Abstract: A cylinder liner for insert casting used in a cylinder block is disclosed. The cylinder liner has an outer circumferential surface, and upper, middle, and lower portions with respect to an axial direction of the cylinder liner. A high thermal conductive film is formed in a section of the outer circumferential surface that corresponds to the upper portion, and a low thermal conductive film is formed in a section of the outer circumferential surface that corresponds to the lower portion. The high thermal conductive film and the low thermal conductive film are laminated in a section of the outer circumferential surface that corresponds to the middle portion, thereby forming a laminated film portion. As a result, temperature difference along the axial direction of the cylinder is reduced.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder bore having a closed cylinder end and interior cylinder side walls. A piston slides in the cylinder between a bottom dead center (BDC) position and a top dead center (TDC) position and has a compression end facing the closed cylinder end. The piston and cylinder bore forming a combustion chamber between the piston, the interior cylinder side walls, and the closed cylinder end. The piston's compression end has a layer of a combustion-resistant thermal insulating material on. First and second valves at the closed cylinder end control flow of gasses into and from the cylinder volume between the piston and the closed end. A layer of a combustion-resistant insulating material forms the closed cylinder end of the cylinder bore, and extends part way toward the BDC piston position.

Abstract: Carbon deposits on engine components can negatively affect engine performance. An engine of the present disclosure includes at least one carbon deposit resistant engine component attached to an engine housing. The engine component includes at least one relatively high surface tension surface that is a non-contact wear surface and to which a relatively low surface tension coating is attached. The relatively low surface tension coating has a surface tension at least one of equal to and less than 30 dyne/cm.

Abstract: A ceramic engine cylinder assembly of a car comprises a cylinder and a piston. A layer of ceramic material is coated on an inner surface of the cylinder; similarly, a layer of ceramic material is coated on an outer surface of the piston. When the piston is moving in the inner surface of the cylinder reciprocately, which can produce better lubricating effects so as to reduce the friction resistance and increase the power of the engine.

Abstract: A cylinder block including a block with two parts, a cylinder liner portion defining an inner wall of a water jacket and a cylinder block body defining an outer wall of the water jacket. The water jacket, which extends around the cylinders, is defined between the cylinder liner portion and the cylinder block body. A cylinder connector includes rectangular partition walls arranged in the direction cylinder liners are aligned. Each partition wall partitions adjacent cylinder lines and extends vertically downward from the bottom of the cylinder connector.

Abstract: A cylinder liner has an outer circumferential surface around which another metal is to be cast. The cylinder liner also has a plurality of protrusions disposed on the outer circumferential surface and having respective substantially conical undercuts or necks which are progressively spread outwardly from the outer circumferential surface. The protrusions have respective flat faces on the distal ends of the undercuts.

Abstract: An engine is made by providing a layer of material between the outer surface of a cylinder liner and the inner surface of the cylinder opening within an engine block. The material can be a polymer or a ceramic. Polyether ether ketone or polyethylene terephthalate can be a polymer used for these purposes. Zirconia or yttria can be ceramic used for these purposes. An electro-deposited paint can serve as the layer of thermally insulative material.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes at least one cylinder block having at least one combustion cylinder. A number of cylinder liners are respectively associated with each combustion cylinder. Each cylinder liner defines a corresponding cylinder inside surface. Each cylinder liner includes a plurality of discrete oil retaining indentations in a predefined pattern on the cylinder inside surface. The plurality of oil retaining indentations are bounded in both peripheral and longitudinal directions of the corresponding cylinder liner.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cooling structure for cooling a cylinder liner by circulating coolant in a water jacket formed along an outer periphery of the cylinder liner. This cooling structure includes an annular first water reservoir for temporarily storing coolant. This first water reservoir allows the coolant to uniformly flow circumferentially of the cylinder liner. The cooling structure also includes a plurality of coolant passages provided radially for connecting the first water reservoir to the water jacket. The coolant is caused to strike a part of a wall defining the water jacket substantially vertically from the radial coolant passages, thereby to generate turbulent flow in the coolant to efficiently cool the cylinder liner.

Abstract: A light metal cylinder crankcase for combustion engines has cylinder bushings with a running layer that forms the running surface and a rough, external bonding layer for bonding the cylinder bushings to the cylinder crankcase while pouring the cylinder crankcase. At least 60% of the bonding layer relative to the jacket surface of the bonding layer is connected with the casting material of the cylinder crankcase in a material tight manner.

Abstract: A composite nickel and copper alloy plating film (3) containing nickel and copper. Nickel is of high wear resistance and a nickel alloy improves the wear resistance of the film. Copper is of high resistance of the film. The film may further contain self-lubricating particles and hard particles which ensure its wear resistance and lubricating property to a further extent.

Abstract: An engine's cylinder having a layer coated with nano-gold and nano-titanium to the inner wall thereof. An excellent catalysis can be achieved due to the fine structure and the surface effect of the nano-gold and the nano-titanium as catalyst.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine with a flat plate that is disposed, adjacent a combustion chamber, between a cylinder head and a cylinder, said plate having at least two ports for at least one intake valve and/or one exhaust valve and/or at least one injector device or the like, and being disposed adjacent a flat cylinder head bottom. At least one relief slot is formed in the plate at least between two ports.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, especially an Otto engine, with intake valves and with a fuel injector, which is arranged and designed so that it injects the fuel directly into a combustion chamber of working cylinders of the internal combustion engine. At least in the region of the neck, the intake valves have a surface that is designed to counteract the formation of carbon deposits.

Abstract: A coating is plasma sprayed onto a cylinder bore and cylinder head sealing surface of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine. The coating is harder and/or more wear resistant than the cylinder block, itself. A cylinder head mounts to the cylinder head sealing surface so that the coating is at least partially disposed between the cylinder block and the cylinder head. The coating therefore protects the cylinder block from exposure to the cavitating pressures that can develop in the combustion chamber of the cylinder. A depression is formed in the cylinder head sealing surface to account for the thickness of the coating. A chamfer is formed in the transition between the cylinder bore and the cylinder head sealing surface.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine with a flat plate that is disposed, adjacent a combustion chamber, between a cylinder head and a cylinder, said plate having at least two ports for at least one intake valve and/or one exhaust valve and/or at least one injector device or the like, and being disposed adjacent a flat cylinder head bottom. At least one relief slot is formed in the plate at least between two ports.

Abstract: Disclosed are an insert of pour-around die casting, which is incorporated by an aluminum alloy die casting and has an organic film formed on the surface of the insert, wherein the organic film contains a higher fatty acid ester, a petroleum sulfonate and a mineral oil and has a thickness of from 0.5 to 2 &mgr;m, a rust preventive oil used therefor, and a method for incorporating the insert with an aluminum alloy die casting.

Abstract: A coating and coating process to improve the efficiency of hydrocarbon fueled engines, wherein the coating includes a high percentage of nickel to create a reaction which improves the combustion efficiency of the hydrocarbon fuel. The coating may also include chromium, iron, and other constituents and is applied to combustion surfaces with a sufficient bonding strength to allow the coating to function in the combustion chamber, while providing a surface having sufficient surface roughness to promote the chemical reaction underlying the combustion efficiency improvement. The nickel causes a catalytic cracking reaction to ease the combustibility of hydrocarbon molecules in the fuel.

Abstract: A carbon deposit inhibiting thermal barrier coating for an internal element or component in a gas turbine engine. Such coating includes a layer of thermal barrier material coated onto the surface of an engine component that will be exposed to the flow of burning engine gases. Such coating further includes a layer of carbon deposit inhibiting material coated on top of the layer of thermal barrier material.

Abstract: A ferrous cylinder liner for use in diesel engines having exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is protected from corrosive attack from the EGR environment by first final machining the inner running surface of the liner and thereafter plating the finished inner surface with a thin, non-porous, continuous coating of chromium which serves as a barrier to the EGR gases. The liner is installed and used in its as-coated condition with no post-coating finishing of the coated surface.

Abstract: The invention aims to improve the seizure resistance of a piston engine with a light-alloy cylinder having a chrome-plated friction surface. To this end the friction surface of the piston is provided with a coating on the basis of artificial resin in which hard particles are embedded.

Abstract: A ferrous cylinder liner for use in diesel engines having exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is protected from corrosive attack from the EGR environment by first final machining the inner running surface of the liner and thereafter plating the finished inner surface with a thin, non-porous, continuous coating of chromium which serves as a barrier to the EGR gases. The liner is installed and used in its as-coated condition with no post-coating finishing of the coated surface.

Abstract: A ferrous cylinder liner for use in diesel engines equipped with exhaust gas recirculation has at least a portion of its inner surface covered by an electroless coating of nickel. The coating has a maximum thickness of 8 micrometers and presents a continuous, non-porous barrier which protects the ferrous liner against attack from the corrosive EGR environment.

Abstract: An antipolishing ring arrangement utilized in a cylinder of a large combustion engine, which arrangement is supported on a cylinder sleeve, comprises at least two separate ring elements which are disposed one after the other in the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve.

Abstract: A surface layer for forming a cylinder barrel wall of a combustion engine block is proposed. The surface layer has separate phases of components that are separated from the phase of the remaining materials. The surface layer is produced by plasma spraying an iron containing spraying powder, incorporating all components of the layer to be produced. Such a surface layer may be applied easily and shows a significantly improved behavior regarding the machining thereof, without negatively influencing other important characteristics of the layer material, like wear resistance and coefficient of friction vis-á-vis the material of the piston rings. Preferred components of the spraying powder are, besides Fe, Cr, MN, S and C. Moreover, the spraying powder can contain As, Te, Se, Sb and/or Bi.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for enhancing the wear resistance of an iron engine cylinder bore comprising laser alloying of the cylinder bore with selected precursors and honing the cylinder bore to a preselected dimension. The present invention is particularly well suited for enhancing the resistance to wear caused by the corrosion caused by automotive ethanol fuel. The present invention is also directed toward an improved automotive engine comprising alloyed cylinder bores with enhanced wear resistance characteristics.

Abstract: A method of providing the inside surface of a hollow object with at least one microscopic feature, comprising the steps of coating at least a part of the inside surface with photo-sensitive material, directing light onto the material to photo-expose a selected portion of the material, removing the exposed selected portion or the unexposed material thereby to leave an opening through the coating, applying an etching substance to etch the inside surface through the opening to form a microscopic feature in the inside surface, characterized in that the light which is directed onto the photo-sensitive material comprises a collimated beam and during exposure, the beam and the inside surface are relatively moved so that the beam impinges upon the selected portion of the photo-sensitive coating to be exposed.

Abstract: A combustion chamber component for an internal combustion engine has a water and oil repellent coating which has good adhesive power and in which the effect of suppressing the accumulation of deposits is well maintained. The coating is formed from an organosilicon compound represented by the formula Rf—R1—Si(NH)3/2 wherein Rf denotes a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R1 denotes a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A wall member is on its side facing a combustion chamber provided with a hot-corrosion-resistant material made from a particulate starting material of an alloy containing nickel and chromium which by a HIP process has been unified to a coherent material substantially without melting the starting material. In terms of percent by weight the corrosion-resistant material comprises from 38 to 75% Cr, at the most 0.15% C, at the most 1.5% Si, at the most 1.0% Mn, at the most 0.2% B, at the most 5.0% Fe, at the most 1.0% Mg, at the most 2.5% Al, at the most 2.0% Ti, at the most 8.0% Co, at the most 3.0% Nb and a balance of Ni, the aggregate contents of Al and Ti amounting at the most to 4.0%, and the aggregate contents of Fe and Co amounting at the most to 8.0%, and the aggregate contents of Ni and Co amounting at the least to 25%. The corrosion-resistant material has a hardness of less than 310 HV measured at approximately 20° C.

Abstract: Highly efficient engine. The system includes an internal combustion engine having at least one piston in a cylinder, the cylinder including a cylinder head. The engine operates on an unsymmetrical expansion and compression cycle wherein the expansion portion of the cycle is greater than the compression portion of the cycle. The piston and cylinder head are lined with an insulating material having a selected thermal diffusivity. Apparatus is provided for injecting a supercritical mixture of fuel and water into the cylinder of the engine. The combination of these aspects results in a highly efficient engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block with a cylinder bore. A cylinder head is attached to the cylinder block and covers the cylinder bore. A cylinder liner within the cylinder bore has a distal end, an inside diameter, and an annular recess extending radially outwardly from the inside diameter at the distal end. A piston is reciprocally disposed within the cylinder liner. An annular scraping ring positioned in the annular recess has an inside diameter which is smaller than the inside diameter of the cylinder liner and is configured to scrape deposits from the piston. The scraping ring extends axially beyond the distal end of the cylinder liner. An annular sealing ring is separate from, located by and positioned radially outwardly adjacent to the scraping ring. The sealing ring directly engages and seals between the cylinder head and the distal end of the cylinder liner.

Abstract: A method for producing cylinder linings in an aluminum or magnesium engine block for an internal combustion engine utilizes plasma spraying of a mixture of powdered molybdenum and powdered steel containing from about 10 to about 70 wt. % molybdenum and from about 90 to about 30 wt. % steel. The resulting slide layer has good adhesion to the engine block and has high wear resistance.

Abstract: A cylinder-liner blank which preferably consists of a hypereutectic aluminum/silicon alloy and is cast into a crankcase. A special surface treatment achieves better material bonding of the liner in the crankcase. The blank has a roughness of 30 to 60 .mu.m on its outside, in the form of pyramid-like or lancet-like protruding material scabs or material accumulations. To obtain this roughness, the surface is blasted with particles which are broken so as to have sharp edges and consist of a brittle hard material, preferably high-grade corundum, with an average grain size of about 70 .mu.m. A fine fraction is formed and is continuously separated off. The average grain size is maintained by adding new particles.

Abstract: A method of making an engine block for an internal combustion engine comprising making an engine block with cylinder bores, forming a spray-formed cylinder liner with a predetermined internal diameter and a predetermined external diameter, heating the cylinder block, inserting the cylinder liner in the bore, and permitting the cylinder block to cool such that the liner is locked in position in the bore by compressive forces. The spray-formed cylinder liner comprises a cylindrical body made of a material having predetermined thermal characteristics, wear resistant and scuff resistant materials. The cylindrical body has an external surface formed by spray forming and an internal surface formed by spray forming. The liner can have a single spray-formed layer or multiple spray-formed layers of different materials. The spray-formed liner is preferably heat treated in an inert atmosphere before being inserted in the block. In one form, the spray-formed liner has a radial flange at one end.

Abstract: A combustion face insert is provided for connection to a bottom wall of an aluminum cylinder head adjacent a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine which includes an insert body formed of a material having a predetermined hardness. The insert body includes a lower surface facing the combustion chamber and extending radially outwardly to form an outer peripheral extent having a predetermined size necessary to cause the lower surface to be positioned for engagement with an annular combustion seal to effectively seal the combustion chamber. This design allows a greater power density to be achieved in a heavy duty diesel engine utilizing an aluminum cylinder head, increases the thermal fatigue resistance of the valve bridge area and increases the resistance of an aluminum cylinder head to indentation by the combustion seal of the head gasket during deflection of the aluminum cylinder head.

Abstract: A method of forming a breakage resistant, erosion resistant ceramic liner for a part comprising the steps of, forming a liner of a ceramic material containing pores; filling the pores with a pre-ceramic polymer resin; and, firing the liner saturated with a pre-ceramic polymer resin at a temperature and for a time which converts the resin into a ceramic within the pores. The liner can be mechanically attached, adhesively bonded or, a metal part can be cast onto the liner by placing the liner within the metal casting mold for the part as a sidewall or integral element thereof. The invention also includes method for producing parts and liners of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite by a resin transfer molding process or the like wherein fiber preforms are saturated with liquid pre-ceramic polymer resin. The preforms are then polymerized in a mold, the part removed from the mold, and then fired to transform the polymer to ceramic. The process can also be employed to form hollow parts such as manifolds.

Abstract: A fluid containment article that exhibits a reduced tendency for thermal decomposition products to deposit and adhere to its surface in contact with a hydrocarbon fluid, such as a hydrocarbon fuel, at elevated temperatures. Deposition and adhesion of thermal decomposition products are avoided by tailoring both the composition and surface finish of the surface contacting the hydrocarbon fluid. Preferred characteristics are achieved by appropriately preparing the surface of the article to have a surface roughness characterized by an R.sub.max of up to about 0.4 micrometer, and then depositing an oxide coating on the surface using a deposition process that yields a coating consisting essentially of a metal oxide and the vapors of an organometallic compound used in the deposition process.

Abstract: Articles for hot hydrocarbon fluid wherein the surface for contacting the fluid is a diffusion barrier material or a catalytic material coated on a metal substrate. The material is either catalytically-inactive tantalum oxide which inhibits the formation of coke in the fluid or catalytically-active zirconium oxide which promotes the formation of a loosely adherent coke in the fluid while inhibiting the formation of gum in the fluid. The coating materials, i.e., the diffusion barrier coating material and the catalytic coating material, are deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), e.g., by effusive chemical vapor deposition of an organometallic compound on the surface without the use of carrier gas, without pre-oxidation of the surface and without thermal decomposition of the diffusion barrier material or the catalytic coating material.

Abstract: A method of fluxing a cast light-weight metal substrate for thermally adhering sprayed metallic coatings thereto, comprising: (a) preparing the substrate to be clean of grease and oil and to have a uniform and homogeneous surface energy; (b) electrostatically depositing a dry flux powder coating onto such prepared surface; and (c) thermally depositing melted metal onto and across the flux coated surface to further thermally activate the flux if not already activated, for stripping away any substrate oxides and to thermally metallurgically bond the deposited molten metal to the substrate.

Abstract: This invention discloses a "ceramic" piston and cylinder/sleeve pair for an internal combustion engine. The pair has low coefficients of thermal expansion for closer parts tolerances without danger of seizing and/or breakage/cracking from dissimilar part expansions. A piston is formed of a structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material and then a combined first erosion-resistant and self-lubricating material is applied to a surface of a skirt portion of the piston. A cylinder/sleeve is formed of a structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material and then a second combined erosion-resistant and self-lubricating material is applied to the surface of the cylinder/sleeve.

Abstract: Articles for hot hydrocarbon fluid wherein the surface for contacting the fluid is a metal oxide, amorphous glass or metal fluoride diffusion barrier material coated on a metal substrate. The metal oxide, amorphous glass or metal fluoride is deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), e.g., by effusive CVD of an organometallic compound on the surface without the use of carrier gas, without pre-oxidation of the surface and without thermal decomposition of the diffusion barrier coating material. Examples of coating materials deposited by effusive CVD are SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, spinel and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The articles having the coated surfaces find utility in components subjected to high temperatures wherein the components are in contact with hydrocarbon fluids without additives, without special attention to quality control and without the need for special processing.

Abstract: An engine component such as an intake or exhaust valve, or any other component near or within the combustion chamber, is coated with an amorphous hydrogenated carbon film coating to prevent the formation of carbonaceous deposits thereon. Methods for forming the film coating are also disclosed.

Abstract: The damage detecting apparatus for ceramic parts detects breakage of the ceramic combustion chamber structure and valves or breakage and wear of the cylinder liner and minimizes the damages to the structure and valves. The breakage of the head liner forming the ceramic combustion chamber can be detected by arranging the conductive ceramic wires on the outer circumferential surface of the head liner and passing a small current through these wires. The breakage of the valves installed in the ports of the cylinder head can be detected by arranging the conductive lines over the entire length of the valve stem and passing a small current to the conductive lines. The damages to the ceramic cylinder liner, such as wear, can be detected by arranging the conductive lines over the inner wall surface and passing a small current to the conductive lines.

Abstract: This invention discloses a "ceramic" piston and cylinder/sleeve pair for an internal combustion engine. The pair has low coefficients of thermal expansion for closer parts tolerances without danger of seizing and/or breakage/cracking from dissimilar part expansions. A piston is formed of a structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material and then a combined first erosion-resistant and self-lubricating material is applied to a surface of a skirt portion of the piston. A cylinder/sleeve is formed of a structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material and then a second combined erosion-resistant and self-lubricating material is applied to the surface of the cylinder/sleeve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sound absorption structure-carrying engine provided on the outer sides of combustion chambers with sound absorption layers adapted to shut off the pressure waves occurring in the combustion chambers. In this engine, combustion chamber members are provided in the cavities in a cylinder head via sound absorption gaskets. The pistons moved reciprocatingly in the cylinders comprise piston heads, piston skirts, and sound absorption gaskets provided between the piston heads and piston skirts. The sound absorption gaskets comprise sound absorption layers formed out of a rubber material, such as synthetic rubber of a high heat conductivity capable of minimizing the transmission of vibration and a metallic material. In a heat insulating structure-carrying engine, heat insulating layers preventing the radiation of heat are provided between the combustion chambers and sound absorption layers.

Abstract: This invention provides a porous thermal barrier layer for protecting parts of an internal-combustion engine having parts which are acted upon by combustion, and particularly by heat, and to a process for applying such a thermal barrier layer to these parts. The thermal barrier layer, which is formed of grains and/or fibers connected with one another on the exterior side, and is produced at least partially from a heat-resistant, temperature-shock-stable and abrasion-proof barrier material, has a heat penetration number defined by the following formulab=.sqroot.p.cndot.C.cndot..lambda.withb: the heat penetration number of the thermal barrier layerin ?J.cndot.(Kcm.sup.2 .sqroot.s).sup.-1 !,p: the density of the thermal barrier layer in ?g/cm.sup.3 !,.lambda.: the thermal conductivity of the barrier material in ?W/cmK!, andC: the specific heat of the barrier material in ?J/gK!which heat penetration number is smaller than 0.25 ?J.cndot.(Kcm.sup.2 .sqroot.s).sup.-1 !, particularly smaller than 0.1 ?J.cndot.(Kcm.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating for high temperature applications has improved resistance to heat flow. The coating comprises a large number of these (nanometer scale) layers separated by interfaces which are effective in retarding heat flow. The coating material will typically be oxide based ceramics and the coating has particular applications in gas turbine engines.

Abstract: A sleeveless cylinder block for an automobile engine, motorcycle engine or the like having at least one cylinder such as that made of an aluminum ally, the inside surface of which is plated, is characterized in that a marginal portion from the bottom end of the inside surface of the cylinder on the side of the cylinder skirt and the remaining part of the cylinder block lower than the marginal portion are not plated, whereby only a target area inside the cylinder is securely plated, and further the area between the bottom of the cylinder and the cylinder skirt is strengthened.

Abstract: Sliding contact-making structures of an internal combustion engine, comprising (a) a cylinder unit having an inner plating coating containing a dispersoid substance; and (b) a piston provided with at least one piston ring, fitted into the inside of said cylinder unit in the axial direction so as to freely slide upon the inside surface thereof, wherein the thickness of the plating coating is tapered off in the axial direction at the edge of the plating coating on the side of a crankshaft, and/or the dispersoid content in said plating coating not in sliding contact with the piston ring, on the side of a crankshaft, is lower than that in sliding contact with the piston ring, thereby preventing peeling off of the plating coating and unnecessary abrasion of the piston as well as seizing, extending the life of the cylinder.

Abstract: A method of making an engine block for an internal combustion engine comprising making an engine block with cylinder bores, forming a spray-formed cylinder liner with a predetermined internal diameter and a predetermined external diameter, heating the cylinder block, inserting the cylinder liner in the bore, and permitting the cylinder block to cool such that the liner is locked in position in the bore by compressive forces. The spray-formed cylinder liner comprises a cylindrical body made of a material having predetermined thermal characteristics, wear resistant and scuff resistant materials. The cylindrical body has an external surface formed by spray forming and an internal surface formed by spray forming. The liner can have a single spray-formed layer or multiple spray-formed layers of different materials.