Abstract: A three cycle, two-stroke internal combustion engine from which work can be extracted in two directions. In the preferred embodiment, the inventive two-stroke engine is constructed as a cylinder having a reciprocating piston slidably seated therein, with the piston defining a compression and combustion chamber between the cylinder wall and each side of the piston. The two-stroke engine can provide work in bi-directional fashion from the two combustion chambers acting in phase. A piston rod is provided with reciprocating linear motion, and a mechanical converter is used to change the linear movement to rotational motion providing torque from which rotational power can be extracted for machinery. In an alternative embodiment, the cylinder is shaped with a bottom portion which is split into two sections, in which a bifurcated piston is seated in reciprocating fashion.

Abstract: An engine is provided including a housing with at least one air and fuel injection assembly for injecting air and fuel within the housing. Also included is a translation assembly with a piston adapted to reciprocate along a first axis upon the ignition of the fuel. A rotation assembly remains in communication with the translation and is adapted to rotate about a second axis which is parallel with the first axis.

Abstract: A high-efficiency explosion engine has a double-acting central piston mounted on a shaft within a cylinder to form two combustion chambers. Auxilliary pistons mounted on the ends of the shaft control the intake of gases to the combustion chambers. In one embodiment, the auxilliary pistons are mounted axially offset from the piston shaft. In a further embodiment, fuel is provided through the piston shaft into the combustion chambers dependant upon the position of the piston within the cylinder.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a double-acting, single-cylinder, explosion engine whose peculiarity is to be provided with auxiliary components which permit to optimize the inlet stroke because such auxiliary components are arranged in a way that the gases to be burnt are not inlet by the piston. Such gases are inlet by the auxiliary components.In general the present engine (1) comprises a cylinder (2) in which a piston (3) may run. The median axis of the piston (3) is interested by a through-shaft which is fixed and coaxial to the piston itself. The shaft is divided in two half-shafts (4, 5) having the same size and shape by the piston.The half-shafts (4, 5) comprise pistons (14, 15) which may run in inlet chambers (10, 11) and narrowings (12, 13) or holes, openings, leaks or the like through which the inlet gas passes to reach the respective explosion chambers through heads (8, 9). The cylinder (2) is provided with exhausts (21) at its median part.

Abstract: Design Improvements are disclosed which enhance the migrating combustion chamber engine's ability to achieve improved performance, obtain higher durability and cost less to manufacture. These include strip seals between the combustion chamber member and orbiting piston which are adapted to respond to the pressure of combustion to increase contact pressure and improve retention of the gases in the combustion chambers as well as improved porting located in at least one power block sidewall and cooperating with the migrating combustion chamber to convey hot combustion gasses from a combustion chamber to a corresponding secondary expansion chamber. The combustion chamber member may be formed of two reciprocable piston portions and a pair of separate alloy steel connecting bars coupling the piston portions together. The connecting bars made of a low thermal conductivity material to remain hot and aid in fuel evaporation. A one piece counterweight hub provides all required counterweights.

Abstract: A virtual crankshaft engine (i.e., an engine without a physical crankshaft) utilizes hypocycloidal principles to convert linear piston motion into rotary drive motion. This virtual crankshaft engine reduces engine weight, volume, vibration, friction, and component complexity of the traditional drive train which translates into reduced manufacturing costs and improved performance and reliability.

Abstract: A shaft engine including a piston moved in a cylinder to reciprocate at least one cylinder shaft causing it to turn a crank shaft, the at least one cylinder shaft having a respective longitudinal air passage linked to either raised air chamber on the cylinder through a respective extension tube on either raised air chamber for sending exhaust gas out of the cylinder.

Abstract: Non-symmetrical port timing techniques in combination with the 90 degree phase difference between the pumping and combustion chamber of the two stroke migrating combustion chamber engine variant are disclosed as a special cycle of operation which allows a high degree of self supercharging and attendant performance advantages. Other embodiments include; protected fuel injection provisions, externally located induction rotor valves/counterweights to achieve better volumetric efficiency and complete dynamic balance and a technique to improve engine mechanism durability.

Abstract: A single piston internal combustion engine is described that produces two power impulses per revolution of the crankshaft, precise mechanical balance, zero side thrust upon the piston, and purified exhaust gas. The lubrication oil is isolated from contamination by blowby and fuel dilution. Total engine cooling is obtained from the lubrication oil. The engine is free from shock loads as it is cushioned by continuously compressing gas in preparation for the next combustion event. The engine is uniflow-scavenged utilizing piston pumps whose fresh air intake is controlled by rotary valves. The piston pumps possess compact aftercoolers used in combination with supercharging. The exhaust header assists in silencing the engine and removes fluctuations in exhaust pressure. A computer-aided specialized mechanical balance methodology is disclosed that obtains counterbalance weights to optimally reduce engine shaking forces.

Abstract: A rotary piston engine is shown which includes a housing (22) having a cylindrical working chamber with inlet (88) and exhaust (86) ports. First and second piston assemblies (30 and 32) each of which includes at least one pair of diametrically wedge-shaped pistons (30A and 30B, and 32A and 32B) are located in the working chamber. The piston assemblies rotate in the same direction at recurrently variable speeds so that one pair of diametrically opposite sub-chambers decreases in volume while the other pair increases in volume. In FIG. 1, four eccentric elliptical gear sets (60, 62, 64 and 66) interconnect coaxial piston shafts (38 and 36B). Compound eccentric elliptical gear sets (106 and 108) for interconnection of the piston shafts are shown in FIG. 7. Gear trains of large effective eccentricity are employed such that during the power phase of engine operation the trailing piston rotates only a small amount for efficient engine operation.

Abstract: A double piston engine has a medial shaft between two pistons which reciprocate in opposed cylinders. From the pistons extend outer piston shafts which serve as control shafts. The outer ends of the cylinders are provided with inlet ports and control recesses while the control shafts have also control recesses and the meeting of the control recesses defines the inlet of the fluid into the cylinders. More details serve to combine a plurality of double piston engines to work in unison in timed relation, to increase the power per a given weight or to use the engine as a hydrofluid conveying combustion engine as well as the prevention of dead spaces by specific valves or configurations and locations. A piston may form a first piston portion and a plurality of secondary piston portions with the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the secondary piston portions equal to the cross-sectional area of the first piston portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reciprocating engine which has an improved reciprocating double ended piston which substantially reduces the size and weight of piston components. The double ended piston comprises a center portion between the two end portions. The center portion having at least one pair of racks located along the longitudinal axis either on the outside surface of a pair of flat surfaces or on opposed inside surfaces along a slot cut into the center portion. At least one crankless drive shaft having a gear or pair of gears mateable with the racks so that the crankless drive shaft (s) are continuously rotated.

Abstract: A double piston engine has a doubly acting piston reciprocably provided in a cylinder arrangement to form two working chambers which periodically increase and decrease their volumes. The invention provides inlet means with supply means for a cleaning flow through the working chambers and inlet means and supply means for a loading flow in excess of atmospheric pressure to the respective chambers. Means are further provided to secure that the loading flow enters the respective working chamber after the closing of the inlet for the cleaning flow. By this arrangement of the invention it becomes possible to operate two cycle engines with turbo-chargers or other loaders. A very powerful engine at compact space and low weight is obtained, while the poisenous gases of two stroke engines are prevented to a high degree.

Abstract: A swinging-piston ICE comprising a swinging piston (3), connecting rod (2), intake port (16) and exhaust ports (17). Combustion chambers (A,C) are formed on opposite sides of the piston (3) where oil nozzles (13) are provided. The piston is sealed at its end surfaces (3c) and along the cylindrical surface (3d) wherein transfer ports (N) are provided. A slide shoe (15) opposite the transfer ports is provided for blocking the exhaust ports.

Abstract: Present reciprocating engines have limitations on their thermal efficiency and horsepower to weight performance imposed by the crankshaft. Elimination of the crankshaft, use of a full time turbocharger and ceramic lining of cylinder walls, cylinder and piston heads and exhaust conduits permit the construction of an engine which has a thermal efficiency and horsepower to weight performance exceeding that of present engines. Use of ceramic linings is not essential to the operation of the engine. Thermal efficiency without ceramic linings is still better than that of crankshaft engines. Power produced by said crankless engine is oscillatory however this is readily rectified into rotary power.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine having at least two cylinders which are aligned, each cylinder having a piston. The pistons are rigidly attached to each other by means of a piston rod which is provided with a carrier and exhaust valves, the valves being slidably arranged on the piston rod, and exhaust ducts which are provided for each cylinder at the ends facing each other. The facing ends also having valve seats. Intake ports having pressure controlled check valves are provided in each cylinder at the distal ends, and each combustion chamber is on the side of the piston which faces the other piston. The exhaust ducts are arranged in a guide for the common piston rod.

Abstract: To reduce space requirements, vibrations and certain stresses in an engine, a different one of two pistons is mounted on each end of a single piston rod to which the crankshaft is attached by a cylindrical shaped connector that orbits around the crankpin while rotating inside the piston rod. The crank interfaces directly with the piston rod through gear portions or a cam-cam follower through the center of each stroke. To reduce vibrations and certain stresses in an engine, a different one of two pistons is mounted on each end of a single piston rod to which the crankshaft is attached by two arms extending orthogonally from its central portion, each arm being mounted to a different one of two different connecting rods.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which a rotor or turbine is driven by the exhaust gases of interconnected double acting pistons. The three parallel pistons are interconnected by pinion gears engaging racks on the sides of the pistons. Improved mechanisms are disclosed for coordination of the movement of the pistons, the manner in which the intake and exhaust valves are operated, the manner in which the engine is started, and the manner in which the firing of spark plugs is timed. A control wheel is provided for starting and valve operation. A cam connected to the pinion gears operates sets of points to fire the spark plugs.

Abstract: To reduce space requirements, vibrations and certain stresses in an engine, a different one of two pistons is mounted on each end of a single piston rod to which the crankshaft is attached by a cylindrical shaped connector that rotates inside the piston rod or by two arms extending orthogonally from its central portion, each arm being mounted to a different one of two different connecting rods. To balance inertia forces, two oppositely rotating crankshafts are counterweighted to balance the inertia forces of the assembly in its axis of oscillation and to balance each other outside that axis of motion, or two piston assemblies oscillate opposingly in the same axis eliminating the need for the crankshafts to balance their inertia forces.

Abstract: A novel internal combustion cycle and internal combustion engine operating thereon. Expansion of the hot combustion gases is controllably achieved in a primary combustion/expansion chamber and a secondary expansion chamber in a manner to reduce engine exhaust pressures to essentially atmospheric or below. The chambers are defined by two members movable with respect to each other within an engine block volume. Porting and fluid flow control is accomplished through the motion of the moving members. Embodiments include the use of a suction chamber which achieves subatmospheric exhaust pressures and which, in conjunction with a pressure-pumping chamber, achieves a "push-pull" effect on the fluid in the engine. Unique porting of the fuel/air mixture is provided and it includes, if desired, means to vary the fuel/air ratio during the cycle. The engine of this invention exhibits performance characteristics associated with the usual four-stroke cycle engines.

Abstract: A two stroke oscillating piston engine comprising cylinder sections provided with feed chambers for additional fresh air. The two outer rings, acting as pistons, draw in fresh air through intake ports and force that air to enter combustion chambers through communication ducts and ports. The middle ring is intended for the fresh gas supply of the combustion chambers. The radial grooves for fresh air are provided at a shorter distance from the ports than the radial grooves for fresh gas. Burnt and expanded gas is first exhausted from the combustion chambers by fresh gas; then the combustion chambers are filled with fresh gas and fresh air. Thus, exhausting unburnt gas together with burnt gas is avoided and improved combustion is provided in the combustion chambers.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston machine comprising a main piston secured to a piston rod, a cylinder in which the main piston can slide, the main piston and cylinder defining a combustion chamber, a scavenging plate disposed in the combustion chamber and axially movable therein to expel combustion gases from the chamber, at least one subsidiary piston fixed on the piston rod below the main piston and slidable in a cylinder defining pumping chambers by means of which gas can be forced into the combustion chamber above the main piston at superatmospheric pressure, the arrangement being such that movement of the scavenging plate away from the cylinder head is by means of the compressed gas which then forms the fresh charge for introduction into the combustion chamber, the scavenging plate being provided with a one-way valve through which the fresh charge passes to enter the combustion chamber proper.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one working cylinder which has a combustion chamber, a working piston which is connected to a crankshaft, and an inlet nozzle for the supply of fuel. Associated with the working cylinder is an auxiliary cylinder having an auxiliary chamber and an auxiliary piston which moves back and forth and is forcibly controlled in the working cycle of the working piston. The auxiliary piston compresses preferably precompressed combustion air to the compression pressure necessary for spontaneous ignition. The auxiliary chamber is constantly in open communication with the combustion chamber by means of an intermediate space during the entire working cycle of the engine. The inlet nozzle for the supply of fuel opens into the intermediate space, and the inlet nozzle is controlled in the working cycle of the auxiliary piston.

Abstract: A novel internal combustion cycle and internal combustion engine operating thereon. Expansion of the hot combustion gases is controllably achieved in a primary combustion/expansion chamber and a secondary expansion chamber in a manner to reduce engine exhaust pressures to essentially atmospheric or below. The chambers are defined by two members movable with respect to each other within an engine block volume. Porting and fluid flow control is accomplished through the motion of the moving members. Embodiments include the use of a suction chamber which achieves subatmospheric exhaust pressures and which, in conjunction with a pressure-pumping chamber, achieves a "push-pull" effect on the fluid in the engine. Unique porting of the fuel/air mixture is provided and it includes, if desired, means to vary the fuel/air ratio during the cycle. The engine of this invention exhibits performance characteristics associated with the usual four-stroke cycle engines.

Abstract: Reciprocating drive means powered by a fluid such as compressed air comprising an elongate inner member with a plurality of passageways therein, an outer member slidable on the inner member and a shuttle member slidable with respect to the inner member and within the outer member, the passageways in the inner member being variously and intermittently so connected in use to each other by way of ports in the inner member and compartments provided within the outer member and the shuttle that, upon connection of a determined one of said passageways to a fluid pressure source the outer member moves with reciprocating action with respect to the inner member.

Abstract: An oscillating piston engine capable of running on a working fluid such as steam or compressed air comprises a bank of cylinders mounted for rotation in unison to turn a shaft in an engine block, pistons mounted for oscillation in the cylinders and rotatable in unison relative to the cylinders to turn another shaft in the engine block, control means operable in response to rotation of the cylinders for supplying and exhausting working fluid to and from opposite ends of the cylinders in alternating timed relation to cause the pistons to oscillate in the cylinders and pistons, and gearing means connecting the piston shaft and the cylinder shaft to an output shaft for converting the oscillating motion of the pistons and cylinders into unidirectional rotation of the output shaft.

Abstract: Reciprocating piston machine having a pair of spaced, parallel, double-ended cylinders straddling a crankshaft with a single crankpin. First and second double-ended pistons reciprocate within respective cylinders and are connected to crankshaft by T-shaped connecting member journalled on crosshead. Crosshead reciprocates on the crosshead guides positioned between and parallel to the cylinders. Connecting member has outer ends of piston connecting arms slidably and rotatably connected to pistons to accommodate changes in angle of connecting member, with outer end of crank connecting arm journalled on crankpin. Clearance openings extend between inner side walls of cylinder and crankcase to accept piston connecting arms, outer ends of openings serving as inlet ports. Exhaust ports are provided on generally opposite side of cylinder to inlet ports to permit efficient scavenging of spent charge.

Abstract: An oscillating piston internal combustion engine comprises a bank of combustion chambers mounted on the front of an engine block for rotation in an annular path to rotate an output shaft protruding from the rear of the block. Gearing inside the block converts oscillating motion of the pistons and cylinders into unidirectional rotation of the output shaft.

Abstract: A double acting working piston drives a connecting rod and crankshaft. A smaller valve piston is fastened to each end of the working piston. Each valve piston withdraws briefly from its bore so as to introduce scavenge air into a respective annular working chamber. The valve pistons have a centering means and are provided with novel radially restrained piston rings so as to smoothly re-enter their bores without impacting. Other novel features are: inlet nozzle and vanes, rear slide tubes for conducting coolant (such as water) to the pistons, an oil seal which permits the wrist pin to be full floating, and long tie bolts passing through water passages formed in the exhaust port bridges.