Abstract: A fixed cone sleeve valve has a conically shaped valve body and a sleeve gate movable relative to the valve body to define open and closed positions of the valve. An extension member is provided at the downstream distal end of the sleeve gate. The extension member extends radially outward and axially downstream from the distal end of the sleeve gate. The extension member has outer and inner surfaces with openings extending between the outer and inner surfaces. The extension member is arranged on the sleeve gate in a manner to allow communication through the openings into the flow path when the sleeve gate is in the open position.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine is provided. The method includes combusting a mixture of fresh air and fuel within multiple cylinders. The method also includes directing a first portion of exhaust gases into a first-stage turbine and a second-stage turbine of a turbocharger for expanding the exhaust gases, directing a second portion of exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold via an exhaust channel bypassing the first-stage turbine and recirculating a third portion of exhaust gases into an intake manifold after mixing with fresh air. The method includes controlling at least one of: reducing a normal engine speed at each engine power setting while maintaining constant engine power level by increasing a fuel injection per cycle; concurrently increasing a flow rate of the third portion of exhaust gas during recirculation; and advancing a fuel injection timing for reducing emission levels that meets Tier 4 requirements.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for varying a compression ratio in an engine having a pressure reactive piston. The pressure reactive piston may include a piston crown, and a spring positioned within the piston crown, wherein the spring includes a first ring, a second ring comprising a plurality of apertures, a rolling element positioned within each of the plurality of apertures, and a third ring. The first ring, the second ring, and the third ring of the spring may be arranged concentrically and the second ring may be positioned between the first ring and the third ring.

Abstract: A cabin air compressor assembly that include a cabin air compressor disposed at a compressor inlet and a cabin air compressor motor operably connected to the cabin air compressor. At least one cooling flow inlet is configured to direct a cooling flow through various pathways in the cabin air compressor assembly, including across the cabin air compressor motor. A blower is configured to boost the cooling flow across the cabin air compressor motor, thereby increasing cooling flow provided to the air compressor motor. A static seal plate is downstream of the blower and guides the boosted cooling flow toward a cooling flow exit. In addition, the static seal plate isolates boosted cooling flow from a moving rotor of the cabin air compressor, and also forms part of a containment structure that contains fragments and breakage that may come from the cabin air compressor rotor.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for varying a compression ratio in an engine having a pressure reactive piston. The pressure reactive piston may include a piston crown, and a spring positioned within the piston crown, wherein the spring includes a first ring, a second ring comprising a plurality of apertures, a rolling element positioned within each of the plurality of apertures, and a third ring. The first ring, the second ring, and the third ring of the spring may be arranged concentrically and the second ring may be positioned between the first ring and the third ring.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine has a cylinder having a cylinder bore with a combustion chamber and an outlet connected with the combustion chamber. A piston is disposed in the cylinder and delimits the combustion chamber. The piston has a piston recess. A crankcase is provided that has a crankshaft rotatably supported therein. The piston drives in rotation the crankshaft. In at least one position of the piston, the crankcase is connected by a transfer passage with the combustion chamber. An air passage is provided as well as a mixture passage that has a mixture inlet that is disposed at the cylinder bore and opens into the cylinder bore and is piston-controlled. The transfer passage is connected by the piston recess to the air passage when the piston is at top dead center. The piston recess has a connection to the mixture inlet in at least one position of the piston.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine is provided with a piston, a cylinder that houses the piston in a manner allowing reciprocation, a crankshaft that is connected to the piston via a connecting rod, a crankcase that houses the crankshaft in a manner allowing rotation, a mixture gas passage that introduces mixture gas into the crankcase, a scavenging passage that extends between a scavenging intake that opens into the crankcase and a scavenging port that opens into the cylinder; and an air passage that is connected to an intermediate position of the scavenging passage for introducing air into the scavenging passage. The engine is adapted such that, in a part of an upward stroke period of the piston, the crankcase in which negative pressure is generated is connected to the scavenging passage via the scavenging port.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified valve guide for a four-stroke internal combustion engine that utilizes compressed air to accelerate outflow of exhaust gases from a combustion chamber and through the exhaust manifold. The device comprises a ported valve guide that is concentrically mounted about an exhaust valve stem. The valve guide is a hollow cylinder that surrounds the exhaust valve stem, and includes a vertically mounted port on its working end. Below the port is a circumferential ring and guide tube connection that accepts compressed air input, communicating forced air through the valve guide port on its working end into the combustion chamber and exhaust manifold. The introduction of forced air increases volumetric efficiency of the system by improving scavenging and forcibly removing exhaust gases from the cylinder during the exhaust stroke. Both the power and efficiency of the engine are improved, along with reduced emissions from the engine exhaust.

Abstract: In a method for operating an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder which includes a first exhaust valve and a second exhaust valve, the internal combustion engine is operated in a scavenging operating mode in that the closing times of the exhaust valves after an ejection stroke of a four-stroke operating cycle are situated after an opening time of an intake valve, and the second exhaust valve is opened with a time delay relative to the first exhaust valve in the scavenging operating mode.

Abstract: A cylinder liner for an engine is disclosed. The cylinder liner may have a hollow cylindrical sleeve extending from a first end to a second end along a longitudinal axis. The cylinder liner may also have a plurality of circumferentially spaced intake ports formed within the sleeve. The plurality of intake ports may have a first intake port positioned at a first axial distance from the first end. The plurality of intake ports may also have a second intake port positioned at a second axial distance from the first end.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine (1) includes a cylinder (2) having a scavenging port (23) and an exhaust port (24), a piston (3) provided in the cylinder (2), a first ejection part (61) for ejecting liquid ammonia into a combustion chamber (20), and a supercharger (5) for pressurizing a suction gas to generate a scavenging gas. In the two-stroke engine (1), the first ejection part (61) ejects liquid ammonia into the combustion chamber (20) within a period of time from when supply of the scavenging gas through the scavenging port (23) into the combustion chamber (20) is started until when the piston (3) next reaches top dead center. It is thus possible to reduce the temperature of gas within the combustion chamber (20) by the heat of vaporization of the liquid ammonia, reduce the pressure in the combustion chamber (20) during compression, and reduce the amount of compression work.

Abstract: A method for operating a four-stroke internal combustion engine and a four-stroke combustion engine configured to be operated by the same are disclosed. The method comprises injecting compressed gas into a cylinder during the exhaust stroke of the combustion cycle. In another aspect of the invention, the injection occurs at a time in the combustion cycle near the end of the exhaust stroke, the cylinder approaching Top Dead Center. In a still further aspect of the invention, the gas comprises air.

Abstract: A method for operating a four-stroke internal combustion engine and a four-stroke combustion engine configured to be operated by the same are disclosed. The method comprises injecting compressed gas into a cylinder during the exhaust stroke of the combustion cycle. In another aspect of the invention, the injection occurs at a time in the combustion cycle near the end of the exhaust stroke, the cylinder approaching Top Dead Center. In a still further aspect of the invention, the gas comprises air.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified valve guide for a four-stroke internal combustion engine that utilizes compressed air to accelerate the outflow of exhaust gases from a combustion chamber and through the exhaust manifold. The device comprises a ported valve guide that is concentrically mounted about an exhaust valve stem. The valve guide is a hollow cylinder that surrounds the exhaust valve stem, and includes a vertically mounted port on its working end. Below the port is a circumferential ring and guide tube connection that accepts compressed air input, communicating forced air through the valve guide port on its working end into the combustion chamber and exhaust manifold. The introduction of forced air increases volumetric efficiency of the system by improving scavenging and forcibly removing exhaust gases from the cylinder during the exhaust stroke. Both the power and efficiency of the engine are improved, along with reduced emissions from the engine exhaust.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of scavenging the residual burnt gas of a direct-injection supercharged multi-cylinder internal-combustion engine (10), notably of diesel type, running under partial loads, with a piston moving in a reciprocating motion between a top dead center (PMH) and a bottom dead center (PMB), wherein a burnt gas scavenging stage is carried out by means of a sequence of opening/closing at least one exhaust valve (18) during engine exhaust phase (E) and of at least one sequence of opening/closing at least one intake valve (28) during this exhaust valve opening/closing sequence. According to the invention, the method consists, during the scavenging stage, in controlling the closing time of intake valve (28) so as to cause a decrease in exhaust pressure (Pe) in order to achieve a pressure differential between intake pressure (Pa) and exhaust pressure (Pe) favourable to intake pressure (Pa).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of scavenging the residual burnt gas of a direct-injection multi-cylinder internal-combustion engine (10), notably of diesel type, with a piston moving in a reciprocating motion between a top dead center (PMH) and a bottom dead center (PMB), wherein a burnt gas scavenging stage is carried out by means of a sequence of opening/closing at least one exhaust valve (18) during exhaust phase (E) of the engine and of at least one sequence of opening/closing at least one intake valve (28) during this exhaust valve opening/closing sequence. According to the invention, the method consists in starting the sequence of opening/closing exhaust valve (18) at a crank angle (e1) located after the bottom dead center (PMBe) of the exhaust phase and in ending this sequence at most at the next top dead center (PMHa).

Abstract: An engine system, comprising of a combustion chamber selectively communicating with an intake manifold via at least an intake valve and an exhaust manifold via at least an exhaust valve, a turbocharger including a compressor operatively coupled to the intake manifold and a turbine operatively coupled to the exhaust manifold, wherein the turbocharger is configured to selectively boost intake manifold pressure greater than exhaust manifold pressure during at least one operating condition, a direct fuel injector configured to inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber, a spark plug configured to provide an ignition spark to the combustion chamber, a valve actuation system coupled to the intake valve and the exhaust valve configured to vary a relative timing of the intake valve and the exhaust valve and a control system communicatively coupled to the valve actuation system, the direct fuel injector, and the spark plug wherein during said at least one operating condition, the control system is configured to

Abstract: A method for operating and engine having a cylinder with at least an intake and exhaust valve, comprising of performing a combustion cycle in the cylinder in which exhaust valve closing occurs after intake valve opening thereby creating valve overlap, boosting intake air above exhaust pressure, where said boosted intake air is inducted into said cylinder while said intake valve is open and at least a first portion of said inducted boosted intake air flows past the exhaust valve with both said intake and exhaust valves are open during said overlap, directly injecting fuel to said cylinder that is combusted in said cylinder, where a beginning of said fuel injection occurs after said exhaust valve closing and said directly injected fuel is mixed with at least a second portion of said inducted boosted intake air, and combusting said mixture at a rich air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A device for controlling an internal combustion engine with a variable valve timing system is provided. While the piston descends just after the combustion in the cylinder, the intake valve is opened by the variable valve system for the intake valve such that the intake air is supplied into the cylinder from the engine intake system.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine includes a working cylinder, a compressed air supply, an injector for supplying a gas and fuel mixture, an exhaust valve and an inlet valve. The inlet valve delivers both gas under pressure and gas and fuel mixture to the working cylinder, commencing delivery of the gas under pressure at an earlier stage in the engine cycle to the commencement of delivery of gas and fuel mixture. The inlet valve delivers gas under pressure to the cylinder at least for a part of the time that the exhaust port is open so as to drive combusted gases out of the working cylinder. The internal combustion engine also includes a rotary valve having a first member of a cylindrical external configuration, a sleeve surrounding the first member, and a mechanism for rotating the sleeve relative to the first member. The first member comprises a plurality of fluid passages and a plurality of apertures allowing communication of each of the passages with the exterior of the first member.

Abstract: A method for improving the operation of an engine including a cylinder space, a piston movable therein, at least one inlet valve having an inlet duct associated therewith, and at least one outlet valve having an outlet duct associated therewith includes providing an air filling in the inlet duct upstream of the inlet valve(s). An initial portion of the air filling is introduced into the cylinder space while the outlet valve(s) is open, whereby the initial portion of air filling flushes the cylinder space and exits into the outlet duct through the open outlet valve(s). Upon closing of the outlet valve(s) the introduction of the air filling into the cylinder space is continued and thereafter an air-and-fuel mixture is brought into the cylinder space through the same inlet duct(s) and inlet valve(s) through which the air filling has passed in being introduced into the cylinder, resulting in a fuel charge stratified a top of the retained air filling.

Abstract: Method for operating an engine having a piston reciprocable in a cylinder, an intake port for admitting air, an exhaust valve controlled by a valve actuator independently of crankshaft position, spark ignition, and fuel injection. During a first stroke the piston moves from BDC to TDC, the intake port is closed, the exhaust valve is closed, and fuel is injected. During a second stroke (TDC to BDC) the exhaust valve remains closed, lowering the pressure and causing some evaporation of the fuel-air mixture. During a third stroke (BDC to TDC), the fuel air mixture is again increased and finally ignited. During a fourth stroke (TDC to BDC) the ignited mixture expands, followed by opening the exhaust valve and the intake port. The second and third strokes enhance evaporation thus permit ignition of low vapor pressure fuel in a cold engine. Once the engine is hot, the valve actuators permit transition to a two-stroke-cycle.

Abstract: This four-cycle head insulating engine has combustion chambers which consist of cylinder head lower surface portions and cylinder liner upper portions, and which are formed in a heat insulating manner; exhaust valves provided in exhaust ports formed in the cylinder head; suction ports formed in cylinder liner lower portion so as to be spaced in the circumferential direction thereof and opened in the positions before the lower dead points; guide scrolls communicating with the suction ports and formed on the outer circumferential surface of a cylinder block; and a supercharger joined to suction passages communicating with the guide scrolls. Accordingly, this heat insulating engine renders it unnecessary to provide, especially, check valves in the suction system, and enables the degree of freedom of designing the guide scrolls to be improved, and the guide scrolls to be formed to such a shape that allows the suction air to be swirled in a large curve and sucked easily into the cylinders.

Abstract: A heat-insulated four-cycle engine includes a heat-insulated main combustion chamber, a prechamber having an ejection port communicating with the main combustion chamber and associated with an exhaust valve, a projection mounted on the piston head surface of a piston and movable into the ejection port in the vicinity of the top dead center, a recess defined in the piston head surface around the projection, and intake ports defined in the cylindrical wall of a cylinder which defines the main combustion chamber. Combustion gases produced as a result of combustion of fuel in the prechamber are held in the prechamber by the projection in a high-temperature condition for a certain period of time. Thereafter, as the piston is lowered from the top dead center, the combustion gases are discharged from the prechamber into the main combustion chamber, thus lowering the pressure in the prechamber.

Abstract: A 4-stroke, internal combustion engine having two intake valves for each cylinder wherein a single rocker-arm assembly actuates both of the intake valves in a timed sequence to provide a stratified charge to the cylinder.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine apparatus includes a cylinder having a head, an intake valve cooperating with the head for selectively allowing passage of fluids into the cylinder and an exhaust valve for selectively allowing passage of fluids out of the cylinder. The exhaust and inlet valves are open during both the intake and exhaust phases of operation of the engine. A piston is mounted for reciprocal movement in the cylinder between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position. The cylinder has at least one opening therein, the opening is disposed in a side wall thereof intermediate the top dead center position and the bottom dead center position. The opening communicates between the interior of the cylinder and space outside of the cylinder and the opening is fully covered by the piston in at least one position of the piston.

Abstract: A four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine including a scavenging air system to minimize the emission of oxides of nitrogen. The engine includes a scavenging valve to admit scavenging air into the cylinder, and the scavenging valve is so oriented as to cause scavenging air to flow radially toward the center of the cylinder. The inlet valve and valve seat are configured in such a way as to cause the air-fuel mixture to circulate circumferentially within the cylinder and a spark plug is provided to ignite the air-fuel mixture. Additionally, an air charging system is provided to pressurize the air that is introduced for scavenging purposes, and a portion of the air from the air charging system is conveyed to an air cooling system, within which the fuel is added to the air, whereupon the air-fuel mixture is cooled to a temperaturea below the temperature of the scavenging air.

Abstract: A single-sleeve valve engine has narrow quasi-elliptic sleeve motion which improves exhaust and intake valving and permits the conversion of standard engine blocks. The sleeve is thick walled, and is molded of low density material which permits significant rounding of the sleeve apertures for better flow, and grooves and rings for oil control, gas leakage reduction, and mass reduction. The sleeve has an extension which projects above the head and is connected to a half-speed crankshaft by means of a connecting rod. This connecting rod is restrained at an intermediate point by a radius rod to obtain quasi-elliptic sleeve motion which has an amplitude approximately half as great circumferentially as axially. In order to minimize emissions, provision is made for swirl, scavenging, multiple spark plugs, and a near ideal combustion chamber shape.

Abstract: An engine system comprises an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas treatment system, such as a three-way catalytic converter or an oxidation catalytic converter. The engine has an additional intake means, in addition to a main intake means for admitting by induction an air fuel mixture to a combustion chamber, for admitting under pressure above atmospheric pressure air to the combustion chambers during a period initiating during the exhaust stroke and terminating during the intake stroke for the purpose of expelling residual gas from the combustion chamber to bring about a stable combustion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distribution system for the intake and exhaust in an internal combustion engine.According to the invention, a cylinder is connected to an exhaust manifold by means of a connecting valve 10. An intake mainfold 10 opens into the manifold 14 by means of an intake valve 14 making it possible to regulate the flow of air and re-cycling of the burnt gases.The advantages attained by the invention include: achieving optimum characteristics of the flow of air and re-cycling of the burnt gases, obtaining optimum characteristics of the flow, reduction in temperature of the exhaust valve and assisting in starting and partial running.

Abstract: A method for improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine such as a Diesel engine, by ensuring, on the one hand, efficient cylinder scavenging, particularly at light engine loads and/or low speeds, and on the other hand, a reduction of the effective compression ratio resulting in temperature reduction preferably under high engine loads and/or at high speeds. Said method consists in creating, for each engine cylinder and each engine cycle, a reserve of compressed air, during the intake stage, with the intake air and in compressing it by retarding the closing of the intake valve. A non-return valve is accommodated in the intake conduit and said gas reserve is contained in the space between the intake valve and the non-return valve.

Abstract: A four-stroke reciprocatory internal combustion engine has a scavenging phase in which air is admitted under pressure into the cylinder and has a swirl generating phase in which a high-speed jet of air is admitted under pressure into the cylinder so as to swirl air fuel mixture charge in the cylinder around the cylinder axis. The engine has, in addition to an intake valve that controls induction of air fuel mixture into the cylinder, a separate air inlet valve which effects the scavenging phase and swirl generating phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to internal combustion engines operatable with ignition plug. For each engine cylinder, secondary air introduction means are provided which utilizes at least part of the intake passage, screw thread gaps around the plug. In this case, use of non-return valve means and of air precompression means is not made in any way.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder acting as an air pump for the admission of scavenging air into the remaining cylinders.

Abstract: In a four-cycle spark-ignition internal combustion engine, knocking under a high compression ratio can be prevented by replacing the burnt gas which remains within the cylinder at the end of an exhaust stroke by a gas, such as exhaust gas, which is at a temperature approximating normal temperature, and that the ignition timing is controlled so as not to precede the knocking limit ignition point.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an engine system which comprises an internal combustion engine, an air admission system to admit scavenging air, under pressure, into an engine cylinder through an additional intake valve and an EGR system. The air admission system includes an air pump and an EGR conduit of the EGR system having an inlet end connected to the engine exhaust conduit and an outlet end connected to the air admission system upstream of the air pump to effect admission of recirculated exhaust gas through the additional intake valve together with scavenging air. With this EGR system and the replacement of residual gas with scavenging air, the rate of exhaust gas in the engine cylinder upon ignition is kept substantially constant over varying partial loads.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine having one or a plurality of cylinders with piston means movable therein wherein a controlled quantity of compressed air is introduced into the combustion chamber when the piston is substantially in its bottom dead center position and about to begin a compression stroke or an exhaust stroke or only before the beginning of an exhaust stroke. The quantity of compressed air supplied is varied in dependence upon the load or output power of the engine. At lower engine speeds or lower output power a greater quantity of compressed air is introduced before each compression stroke. At higher engine speeds or higher output power a smaller quantity of compressed air is supplied prior to each compression stroke and each exhaust stroke. The scavenging and/or supercharging air is supplied at a pressure from about 7 to 43 psig, and at a temperature below 1470.degree. F., or lower.

Abstract: An improved modular air conditioning apparatus featuring selective panel enclosures, plug-in controls, orientation selection and servicing capability, the apparatus comprising an open box frame having three access sides which are each selectable for enclosure or component orientation. A blower and heat exchanger are disposed in an operating section of the frame, and these are removable through an access port provided by the removal of an intake grille disposed at one of the access sides. Riser pipes disposed in a vertical riser duct connect with other like units and supply hot or chilled water to the heat exchanger. A plug-in control assembly senses an external temperature and controls the operation of the blower which draws air through the heat exchanger and blows the air into a plenum section of the frame from which the air exits through an outlet grille.