhaust backpressure and increased heat rejection at an EGR cooler can be synergistically used to warm each of an engine and an exhaust catalyst. The valves may also be controlled to vary an amount of exhaust flowing through an exhaust venturi so as to meet engine vacuum needs while providing a desired amount of engine EGR.

Abstract: A mixer for pulsed exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) includes a fresh intake air conduit having an inlet opening configured to be placed into fluid communication with a fresh intake air source, an EGR pocket having an upstream opening in fluid communication with an upstream air source and a downstream opening in fluid communication with the fresh intake air conduit, and an EGR conduit configured to introduce pulsed EGR into the EGR pocket.

Abstract: A method for specifying a malfunction of an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, including: setting a first operating point of the engine and a first operating state of the fresh air/exhaust gas system as vehicle conditioning in a first measurement setting; measuring volumetric efficiencies of the engine for the first measurement setting and for at least one additional measurement setting, and comparing the measured volumetric efficiencies with an engine characteristics map stored in a memory unit for volumetric efficiency values of the engine, and ascertaining whether a malfunction is present during the exhaust gas recirculation process based on the comparison; and specifying the malfunction of the exhaust gas recirculation system while taking into account the measuring results for the first measurement setting and for the at least one additional measurement setting and the stored engine characteristics map for volumetric efficiency values.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for purging condensate from a charge air cooler. In response to condensate in a charge air cooler during a tip-in, airflow is increased at a controlled rate to the intake manifold, purging condensate from the charge air cooler.

Abstract: Embodiments for controlling condensate in a charge air cooler are provided. One example method for an engine includes cooling intake air through a charge air cooler and adjusting a vibration device of the charge air cooler based on charge air cooler condensation conditions.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling the conditions of a coolant for the cooler of an exhaust gas recirculation system are disclosed. The system determines coolant pressure at predetermined location of the cooler. The system also senses the actual temperature of the coolant at a predetermined location of the cooler. The system also determines a coolant boiling temperature at the determined coolant pressure. Using the determined coolant pressure, the system may control engine operation so as to prevent coolant from reaching boiling in the cooler. An engine derate power factor may be determined to control the amount of fuel delivered to the engine, such as reducing the amount of fuel delivered through the fuel injectors. The amount of delivered fuel may be derated until an adjusted coolant temperature falls a predetermined amount below the coolant boiling temperature.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for marine internal combustion engines and other variants is provided. An internal combustion engine is coupled to an electric power generator. An exhaust aftertreatment system connected to the engine includes an exhaust gas recirculation system with an exhaust gas recirculation system having one or more cooling features to reduce an external temperature of the EGR system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for accurately learning the zero point of an intake gas oxygen sensor during selected engine no-fueling conditions. The learned zero point is used to infer EGR flow and accordingly adjust EGR valve control. In addition, EGR valve leakage is diagnosed based on the zero point learned during a DFSO adaptation relative to a zero point learned during an idle adaptation.