Abstract: A progressive internal combustion engine that improves fuel efficiency, power output, and decreases emissions having a standard four stroke operation; the intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke when cylinders are engaged. The progressive internal combustion engine provides for disengaging cylinders. When disengaged, a bypass valve opens, allowing the disengaged cylinder to operate free of compression. The progressive internal combustion engine may be utilized for gasoline, diesel and natural gas type engines.

Abstract: A method is provided for close control and adjustment of in-cylinder oxygen concentration levels together with boost adjustments to minimize harmful emissions during transients in engines which utilize late direct cylinder injection of fuel. EGR flow rates are adjusted in a closed loop, linked fashion together with boost pressure changes during transients, to maintain intake charge-air oxygen concentration and boost levels within critical ranges for controlled temperature, low emission combustion. Changes in fuel feed into the cylinder are made to wait for or follow changes in the boost level of charge-air into the cylinder for combustion. Temporary fuel levels are not allowed to exceed desired fuel/oxygen ratios during transients, by controlling fuel feed responsive to the level of boost of charge-air being taken into the cylinder for combustion.

Abstract: In an engine intake A/F ratio control system in an outboard engine system, a secondary air passage (P) for supplying secondary air for regulating the A/F ratio of an air-fuel mixture is connected to a carburetor (33) in an intake system of an engine (E), and a duty control valve (68) is connected to the secondary air passage (P). A duty control unit (92) is connected to the duty control valve (68) for controlling the duty ratio of a pulse applied to a coil (76) of the duty control valve (68), and an LAF sensor (94) is mounted to an exhaust system for detecting an A/F ratio of an exhaust gas to input a detection signal proportional to the A/F ratio of the exhaust gas to the duty control unit (92).

Abstract: The nitrous oxide injection tube 18 is formed with delivery ports 24 that include interior bores 38 that communicate with the internal passage 26 of the injection tube and larger external bores 40 that extend through the exterior surface 27 of the injection tube. The external bores are each angled toward the position of the entrance of a fuel runner that communicates with a cylinder of a combustion engine so that the nitrous oxide and the fuel carried by it are more uniformly distributed to each cylinder.

Abstract: A vacuum generator is provided wherein the intake vacuum of a combustion engine is led to a negative pressure device such as a vacuum booster of a brake booster device through a check valve. An idling air passage is connected to a suction pipe of the combustion engine to bypass a throttle valve arranged in the suction pipe. An ejector is arranged in the idling air passage at the downstream of an idle speed control valve in serial relation to the same, and the intake for idling is performed through the ejector. As the intake air flow passing through the idling air passage increases, the intake negative pressure which is generated at a vacuum takeout port of the ejector is further increased in absolute value, whereby the negative pressure device has a negative pressure which is further increased in absolute value.

Abstract: A nitrous oxide and fuel injector assembly is mounted to an air supply conduit of an internal combustion engine. A support platform (24), (66) is placed inside the air supply conduit in abutment with the external wall of the air supply conduit, with connector conduits (26), (68) extending from the support platform through openings in the air supply conduit, so the connector conduits protrude outwardly from the air supply conduit. Fasteners, such as internally threaded nuts (34), are threaded onto the external threads of the connector conduits, holding the assembly in place on the air supply conduit. Fuel injectors (20), (64) are threaded into the internal threaded through bores (28) of the connector conduits.

Abstract: A fuel injection device includes a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel through a fuel injection orifice opening into a combustion chamber, an air injection valve for injecting air through an air injection orifice opening into the combustion chamber, sensors for detecting an operating condition of an engine, and an electronic control unit (ECU) for controlling the fuel injection valve and the air injection valve. Orientations of the air injection orifice and the fuel injection orifice are determined to make an air jet collide with a fuel spray. The ECU controls the fuel injection valve based on the operating condition detected by the sensors to control spray velocity, spray particle diameter, spray angle, etc. of the fuel to be injected through the fuel injection orifice, and at least one of an air injection timing and an air injection period of air injection to be performed by the air injection valve.

Abstract: A fuel injector adapter for providing nitrous oxide to an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The nozzle has a central fuel injector passage that terminates at a first outlet end. Fuel from a fuel injector may be passed through the central fuel injector passage. The nozzle also has an inner annular passage arranged circumferentially around the central fuel injector passage. The inner annular passage terminates at a second outlet end. The nozzle also has an outer annular passage arranged circumferentially around the inner annular passage that terminates at a third outlet end. One or both of the inner and outer annular passages is adapted to pass nitrous oxide through it. The nozzle is adapted to fit between a fuel injector and an engine without substantial modification to the engine.

Abstract: A gasoline engine is provided which is capable of introducing a large amount of EGR gas for performing homogeneous combustion and thus offering a good fuel economy. An external EGR mechanism or an internal EGR mechanism is used to introduce an EGR gas into a combustion chamber (a cylinder). A mixture of fresh air and fuel is thereafter directly injected from a mixture injection valve into the combustion chamber, thereby forming a region of said mixture in an area near an ignition plug. In addition, engine operating parameters are controlled in accordance with the amount of fresh air supplied into the combustion chamber (cylinder) after an intake valve has been closed. This makes possible homogeneous combustion using a large amount of EGR, which eventually increases fuel economy.

Abstract: An apparatus for inducting air for an engine is disclosed wherein noise that occurs when intake air flowing through a bypass passage is confluent with intake air drawn from a main passage while the idle speed control actuator is operated is reduced. The apparatus also includes a chamber for temporarily preserving the intake air such that the revolution speed and output power of the engine can be stabilized. In one embodiment a throttle body has a main passage formed therethrough. A throttle valve is mounted in the main passage and a bypass passage bypasses the throttle valve. A surge tank is connected with the throttle body to receive intake air from the throttle body, and the bypass passage extends to the surge tank. The surge tank is provided with a chamber connected to the bypass passage.

Abstract: Air induction noise of a throttle apparatus caused by interference between flowing air and an opening for a bypass passage is reduced because a protrusion formed on an interior surface of the throttle apparatus changes aerodynamic features of the throttle apparatus.

Abstract: A fuel injector adapter for providing nitrous oxide to an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The nozzle has a fuel injector passage, having a central axis and terminating at an injector outlet, for passing fuel from a fuel injector to an engine. The nozzle also has one or more first auxiliary passages, which may be arranged in an annular pattern around the fuel injector passage, and which terminate at first outlets. The nozzle furthermore may have one or more second auxiliary passages, which also may be arranged in an annular pattern around the fuel injector passage, and which terminate at second outlets. The first auxiliary passages and second auxiliary passages are adapted to supply nitrous oxide or other additional combustion reactants to the engine. The nozzle may be attached to an engine intake and may be adapted to fit between a fuel injector and an engine without substantial modification to the engine.

Abstract: A method for increasing the power output of an internal combustion engine is presented. The increase to the power output of the engine may be accomplished by injecting a pressurized oxygen enhancer, such as nitrous oxide, into the air intake of the internal combustion engine. A portion of the pressure derived from the injection is captured by a pressure port. The captured pressure is delivered to the fuel control device of the internal combustion engine such as the float bowl of a carburetor causing an increased quantity of fuel to enter the engine. A manifold for delivering nitrous oxide or another oxygen enhancer to the air intake of an internal combustion engine is also presented.

Abstract: This invention is an improvement of U.S. Pat. No. 6,463,917 that produces an increased and continuous volume of Ozone and Nitrous Oxide that is self controlling, provides increased power and a 33% increase in fuel mileage while preventing the formation of noxious nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: An air induction manifold has manifold air passages. A carrier has air passages to communicate air from the manifold air passages to an engine. The carrier has a first sealing interface for a manifold and a second sealing interface for an engine cylinder. The first sealing interface seals the communication of air between the manifold air passage and the carrier air passage. A valve is mounted to the carrier that controls the communication of air through the carrier air passage.

Abstract: On supplying fuel in an internal combustion engine, a control signal for changing a degree of vaporization of the fuel passing the air intake valve in accordance with the opening degree of the air intake valve or a load of the internal combustion engine so that the fuel of liquid state is restrained from existing in the combustion chamber is generated, and subsequently a vaporizing speed of the supplied fuel is changed in accordance with the control signal to adjust the degree of vaporization of the fuel.

Abstract: A fuel injector adapter for providing nitrous oxide to an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The nozzle has a fuel injector passage, having a central axis and terminating at an injector outlet, for passing fuel from a fuel injector to an engine. The nozzle also has one or more first auxiliary passages, which may be arranged in an annular pattern around the fuel injector passage, and which terminate at first outlets. The nozzle furthermore may have one or more second auxiliary passages, which also may be arranged in an annular pattern around the fuel injector passage, and which terminate at second outlets. The first auxiliary passages and second auxiliary passages are adapted to supply nitrous oxide or other additional combustion reactants to the engine. The nozzle may be attached to an engine intake and may be adapted to fit between a fuel injector and an engine without substantial modification to the engine.

Abstract: A separation membrane cartridge is configured to separate an intake air flow of an engine into a membrane flow and a bypass flow. The membrane cartridge includes a fibrous section including a plurality of fibers extending from a first end of the membrane cartridge to a second end of the membrane cartridge. The fibers are configured to separate at least a portion of the membrane flow into a permeate flow and a retentate flow. The membrane cartridge also includes a bypass passage extending from the first end to the second end to allow passage of the bypass flow through the membrane cartridge.

Abstract: A method for determining the proper fueling of an internal combustion engine when nitrous oxide is being injected into the air intake of the engine determines an equivalent air per cycle (APCequiv) by calculating the effect of both the air and the nitrous oxide on the oxygen content of the gas stream flowing into the cylinders of the engine. After calculating the equivalent air per cylinder magnitude, the fuel per cylinder (FPC) is calculated as a function of the stoichiometric air fuel ratio and an equivalence ratio that modifies the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for atomizing fuel being delivered for combustion. The method and apparatus includes providing a stream of pressurized gas, controlling a temperature of the stream of gas to a desired temperature, and injecting a quantity of fuel into the stream of gas, wherein the desired temperature is selected to atomize the fuel to a desired fuel droplet size.

Abstract: A separation membrane cartridge is configured to separate an intake air flow of an engine into a membrane flow and a bypass flow. The membrane cartridge includes a fibrous section including a plurality of fibers extending from a first end of the membrane cartridge to a second end of the membrane cartridge. The fibers are configured to separate at least a portion of the membrane flow into a permeate flow and a retentate flow. The membrane cartridge also includes a bypass passage extending from the first end to the second end to allow passage of the bypass flow through the membrane cartridge.

Abstract: A compact and efficient rotary pressure swing adsorption (PSA) apparatus with laminated sheet adsorbers is used to supply enriched oxygen and/or nitrogen streams to an internal combustion engine, allowing for reduced noxious emissions and enhanced engine performance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel injection device comprising an intake pipe having interior wall surfaces for providing air from an upstream side to a downstream side and a fuel injection port disposed in the intake pipe between the surfaces for providing fuel into the intake pipe and an air guide member disposed in the intake pipe in a plane substantially parallel to the surfaces for guiding air separately towards an air flow layer passage and a main air passage wherein the air guided towards the air flow layer passage has a speed at least greater than the air guided towards the main air passage.

Abstract: A fuel injector adapter for providing nitrous oxide to an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The nozzle has a fuel injector passage, having a central axis and terminating at an injector outlet, for passing fuel from a fuel injector to an engine. The nozzle also has one or more first auxiliary passages, which may be arranged in an annular pattern around the fuel injector passage, and which terminate at first outlets. The nozzle furthermore may have one or more second auxiliary passages, which also may be arranged in an annular pattern around the fuel injector passage, and which terminate at second outlets. The first auxiliary passages and second auxiliary passages are adapted to supply nitrous oxide or other additional combustion reactants to the engine. The nozzle may be attached to an engine intake and may be adapted to fit between a fuel injector and an engine without substantial modification to the engine.

Abstract: An air cleaner intake door is provided. An air cleaner with at least one sidewall and an opening defined in the sidewall has a door mounted over the opening. The door is rotationally movable between an open and a closed position and a cam extends from the door. A spring is in contact with the door for biasing the door towards a closed position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an integrally connected pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system to provide oxygen-enriched air or oxygen-deficient air, in situ, to the mixing chamber of a spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine.

Abstract: A hydrogen enhanced engine system using high compression ratio is optimized to minimize NOx emissions, exhaust aftertreatment catalyst requirements, hydrogen requirements, engine efficiency and cost. In one mode of operation the engine is operated very lean (equivalence ratio ø=0.4 to 0.7) at lower levels of power. Very lean operation reduces NOx to very low levels. A control system is used to increase equivalence ratio at increased torque or power requirements while avoiding the knock that would be produced by high compression ratio operation. The increased equivalence ratio reduces the amount of hydrogen required to extend the lean limit in order to avoid misfire and increases torque and power. The engine may be naturally aspirated, turbocharged, or supercharged.

Abstract: The present invention facilitates proper control of the scavenging air and fuel-air mixture for a stratified scavenging two-cycle engine that is based on a crankcase compression/scavenging method, using any carburetor. The present invention includes a drive member, which rotates based on an accelerator operation, installed on the air valve of the air passage, wherein the drive member is movable through angular reciprocal movements. A slave member, which constantly contacts a cam provided on the drive member is installed on the throttle valve of the carburetor, and wherein the slave member is movable through linear reciprocal movements. A fuel flow-rate controlling mechanism works in cooperation with these linear reciprocal movements.

Abstract: An extended rich mode engine configured and operated extremely rich of stoichiometric to produce a substantially continuous hydrogen rich engine exhaust. Oxygen enrichment devices further optimize production of hydrogen rich engine exhaust. Engines include a free piston gas generator with rich homogenous charge compression, a rich internal combustion engine cylinder system with an oxygen generator, and a rich inlet turbo-generator system with exhaust heat recovery. Oxygen enrichment devices to enhance production of hydrogen rich engine exhaust include pressure swing absorption with oxygen selective materials, and oxygen separators such as an SOFC oxygen separator and a ceramic membrane oxygen separator.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an integrally connected pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system to provide oxygen-enriched air or oxygen-deficient air, in situ, to the mixing chamber of a spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine.

Abstract: A tunable nitrous plate assembly for fuel injected 5.0 liter V8 engines contains a metal plate (1) that is sandwiched between the upper and lower manifold members of the engine air intake manifold. The plate contains multiple ports (17) mate with the ports in the lower manifold member and, thereby, lead to individual intake runners of the engine cylinders. Each port includes a nitrous oxide spray conduit (21) overlying a fuel spray conduit (23) with both conduits extending across the port transverse to the longitudinal plate axis. Fittings (22, 20) attached to the plate exterior couple an end of respective spray conduits for fluid communication with appropriate nitrous oxide and fuel supplies. Replaceable calibration jets (45, 46) installed in respective fittings (22, 20) in series with the supply lines are selected so that the horsepower generated by the engine cylinders is balanced.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to maintain stable air-fuel ratio on a venturi type fuel supply device, irrespective of the external load such as air-conditioner and electrical load, and to provide stable engine speed on idling state.

Abstract: An apparatus for inducting air for an engine is disclosed wherein noise that occurs when intake air flowing through a bypass passage is confluent with intake air drawn from a main passage while the idle speed control actuator is operated is reduced. The apparatus also includes a chamber for temporarily preserving the intake air such that the revolution speed and output power of the engine can be stabilized. In one embodiment a throttle body has a main passage formed therethrough. A throttle valve is mounted in the main passage and a bypass passage bypasses the throttle valve. A surge tank is connected with the throttle body to receive intake air from the throttle body, and the bypass passage extends to the surge tank. The surge tank is provided with a chamber connected to the bypass passage.

Abstract: An intake system (13) for an internal combustion engine (12) which includes a housing (15a) with a filter insert (16) and a membrane (22) for separating nitrogen and enriching the combustion air with oxygen. The membrane is integrated into the filter housing so as to save construction space and provide a lower cost system. The membrane (22) can alternatively be arranged on the clean air side of the air filter insert (16) to prevent the membrane from being soiled and to improve the functional reliability of the oxygen enrichment. Alternatively, instead of arranging the membrane (22) on the clean side of the filter insert (16), the membrane can be protected from being soiled by using a cover (23).

Abstract: An oil-saving accelerating control device of eliminating the black smoke mainly comprising a power-increasing means and a pressure increasing auxiliary device in cooperative the inlet branch of the gas-combustion engine, by means of the high-voltage output produced by the power increasing means, after the air within the metal inside is being purified, it produces more oxygen to increase the efficiency of the gas-combustion engine and thus it saves the fuel as well as increasing the power; besides, by cooperative with the pressure-increasing device, when the power-increasing means is acting, it collects more oxygen on the same time on acting the power-increasing means, whereas the operator could provide more oxygen to the effect of gas-combustion engine for usage through controlling a initiation switch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel injecting apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in which exhaust gas is applied to the injection of fuel. According to the fuel injecting apparatus, a portion of hot exhaust gas is introduced in front of the outlet of the fuel injector allowing hot exhaust gas to promote the fine particle formation and vaporization of fuel thereby enhancing efficiency of fuel. Again, a portion of exhaust gas can be circulated into the combustion chamber to restrict the production of nitrogen oxide. Also, exhaust gas re-introduced into the combustion chamber through the EGR line is cooled by heat of vaporization of fuel injected from the fuel injector thereby advantageously relieving the installation of an additional cooling system for cooling exhaust gas which is re-circulated into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A nitrous plate (1) includes four end-fed nitrous oxide spray conduits (2, 4, 6 & 8) positioned coplanar in the plate passage (21), supported at one end by respective walls (17, 18, 92 & 20) of the plate with closed distal conduit ends positioned near the center (22) of the plate passage. Two conduits (2, 6) are coaxially aligned with their closed ends in confronting relationship across the central axis of the plate passage. The remaining conduits (4, 8) are coaxially aligned with closed ends in confronting relationship across the central axis to the passage and are oriented perpendicular to the other conduits. Four fuel spray conduits are included in a separate plane and are organized in the foregoing way. The distal ends of the spray conduits are mechanically linked together by a junction block (10).

Abstract: A manifold for a fuel injected engine has several fuel injectors that are connected to a common air assist passageway for each bank of cylinders. This passageway is preferably supplied with assist air from a central location, between two of the fuel injector pockets that intersect the air assist passageway in each bank of cylinders. This air assist passageway may be formed integral with a manifold, or may be separately formed together with the injector pockets as an air assist rail. The air assist passageway preferably intersects the center line of the fuel injector pockets and is formed by inserting pins that define the interior surface of the passageway into a mold cavity to intersect and pass through bosses that define the fuel injector pockets.

Abstract: A method and system for the intake air separation within an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The disclosed embodiments of the intake air separation system include an intake air inlet adapted to receive the intake air used in the combustion process for the engine and an intake air separation device in flow communication with the intake air inlet and adapted for separating the intake air into a flow of the oxygen enriched air and a flow of nitrogen enriched air. The intake air separation system further includes a first outlet in fluid communication with the intake air separation device and adapted to receive the flow of the oxygen enriched air as well as a second outlet also in fluid communication with the intake air separation device and adapted to provide the flow of nitrogen enriched air to the intake manifold for use in the combustion process.

Abstract: An engine includes an engine body and an air induction system. The engine body includes a cylinder block defining a cylinder bore in which a piston reciprocates. A cylinder head member closes an end of the cylinder bore to define a combustion chamber together with the cylinder bore and the piston. The air induction system is arranged to introduce air into the combustion chamber. The induction system includes a first intake conduit through which the air flows to the combustion chamber. A first plenum chamber unit is disposed upstream of the first intake conduit. A control mechanism is arranged to control an amount of the air flowing through the first intake conduit. The induction system also includes a second intake conduit through which the air flows to the combustion chamber. A second plenum chamber unit is disposed upstream of the second intake conduit. The second intake conduit is coupled with the first intake conduit downstream of the control mechanism.

Abstract: An improved injection valve apparatus for variably controlling the injection of nitrous oxide and supplemental fuel into a combustion engine, and method for controlling and varying the amounts of nitrous oxide and supplemental fuel injected into a combustion engine based on existing engine conditions. In the method, engine parameters are programmed for the timing and volume of nitrous oxide injected into an engine. The engine performance and engines conditions are continuously monitored. The amount of nitrous oxide injected into the engine, and additional fuel supplied into the engine in response to changing engine condition are adjusted.

Abstract: An intake system (13) for an internal combustion engine (12) which includes a housing (15a) with a filter insert (16) and a membrane (22) for separating nitrogen and enriching the combustion air with oxygen. The membrane is integrated into the filter housing so as to save construction space and provide a lower cost system. The membrane (22) can alternatively be arranged on the clean air side of the air filter insert (16) to prevent the membrane from being soiled and to improve the functional reliability of the oxygen enrichment. Alternatively, instead of arranging the membrane (22) on the clean side of the filter insert (16), the membrane can be protected from being soiled by using a cover (23).

Abstract: A method and system for the intake air separation within an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The disclosed embodiments of the intake air separation system includes an intake air separation device adapted for separating the intake air into a flow of the oxygen enriched air and a flow of nitrogen enriched air; an intake air circuit adapted to deliver intake air to the air separation device, and a purge air circuit adapted to deliver a flow of sweep air or purge air to the intake air separation device to increase the effectiveness of the air separation. The intake air separation device includes a first outlet in fluid communication with the intake air separation device and adapted to receive a flow of the oxygen enriched air and purge air as well as a second outlet also in fluid communication with the intake air separation device and adapted to provide the flow of nitrogen enriched air to the intake manifold for use in the combustion process.

Abstract: Atomizing air flowing in an atomizing gas passage is merged with a fuel spray to promote atomization of the fuel, and carrier air flowing in a carrier gas passage is merged with the fuel spray at a further downstream position so as to surround the fuel spray. By doing so, the atomized fuel spray is carried to the downstream side so as to prevent the fuel spray from adhering onto the wall surface. The starting-up performance, fuel consumption and exhaust gas cleaning of an internal combustion engine are improved in this way.

Abstract: A starting mechanism is provided for an internal combustion engine, and includes a diaphragm carburetor. A butterfly valve is disposed in the intake channel of the carburetor and has a pivot range into which at least one fuel nozzle opens. A starter valve is disposed in the intake channel upstream of a Venturi section thereof. A by-pass conduit is provided for additional air supply when the starter valve is closed, and branches off upstream thereof and opens out into a fuel/air mixture path downstream thereof. The control element determines the rate of air flow in the by-pass conduit, and is adjusted by a temperature sensor that is disposed directly on the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An outboard motor is mounted with a multiple-cylinder engine having cylinders to which intake air is distributed through the intake manifold unit of an intake unit, respectively. The intake manifold unit comprises an intake manifold body formed of a synthetic resin, an idling air control (IAC) valve for regulating a quantity of intake air into the intake manifold unit in an idling operation state, a valve holder to which the IAC valve is operatively connected in a floating manner, and an elastic member through which the IAC valve is mounted to the valve holder. The IAC valve, the elastic member and the valve holder are coupled integrally with each other and mounted to the intake manifold body in the floating state.

Abstract: A system for electronically controlled generation of oxygen and hydrogen gas from an electrolyte. Ambient air is drawn into the system through the air filter and into the inlet hose. The flow of air is caused by the venturi effect of engine intake air passing over the base of the 90 degree induction fitting. The flow of air across the air flow sensor causes the controller to direct power to the chamber power lugs. At the same time, the controller monitors the level of electrolyte in the chamber case. Should the level of electrolyte drop below the upper edge of the process plates, the controller will then cause power to be directed to the reservoir pump to restore electrolyte fluid to a predefined level. In addition to monitoring electrolytic solution level, the controller monitors voltage and amperage across the two chamber power lugs, and the temperature of the electrolytic solution in the process chamber case. This information is stored in the controller and displayed when requested.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for chemically heating one or more components of, or intake air flowing to, an internal combustion engine by feeding hydrogen to a catalyst. In accordance with the invention, condensation of fuels on cold engine cylinder walls during and after cold start-ups is prevented, thereby reducing wear on the engine. The invention also provides a method and apparatus for reducing pollutants commonly occurring during cold start-up of combustion engines by heating components of, or intake air flowing to, a combustion engine, in order to quickly warm the engine and its catalytic converter to operating temperatures. Preferably, the hydrogen is supplied from an electrolyzer or other on-board source of hydrogen and the hydrogen and a source of oxygen are provided to the catalyst resulting in exothermic oxidation of hydrogen to heat the air intake or other components of the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel injecting apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in which exhaust gas is applied to the injection of fuel. According to the fuel injecting apparatus, a portion of hot exhaust gas is introduced in front of the outlet of the fuel injector allowing hot exhaust gas to promote the fine particle formation and vaporization of fuel thereby enhancing efficiency of fuel. Again, a portion of exhaust gas can be circulated into the combustion chamber to restrict the production of nitrogen oxide. Also, exhaust gas re-introduced into the combustion chamber through the EGR line is cooled by heat of vaporization of fuel injected from the fuel injector thereby advantageously relieving the installation of an additional cooling system for cooling exhaust gas which is re-circulated into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In an engine intake A/F ratio control system in an outboard engine system, a secondary air passage (P) for supplying secondary air for regulating the A/F ratio of an air-fuel mixture is connected to a carburetor (33) in an intake system of an engine (E), and a duty control valve (68) is connected to the secondary air passage (P). A duty control unit (92) is connected to the duty control valve (68) for controlling the duty ratio of a pulse applied to a coil (76) of the duty control valve (68), and an LAF sensor (94) is mounted to an exhaust system for detecting an A/F ratio of an exhaust gas to input a detection signal proportional to the A/F ratio of the exhaust gas to the duty control unit (92).