Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with intake and exhaust gas valving by a single rotary valve mounted within a jacketed housing atop the cylinder. The piston has a shaft extending up through the housing, the shaft defining multiple spirals wound in opposite directions for engagement by a pair of slipring drivers. Such drivers alternately engage sliprings carried by the valve for incrementally rotating the valve in a single direction of rotation as the piston reciprocates. The valve has at least one recess for providing communication between intake and exhaust gas passages as it rotates. The central recess is C-shaped, so that the piston has a first portion including the recess, and a second portion having a flat piston face, the second portion being V-shaped.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disposing of toxic waste materials by combustion in a modified piston type internal combustion engine is disclosed. The engine contains a combustion chamber which is divided into a variable volume primary chamber and a fixed volume secondary chamber, in which the combustion reaction occurs. The secondary chamber contains a source of carbon which enhances the combustion of the toxic waste materials.

Abstract: A spark-ignition overhead valve type internal combustion engine has its cylinder or cylinders closed at the top by semispherical cylinder heads with the piston terminating in a crown of semispherical configuration sized slightly smaller than that of the cylinder head. Shallow recesses within the piston crown to opposite sides of spark plug apertures form dual combustion chamber with a recess within the piston crown aligned with and facing the cylinder head aperture, forms an initial ignition area, with shallow narrow grooves leading from the initial ignition area, within the piston crown, to the shallow combustion chamber defining recesses. The burning process of a fuel-air charge is slowed from the initial ignition area through the shallow grooves and then through the shallow combustion chambers to retard the explosion process.

Abstract: The combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine is formed by a main combustion chamber defined by a recess formed in a part of the lower face of a cylinder head and a squish zone which is a narrow space formed between the top surface of the piston in the top dead center and the substantially flat portion of the lower surface of the cylinder head around the recess. A spark plug is disposed in a position near the squish zone. A fuel injection valve is provided to inject fuel into an intake passage communicated with the combustion chamber by way of an intake valve. The fuel injection valve is controlled, at least when the engine load is low, to inject fuel by an amount required for one power stroke and to terminate fuel injection before the middle of the intake valve opening time at latest so that stratification of air and fuel can be obtained in which rich mixture is accumulated in the lower portion of the combustion chamber and lean mixture in the upper portion of the same.

Abstract: Squish control is provided in an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine by providing in a preferred embodiment arcuate dams on the inner faces of rotatable intake and exhaust valves or the like which coact with arcuate grooves or recesses of the piston squish land to direct squish flow from adjacent the valve inner faces into outward inward or circumferential directions and thus increase decrease or provide a swirl component to squish flow into a central combustion chamber recess.

Abstract: A deflector piston two stroke internal combustion engine has a piston (10) reciprocable in a cylinder and sealed thereto by means of piston rings (P2), the cylinder having communicating with it a scavenge part SC2) and an exhaust part (E2). The piston crown has an upper first planar surface lying at right angles to the piston cylinder axis and a lower parallel planar surface, these two surfaces being connected by a deflector edge (D). The upper planar surface co-operates, at or near top-dead-center with a complementary planar surface on the interior (underside as shown) of the cylinder head with which it has a minimum clearance C2. The approach of these surfaces as top-dead-center is approached generates a "squish" that is a jet of fuel/air mixture in the direction of arrow (S2) towards the spark plug which improves combustion.

Abstract: A combustion device for an internal combustion engine which includes a cylinder, a head closing one end of the cylinder, and a piston reciprocable in the cylinder. The head and piston have stepped portions adapted to interfit as the piston approaches the head so as to define a compression chamber and a combustion chamber of greater volume than the compression chamber, for receiving a fuel charge, and a restricted passage between the combustion chamber and the compression chamber. The head and piston are shaped and the device is otherwise provided with structure so that as the piston approaches dead center, a portion of the charge compressed in the compression chamber combusts spreading combustion gases and flame through the restricted passage so as to immediately thereafter cause swirling of, and ignite the portion of the charge in, the gases in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A squish jet arrangement for an internal combustion engine is positioned on a piston member or cylinder head member thereof. A substantially cylindrical bowl opens onto the face of the member. At least one pair, and preferably a plurality of pairs, of squish jet passages are arranged to direct flows of gasses tangentially into the bowl. As first ones of the pairs of squish jet passages lie in a lower transverse plane than second ones of the pairs, a counter-rotating, bi-level swirl can be produced by the squish jet outlets. A squish jet arrangement is also provided with outlets of squish jet passages spaced above a lower surface of a bowl, and directed to eject coplanar flows of gasses therefrom, which intercept one another.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine with one or more compression gap zones between piston and cylinder head at each side of a reduced size combustion chamber, and deflection means in the combustion chamber through which unidirectional rotary flow is induced in the fuel charge.

Abstract: An improved combustion chamber configuration for a two-cycle engine that improves combustion and running at both idle and high speed. The combustion chamber comprises a first portion that communicates with a spark plug and has a relatively small volume. The first portion communicates with a second larger volume portion that has a decreasing cross-sectional area as approaching the exhaust port so as to insure complete flame propagation even at high engine speeds.

Abstract: Disclosed are a turbulence generating method for an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine for carrying out that method. Main and auxiliary recesses communicating with each other are formed by at least two projections in the combustion chamber of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, which is defined by a piston, a cylinder head and a cylinder block. A swirling mechanism for swirling the intake air is disposed in an intake mechanism for supplying the intake air into the combustion chamber. A swirl of intake air is generated in the main recess by the swirling mechanism and is accelerated and introduced into the main recess as the piston rises. A turbulent layer is formed while the swirl is converted occasionally into turbulences by the projections. Secondary swirls other than the main swirl are generated in the auxiliary recesses. Turbulences are further generated between the swirl and the secondary swirls thereby to improve combustion efficiency.

Abstract: An improved intake system in an internal combustion engine of a high compression ratio capable of producing a swirl of air-fuel mixture so as to increase the combustion speed thereof for improved combustion efficiency and hence fuel economy during light-load operation of the engine, and at the same time of effectively suppressing the generation of a swirl so as to reduce the level of combustion noises to a substantial extent during heavy-load operation of the engine at full-open throttle. The engine has a combustion chamber defined in a recess in the cylinder head above the top of a piston, slidably received in a cylinder bore in the cylinder block, at its top dead-center, with a squish area of a limited clearance formed adjacent the combustion chamber in the cylinder bore between the cylinder head and the piston.

Abstract: An improved dome-shaped piston head is disclosed characterized by a plurality of channels, depressions, and recesses which enhance the flow of an air-fuel mixture around the piston head in a combustion chamber and the flow of exhaust gases from the chamber. Specifically, the dome-shaped head portion includes a pair of depressions in its intake and exhaust side portions for increasing swirl of the air-fuel mixture. The intake side portion of the piston head also includes first and second channels which cooperate with the intake depression to direct the incoming air-fuel mixture around the piston dome and upwardly into the combustion chamber with swirling turbulence. The exhaust side portion of the piston head includes a pair of tapered recesses on opposite sides of the exhaust depression for directing exhaust gases toward the exhaust opening.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of the spark ignition type developing a maximum output power at about 8000 rpm includes at least two ignition plugs for each cylinder and projections formed on the inner wall surface of a cylinder head for producing a squishy current. The engine also includes an ignition device including a delay circuit for delaying the ignition time in the high-speed rotation range, to thereby provide improvements in the output power and fuel consumption rate over the entire rotation range.

Abstract: A reciprocating lens-like combustion space is formed in a piston internal combustion engine which is located with approximately one-half in a recess of the piston top and with approximately the other half in the cylinder head. By the dimensioning of the combustion space and the coordination thereof to the inlet and exhaust valve, a vortex flow is produced with a ring-shaped mixing zone of high fuel concentration, in which the ignition electrodes of two spark plugs are arranged diametrally opposite one another.

Abstract: A torch ignition type internal combustion engine has an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch passage to a compact main combustion chamber. A cavity in the cylinder head forming a part of the main combustion chamber is provided with two intake valves on one side of the cavity and one exhaust valve on the other side. A large squish area is formed between the upper surface of the piston and the lower surface of the cylinder head and one or more suction conduits connect this squish area to the torch passage between its ends. Two torch passages may be provided; one may extend into the cavity near the exhaust valve and the other into the cavity near the remote intake valve. A plug chamber receives the spark plug electrodes and this chamber is in communication with both the auxiliary combustion chamber and the torch passage. In one form of the invention one torch passage extends from the lower end of the auxiliary combustion chamber and the other torch passage extends from the plug chamber.

Abstract: An internal combustion piston engine comprises a cylinder with a cylinder bore therein; a cylinder head mounted on said cylinder; a piston reciprocably movable in said cylinder bore, and a main combustion chamber formed between the cylinder head and the piston. At least one secondary combustion chamber is arranged to be connected at least temporarily to the main combustion chamber via at least one connecting channel whereby different compressions and hence different pressure rises occur during the compression stroke or the expansion stroke of the piston in the main combustion chamber or in the secondary combustion chamber. Control means are arranged in the zone of the connecting channel to enable the flow of the gases, which are under a higher pressure, from the main combustion chamber into the secondary combustion chamber or vice versa, to generate velocity fields which improve the turbulence, in particular in the quench zones of the main combustion chamber, and hence improve the combustion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a cylinder head formed with a wedge shaped cylinder head recess which has on its one side closer to a spark plug a steeply inclined roof surface of about 38.degree. to 40.degree. inclination and on its other side a gently inclined roof surface of about 5.degree. to 20.degree. inclination formed with an intake valve opening, and a piston formed with a piston recess which generally mates with the cylinder head recess and which has on its one side closer to the spark plug an inclined side surface of about 45.degree. inclination. The planar surface portion of the piston crown and the planar surface portion of the cylinder head on opposite sides of the recessed portions mutually define a relatively large squish area on the side of the gently inclined roof surface and a relatively small squish area on the side of the steeply inclined roof surface. A helical port is connected to the intake valve opening so as to generate a swirl flow of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine a piston and a cylinder head defining a cylinder with a blind end thereatop are formed in a conical configuration. The piston compresses charges of an air/fuel mixture in the blind end of the cylinder, whereupon ignition of the fuel is initiated. Combustion of the fuel proceeds first from the region of ignition in the blind end of the cylinder and then along the interstitial space between the diverging conical walls of the cylinder head and piston. The expanding products of combustion squeeze the piston from the top and the sides, thereby transferring power smoothly and directly to the piston. The progress of combustion spreads equally both downwardly and radially outwardly from the axis of the piston, thereby providing an efficient transfer of power with a high fuel economy.

Abstract: An externally auto-ignited four-stroke internal combustion engine which includes a combustion chamber disposed in an upper surface of a piston such that, in an upper dead-center position of the piston, the combustion chamber receives almost all of the fuel-air mixture. The combustion chamber includes a planar bottom portion and has a cross-sectional shape of a truncated cone expanding in a direction of the cylinder head. The internal combustion engine also includes a recess or depression provided in the cylinder head and disposed eccentrically with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the cylinder. The depression or recess in the cylinder head has the shape of a truncated cone expanding in a direction of the piston, with a spark plug projecting or penetrating into the recess or depression in the cylinder head.

Abstract: A high efficiency high ratio dual swirl combustion chamber of a spark ignition internal combustion engine includes in preferred embodiment opposing closely conforming squish surfaces with an eight (8) shaped subchamber recess formed of adjoining subcylinders with concave sides joining to provide opposed diametrically located projections that generate dual swirling turbulent mixture flow for ignition and combustion in the subchamber.

Abstract: A two-cycle, gas-powered engine which is capable of operating over a wide range of loads including those (e.g. idle speed) which have previously caused misfirings in known engines of this type. A specially constructed head and piston assembly and a governor-controlled fuel system are incorporated into an otherwise typical two-cycle engine to convert the engine into a stratified charge engine. The head and piston assembly is constructed to provide an ovate-domed, flat-bottomed combustion chamber therebetween when the piston is in a top dead center position in the cylinder. This combustion chamber allows fuel injected in the top of the combustion chamber to mix with air being compressed by the piston to provide a rich stratified charge around the ignition means (e.g. spark plugs) which are also positioned near the top of the chamber. This charge is always rich enough to support rapid ignition and to quickly spread burning to the weaker, exhaust-contaminated mixture present in the lower combustion chamber.

Abstract: A spark-ignition internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber, comprises intake and exhaust valves disposed on a cylinder head wall surface and positioned generally symmetrical with each other with respect to the center axis of the bore of an engine cylinder, at least first and second squish areas which are located respectively in first and second sections of the combustion chamber which sections are defined by dividing the combustion chamber into two by a first vertical plane containing the centers of the intake and exhaust valves, and a spark plug whose tip section is disposed on the cylinder head wall surface and positioned in said first section of the combustion chamber thereby enabling use of high compression ratio without causing engine knock.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a piston having a flat top face. A single squish area is formed on one side of the peripheral inner wall of the cylinder head. The combustion chamber has an approximately semi-spherical shape. The spark plug is arranged at the center of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A piston-type internal combustion engine is proposed which has externally-supplied ignition and in which fuel is injected, from the direction of the intake tube, past the opened inlet valve directed into a partial combustion chamber of disc-like embodiment, the bottom or top of which is defined, respectively, by the surface area of the piston substantially by the valve plate of the inlet valve. As the result of the injection of the fuel in the last portion of the intake stroke and the spin formation in the compressed charge with the aid of guided squeeze flows, a layering of the charge is attained, which improves the ignitability and the speed of complete combustion of the operational mixture introduced into the combustion chamber, with low intake and transfer losses.

Abstract: A combustion chamber is formed between a cylinder head, which has a central recess and planar surfaces on each side of it, and a juxtaposed piston, which has a central recess and planar surfaces on each side of it. Inlet and outlet ports are formed in the head with the axes of the ports on one side of a phantom plane that includes the axis of the cylinder. The juxtaposed planar regions of the cylinder head and piston define a first squish area between those planar portions on the same side of the phantom plane as the axes of the ports, and a second squish area, which is smaller than the first, between those planar surfaces of the head and piston on the other side of the phantom plane. A spark plug is mounted in the head so that its igniting tip is on the other side of the phantom plane from the axes of the ports but is close to the axis of the cylinder bore and to the planar region in which the squish areas are formed.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head with a plane lower surface and a cavity, a piston with a plane upper surface and a cavity, the plane surfaces of the piston and the cylinder head cooperating to form a squish area on one side of the cylinder bore, and a spark plug protruding into the combustion chamber defined by the cavities so that its igniting tip lies substantially in the squish plane on the other side of the cylinder bore.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in a four cycle valve-in-head internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber of which has at least one inlet and one outlet valve each of these valves having plate surfaces which are located at least substantially within the geometric cylindrical surface defined by the piston of the engine. On the one hand, the plate of the outlet valve is positioned in a zone spaced only slightly from the piston when it is the top-dead center position and thereby forms a compression surface area for portions of the charge to be compressed. On the other hand, the plate of the inlet valve is disposed in a portion of the cylinder head which defines the primary clearance volume of the combustion chamber together with the opposed piston top.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber which are interconnected to each other via a connecting passage. The spark plug is arranged in the connecting passage. The engine further comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shaped squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a combustion chamber located between a spherical-cup bottom wall of the engine head and a crown top wall of the piston. The crown wall includes of five wall portions, of which first and second side portions are convex, third and fourth side portions are flat, and a fifth central portion is concave.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an auxiliary combustion chamber connected to only the main combustion chamber via a connecting passage. The engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. A recessed portion is formed on the top wall of the main combustion chamber at a position near the first raised portion. The open end of the connecting passage is arranged in the recessed portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust valves and a companion piston therefor in a cylinder block is proposed, the piston being provided with several depressions of varying depth and area and interconnected by a guide groove to control flow of the gaseous mixture from one depression to another. A first of the depressions in the piston is located at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the piston and one of the valves has a flat face which is substantially received in the depression. The other depression in the piston also has an axis that is spaced from the longitudinal axis of the piston with the guide groove which communicates with the first depression having a mouth that extends substantially tangentially into said second depression so that the vortex gaseous flow rotates approximately parallel to said piston top about the central longitudinal axis of the second depression toward the end of the compression stroke.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shaped squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. The second raised portion has a front face which comprises a gently inclined front face portion and a steeply inclined front face portion. The gently inclined front face portion is arranged beneath the exhaust valve, and the steeply inclined front face portion is arranged beneath the intake valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shaped squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. A pair of spark plugs is arranged on the top face of the combustion chamber. One of the spark plugs is arranged in the vicinity of said first raised portion, and the other spark plug is arranged in the vicinity of said third raised portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust valves and a companion piston therefor in a cylinder block is proposed, the piston being provided with several depressions of varying depth and area and interconnected by a guide groove to control flow of the gaseous mixture from one depression to another. A first of the depressions in the piston is located at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the piston and one of the valves has a flat face which is substantially received in the depression. The other depression in the piston also has an axis that is spaced from the longitudinal axis of the piston with the guide groove which communicates with the first depression having a mouth that extends substantially tangentially into said second depression so that the vortex gaseous flow rotates approximately parallel to said piston top about the central longitudinal axis of the second depression toward the end of the compression stroke.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber which are interconnected to each other via a connecting passage. The spark plug is arranged in the connecting passage. The engine further comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shaped squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. The axis of the connecting passage is located in the extension of the second squish area.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. A recess is formed on the top face of the combustion chamber and arranged on an extension of the second squish area. The spark plug is arranged in the recess.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. The third raised portion has a steeply inclined side wall extending upwards from the ridge of the second raised portion. A depression having a vertically extending peripheral wall is formed in the central portion of the top face of the piston. The peripheral wall is aligned with the vertically extending side wall of the first raised portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a first raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head, a second raised portion formed on the top face of the piston at a position opposite to the first raised portion with respect to the axis of the piston, and a third raised portion formed on the inner wall of the cylinder head above the second raised portion. A first flat squish area is formed between the flat peripheral top face of the piston and the flat bottom face of the first raised portion. A second spherical shell shape squish area is formed between the spherical bottom wall of the third raised portion and the spherical rear face of the second raised portion. The surface areas of the first squish area and the second squish area which are located near said exhaust valve are larger than those of the first squish area and the second squish area which are located near the intake valve.

Abstract: A side-valve type internal-combustion engine has a cylinder head formed with a recess or recesses each of which forms a combustion chamber with the associated cylinder and which is large enough to permit the alternate flow of suction or exhaust gas between the suction (inlet) or exhaust valve and the cylinder. In plan, the configuration of the recess is generally L-shaped and covers the both valves and part of the cylinder. One leg of the L-shaped recess provides a straight line passage between the suction or inlet valve and the cylinder, while the exhaust valve and the cylinder are connected in series by the one leg of the recess from the cylinder to the suction valve and then by the other leg from the suction valve to the exhaust valve. The height of the recess is reduced in the region directly above the exhaust valve to a level considerably lower than the rest of the recess so that the upper wall surface of the recess is very close to the exhaust valve when it is in its uppermost position.