Abstract: A hydraulic pump-motor includes a cylinder block including a plurality of fluid chambers, a piston in each of the fluid chambers, a cam, a fixed valve area profile, and a timing adjustment actuator. The cam includes a cam surface that engages the pistons and drives movement of the pistons relative to the fluid chambers in response to relative rotation between the cam and the fluid chambers. The fixed valve area profile is configured to control fluid flows between the fluid chambers and first and second ports. The timing adjustment actuator is configured to adjust an angular orientation of the fixed valve area profile relative to an angular orientation of the cam based on a pressure differential between a pressure at the first port and a pressure at the second port.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine body provided with a cylinder having openings for intake and exhaust, and valve bodies that open and close the openings, cam shafts provided with cam lobes that depress the valve bodies so as to open the openings, and bearing members that pivotally supports the cam shaft via lubricating oil. Each cam shaft includes cam journals pivotally supported by the bearing members, and a hollow bore extending in the axial direction of the cam shaft. When an area of the cam journal around the hollow bore is seen in a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction, a thickness on a projecting side of the cam lobe is X1, and a thickness on the opposite side to the cam lobe in the circumferential direction is X2, a relationship of X1>X2 is satisfied in at least a part of the cam journal.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided, which includes an engine body provided with a cylinder having openings for intake and exhaust, and valve bodies that open and close the openings, cam shafts, each provided with a cam lobe that depress the corresponding valve body to open the openings, and bearing members pivotally supporting the cam shaft via lubricating oil. The cam shaft includes cam journals pivotally supported by the bearing members, and a recess formed at a position of the cam journal, opposing the cam lobe in the circumferential direction, and depressed radially inwardly of the cam journal, the recess being deeper in an axial end part of the cam journal than an axial center part.

Abstract: A valve actuation system comprises a valve actuation motion source configured to provide a main valve actuation motion and an auxiliary valve actuation motion for actuating at least one engine valve via a valve actuation load path. A lost motion subtracting mechanism is arranged in a pre-rocker arm valve train component and configured, in a first default operating state, to convey at least the main valve actuation motion and configured, in a first activated state, to lose the main valve actuation motion and the auxiliary valve actuation motion. Additionally, a lost motion adding mechanism is arranged in a valve bridge and configured, in a second default operating state, to lose the auxiliary valve actuation motion and configured, in a second activated state, to convey the auxiliary valve actuation motion, wherein the lost motion adding mechanism is in series with the lost motion subtracting mechanism in the valve actuation load path.

Abstract: A camshaft cover, a camshaft assembly, and a double-cylinder engine are provided. The camshaft cover has an integral structure, and includes a first shaft cover portion, a second shaft cover portion, a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion. The first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are connected between the first shaft cover portion and the second shaft cover portion, and spaced apart axially.

Abstract: A fuel pump includes a camshaft that rotates in accordance with operation of an engine and a tappet provided in contact the camshaft. An ECU includes an angle determination unit configured to determine whether a rotation angle from a start of rotation of the camshaft when starting the engine is under a predetermined angle required for forming an oil film on a sliding portion of the tappet, and a control unit configured to, when the rotation angle from the start of rotation of the camshaft is determined to be under the predetermined angle, execute a limit process including at least one of limiting a fuel discharge pressure of the fuel pump or limiting a rotation of the camshaft.

Abstract: A cylinder head includes: a cylinder head body that includes a lower deck, an upper deck defining a first cooling water space together with the lower deck, and valve hole-forming walls; a rocker housing that includes a rocker-side wall formed integrally with the cylinder head body; an expansion wall portion that expands from the cylinder head body and defines a second cooling water space communicating with the first cooling water space and extending up to a position over the upper deck; and an EGR passage-forming portion that is provided in the second cooling water space.

Abstract: A modular cylinder head is configured for use with combustion engine block configurations each having different valvetrain oiling pathways. Thus, when used with “LA-style” engine blocks, oil receiving/delivery ports provided by the cylinder head are compatibly interfaced with an oil outlet port provided by the engine block, thus allowing oil to pass from the engine block into the head for delivery to a valvetrain carried thereby. Alternatively, when the head is used with “Magnum-style” engine blocks, the oil receiving/delivery ports of the head are not used. Rather, a pushrod and lifter having internal ports are used by the cylinder head to allow oil to pass from the engine block, through the internal ports of the lifter and pushrod, and into the valvetrain.

Abstract: An engine system is provided with a crankshaft gear coupled to a crankshaft of an engine for rotation therewith, and a balance gear coupled to a balance shaft for rotation therewith. The balance gear and crankshaft gear are in meshed engagement. The balance gear is formed by a series of sectors connected by a series of resilient blocks, with each sector defining first and second recesses along opposite radial edges sized to receive adjacent blocks, respectively. Each elastomeric block is configured to deform both normally and in shear thereby providing damping for the gear. A gear such as the balance gear, and a method of forming the gear are also provided.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus may include first cam portion including first cam, of which relative phase angle of the first cam is variable, internal bracket transmitting rotation of the camshaft to the first cam portion, control shaft, of which a control gear is mounted thereto, slider housing in which the internal bracket is rotatably inserted, to be movable perpendicular to the camshaft and the slider housing on which a guide wall is formed, rocker shaft, first rocker arm rotatably disposed to the rocker shaft of which a first end portion contacts with the first cam and of which a second end portion is connected to a first valve, moving gear disposed within the guide wall, engaged with the control gear and the moving gear to move the slider housing according to rotation of the control shaft and a controller selectively rotating the control shaft.

Abstract: An assembly aid configured to fix the rotational position of rotatably mounted shafts. The assembly aid has at least two parallel mandrels which are connected to one another by way of a bridge, each mandrel being assigned a positioning element which is arranged at least in sections eccentrically with respect to the respective mandrel.

Abstract: A cam cover cap plug for use with a cylinder head assembly to fill the opening that remains when an accessory unit such as a READ utility pump is not utilized. The cam cover cap plug is preferably a one-piece, molded component formed from a plastic or a metal. The cam cover cap plug includes a back, a front, an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface is arched and defines a half-round configuration. The lower surface is flat and includes integrated cylinder head fasteners extending from the flat surface. The arched, half-round configuration of the upper surface provides a full and complete sealing area with the half-round opening of the cam cover formed to receive the accessory unit. The fasteners of the lower surface are preferably integrated dowels. The integrated dowels locate the cam cover cap plug base to the cylinder head of the cylinder head assembly.

Abstract: An adjustable camshaft can be used in valve drives of internal combustion engines, amongst other places. The adjustable camshaft may include an outer shaft and an inner shaft that is concentric with and rotatably supported in the outer shaft. A cam having a cam bore may be rotatably supported on an outer surface of the outer shaft so as to form a slide bearing gap between the cam and the outer shaft. The cam may be rotatably-fixed to the inner shaft so that the inner shaft and the cam rotate with one another. Furthermore, the adjustable camshaft may include an oil channeling groove disposed beneath the cam in the outer surface of the outer shaft. In many cases, at least one side of the oil channeling groove may be exposed such that it extends beyond the slide bearing gap and the cam.

Abstract: A roller finger follower includes a housing and a roller assembly. The roller assembly includes a roller positioned between a pair of sidewalls of the housing, an axle extending through opposing holes in the sidewalls of the housing and the roller, and preferably includes a plurality of needles positioned between the axle and the roller for rotatably mounting the roller on the axle. The roller assembly also includes a first bearing sleeve positioned in the first hole and a second bearing sleeve positioned in the second hole. Ends of the axle are respectively positioned in and rotatable relative to the first bearing sleeve and the second bearing sleeve such that the axle is rotatable relative to the housing.

Abstract: A novel cylinder head arrangement for an in-line four cylinder or eight cylinder engine. A modified arrangement allows additional space for installation of wider rocker arm assemblies used for variable valve lift (VVL), cylinder deactivation (CDA) and other types of variable valve actuation (VVA). In one embodiment, cam towers adjacent the end two cylinders are not used. At least one end support is used, which may be an outboard bearing on a camshaft for each end. The wider rocker assemblies may then be installed. In another embodiment, cam towers adjacent the inner two cylinders are eliminated and a single camshaft support piece with a support bearing is installed between the inner cylinders to provide support for the camshafts. The wider rocker assemblies may then be installed on at least one of the middle cylinders. A novel oil control valve operates latches in switching rocker arm assemblies.

Abstract: A method for assembling a module for a motor vehicle engine in which the components, such as e.g. cams, sensor wheels etc., which are to be attached to the support shaft, are positioned, prior to insertion of the support shaft, merely at those axial positions that do not correspond to the axial positions occupied by these components on the fully constructed camshaft.

Abstract: An eight cylinder engine includes cylinders that are fired at intervals corresponding to a crank angle of 90 degrees. The firing is conducted in four cylinders of each of first and second banks at uneven intervals. In a pair of cylinders of each of the banks in which the firing is consecutively conducted at an interval corresponding to a crank angle of 90 degrees, a central angle of an exhaust cam provided for one cylinder in which the firing is conducted later is larger than that of an exhaust cam provided for the other cylinder. In a pair of cylinders of each of the banks in which the firing is consecutively conducted at an interval corresponding to a crank angle of 270 degrees, a central angle of an exhaust cam provided for one cylinder in which the firing is conducted later is larger than that of an exhaust cam provided for the other cylinder.

Abstract: A rocker base is disclosed for use with a valve actuation system. The rocker base may have a housing with a top, a bottom, side walls connecting the top to the bottom, and end walls disposed between the side walls. The rocker base may also have rocker arm supports located inside the housing and integrally formed with the side walls, and an injector spring pad extending from one of the end walls toward a center of the housing. The rocker base may further have a rib connecting the injector spring pad to one of the rocker arm supports.

Abstract: The burner (1) of a gas turbine includes a duct (2) which houses four vortex generators (3) and a lance (7) that carries one or more nozzles (8) for injecting a fuel within the duct (2). The lance (7) extends from one of the vortex generators (3).

Abstract: The present invention provides a nitrided steel member and manufacturing method thereof. the nitrided steel member including: an iron nitride compound layer formed on a surface of a steel member made of carbon steel for machine structural use or alloy steel for machine structural use, in which with regard to X-ray diffraction peak intensity IFe4N (111) of the (111) crystal plane of Fe4N and X-ray diffraction peak intensity IFe3N (111) of the (111) crystal plane of Fe3N obtained by measuring a surface of the nitrided steel member by X-ray diffraction, an intensity ratio represented by IFe4N(111)/{IFe4N (111)+IFe3N (111)} is 0.5 or more, and a thickness of the iron nitride compound layer is 2 to 17 ?m.

Abstract: A cam bearing lubrication structure for an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head having a cam bearing region, a plug hole for an ignition plug and a plug tube fitted liquid-tight therein. The cam bearing lubrication structure includes an outer periphery oil path bypassing along an outer peripheral face of the plug tube, a main lubricating oil passage extending through the plug hole and formed to connect to the outer periphery oil path and a guide passage formed in and through the cam bearing region to connect a sliding face of the cam bearing region from the outer periphery oil path and supplying lubricating oil to a sliding face of the cam bearing region and a camshaft. In addition, a lubricating oil supplying structure is provided for a valve apparatus for further increasing the oil supply amount to achieve a further increase in the speed of the engine.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having an idle gear that transmits power received from a crankshaft to valve train systems, an idle shaft that rotatably supports the idle gear, and an outer cover that covers a crankcase from a lateral side, a valve train system drive mechanism includes a crankcase-side boss part is formed on a sidewall of the crankcase, which supports one end of the idle shaft. The drive mechanism also includes a case-cover-side boss part that is formed on the outer cover and supports the other end of the idle shaft. A cover-side joint part and a shaft-side joint part are formed at the case-cover-side boss part and the other end of the idle shaft, respectively, and engagement of the joint parts with each other precludes the idle shaft from rotating.

Abstract: A lower cam housing is formed to be a separate body from a cylinder head and the lower cam housing is arranged at a joint surface of the cylinder head, a first upper oil passage reaching from an oil entry passage to the joint surface is formed inside the cylinder head and an upstream end of the first upper oil passage is opened at the joint surface, and a second upper oil passage through which the oil reaches to the joint surface via an upper side than the joint surface is formed in the lower cam housing, where an upstream end of the second upper oil passage is in communication with the oil entry passage side at the joint surface, and a downstream end of the second upper oil passage is in communication with the first upper oil passage at the joint surface.

Abstract: In a cam housing structure for a three-dimensional cam including: plural intake side supporting parts rotatably supporting an intake side camshaft from above; and plural exhaust side supporting parts rotatably supporting an exhaust side camshaft from above at an upper part of a cylinder head, any one of the supporting parts of the intake side supporting parts or the exhaust side supporting parts is coupled to two or more pieces of the other supporting parts via reinforcing members.

Abstract: The present invention provides a timing chain drive device which has high mechanical strength of the timing chain contact surface and small sliding resistance, and which, even when being brought into contact with a timing chain running at high speed, is difficult to wear. A first chain guide and a second chain guide, which give tension to a timing chain so as to prevent the timing chain from being slackened, are arranged, and a plurality of rollers, each of which is supported by a rolling element, are arrayed in each of the first chain guide and the second chain guide so as to be brought into contact with the timing chain.

Abstract: A valve assembly is provided herein. The valve assembly may include a valve stem coupled to a coil spring and an impact dampening tappet partially enclosing the spring and valve stem and in contact with a cam, the impact dampening tappet including an exterior metal layer having a cam contacting surface and an interior elastomeric layer traversing at least a portion of the interior surface of the exterior metal layer.

Abstract: A method for joining structural elements onto a shaft may include generating at least one projection at a respective joining position on the shaft, sliding at least one of the structural elements over at least one projection and maintaining the structural elements in at least on projection.

Abstract: A cylinder head of an internal combustion engine comprises a camshaft that is mounted in the axial direction via at least one rolling bearing, wherein the at least one rolling bearing may be formed such that all occurring axial forces may be absorbed via the at least one rolling bearing.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for varying valve timing in a V-engine. In one embodiment, a method for an engine comprises pivoting a first cam follower for a first cylinder of a first bank and a second cam follower for a second cylinder of a second bank about a rotatable pivot shaft, driving the first cam follower and the second cam follower with a camshaft to operate a respective first valve of the first cylinder and a second valve of the second cylinder, and rotating the pivot shaft to vary a valve timing of the first cylinder and the second cylinder.

Abstract: An engine assembly includes an engine block having a first bank defining a first cylinder bore and a second bank defining a second cylinder bore. A first cylinder head is coupled to the first bank and defines first and second ports in communication with the first cylinder bore. A second cylinder head is coupled to the second bank and defines a third port in communication with the second cylinder bore. A first valve is located in the first port and engaged with a first valve lift mechanism, a second valve is located in the second port and engaged with a second valve lift mechanism, and a third valve is located in the third port and engaged with a third valve lift mechanism. A first camshaft is engaged with the first and third valve lift mechanisms and a second camshaft is engaged with the second valve lift mechanism.

Abstract: A camshaft may include a shaft with journals that have outer surfaces with a common outer diameter for carrying cages and roller bearings, such as low-friction needle roller bearings, to provide a uniform rolling speed of the rolling members axially along the camshaft.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes, among other things, a backlash adjusting device. An eccentric supporting shaft is disposed in an internal combustion engine so as to be able to be fixed at a predetermined rotational angle position about a central axis. The shaft adjusts an amount of clearance between a pair of gears, and is fitted over a base shaft fixed to the internal combustion engine such that the central axis of the eccentric supporting shaft coincides with an axis of the base shaft. An adjusting portion allows an inner circumference of the eccentric shaft to be fitted over an outer circumference of the base shaft at a predetermined rotational angle position. A fixing portion is configured to fix the eccentric supporting shaft to the base shaft.

Abstract: A camshaft for actuating the gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine. The camshaft includes a camshaft tube, a hydraulic camshaft adjuster, a valve for controlling the hydraulic fluid supplied to the camshaft adjuster and an actuation device, arranged in the interior of the camshaft tube, for actuating the valve. The actuation device is secured against displacement in the axial direction. The camshaft is light-weight and functional elements in addition to the actuation device and optionally the valve can be integrated into the interior of the camshaft. It should furthermore be possible to arrange an oil or vacuum pump at the end of the camshaft opposite the camshaft adjuster, the pump being drivable by the camshaft. The actuation device is designed as an electromagnetic, piezoelectric or electrical actuator and is connected to the camshaft tube such that they rotate together.

Abstract: An exhaust valve control system of an engine includes a first bank including a plurality of cylinders and a second bank including a plurality of cylinder, in which the angle between the exhaust cam profiles of any two cylinders in the first bank is different by a predetermined angle or more from 180°, and the angle between the exhaust cam profiles of any two cylinders in the second bank is different by a predetermined angle or more from 180°.

Abstract: A cylinder head assembly is provided. In one example, the cylinder head assembly includes a cylinder head, a cam cap coupled to the cylinder head having a component port, and a cam cover coupled to the cylinder head. The cylinder head assembly cylinder head assembly further includes a drainage passage including an inlet opening and an outlet extending through an exterior cylinder head surface.

Abstract: A camshaft may include a shaft with journals that have outer surfaces with a common outer diameter for carrying cages and roller bearings, such as low-friction needle roller bearings, to provide a uniform rolling speed of the rolling members axially along the camshaft.

Abstract: The finger follower employs two independent lost motion arms and a coupling device that locks both arms. Stops are provided both for the roller axle and for the arm swing. The axle stop and the end stops for the arm swing are positioned on the arm and the outer sidewall of the inner lever.

Abstract: A rocker arm for engaging a cam is disclosed. An outer arm and inner arm are configured to transfer motion to a valve of an internal combustion engine. A latching mechanism includes a latch, sleeve and orientation member. The sleeve engages the latch and a bore in the inner arm, and also provides an opening for an orientation member used in providing the correct orientation for the latch with respect to the sleeve and the inner arm. The sleeve, latch and inner arm have reference marks used to determine the optimal orientation for the latch.

Abstract: A system for an engine drive that engages a timing band with a first camshaft, a driveshaft and a crankshaft is provided. The system further includes a gear drive including a first gear coupled to the driveshaft and a second gear coupled to a second camshaft. The second camshaft is positioned between the first camshaft and the driveshaft such that the shafts are horizontally coplanar.

Abstract: A system and method for evaluating characteristics of an S-cam are provided. The inventive method includes the step of obtaining angle values and displacement values indicative of an angle of rotation of the S-cam and displacement of a cam follower caused by rotation of a lobe of the S-cam. The method further includes the step of determining a profile for the lobe of the S-cam responsive to the angle values and the displacement values. The method further includes the steps of computing a deviation of the profile from a desired profile for the lobe of the S-cam and determining a rate of change in the deviation of the profile. In addition, the system and method may evaluate characteristics such as the concentricity of the S-cam and power transfer characteristics of the S-cam.

Abstract: A system for an engine drive that engages a timing band with a camshaft and a crankshaft is provided. The system further includes a coupling device that couples the camshaft to another camshaft that is not engaged with the timing band. The coupling device and the camshafts are in such a configuration that the camshafts rotate in opposing directions.

Abstract: A vertical-type air-cooled OHV engine includes a valve operating system and has a shroud guiding cooling air, which is generated by a cooling fan driven by a crankshaft such that the cooling air flows in an up-down direction with respect to a cylinder head. Intake and exhaust valves are arranged respectively on opposite sides of a vertical plane that is parallel to an axis of the crankshaft and that includes an axis of a cylinder bore. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a vertical-type air-cooled OHV engine capable of evenly cooling both of intake and exhaust valves without changing a route of cooling air.

Abstract: A method for the linking of components to hollow shafts, preferably for producing camshafts, is disclosed where the components, especially cam rings, are manufactured so as to generate their function-related contour, that either a hardenable material is used for this purpose which, aside from its elastic deformability, after hardening still has a permissible plastic deformability of minor extent; or that subsequently the surface of the components, particularly the contact face of the cams, is subjected to a surface-hardening process. These components together with the hollow shaft to be deformed are placed into an IHPF tool in a manner to suit the respective function, and that in a second process step through the application of the IHPF process and due to the internal pressure exerted the components are joined to the hollow shaft in a force- and form-closing manner.

Abstract: A vehicle engine includes: a cylinder head; a cam housing fixed to a top of the cylinder head; a cam cap fixed to a top of the cam housing; a camshaft rotatably supported between the cam housing and the cam cap, the camshaft supporting a cam; a rocker arm configured to be pushed by the cam; and a valve configured to operate by being pushed by the rocker arm; and an oil pipe that is formed integrally with the cam cap. Lubricant oil is supplied through the oil pipe to a contact point between the cam and the rocker arm.

Abstract: A pre-assembled camshaft module for attachment to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head cover, at least one camshaft, and bearing elements to which the camshaft is rotatably mounted. The bearing elements are formed as bearing brackets, which are connected by attachment members to the cylinder head cover at individual attachment points, in order to produce the pre-assembled camshaft module. The camshaft module is connectable to the cylinder head at the attachment points by the attachment members.

Abstract: A switchable roller finger follower for a valvetrain of an internal combustion engine. The switchable roller finger follower includes an elongated body, a cam follower, a locking pin assembly, lost motion springs and a shuttle pad assembly moving horizontally. The locking pin assembly includes a locking pin and hydraulic fluid supply channel, selectively locking and unlocking the shuttle pad assembly, allowing either a high lift or low lift profile to achieve contact with pre-determined profiles of a multi-lobe camshaft which, in turn, provides low lift or high lift operation of an associated gas exchange valve.

Abstract: A switchable finger lever for a valve train of an internal combustion engine is provided, with the finger lever having an inner lever which cooperates at a valve-side end region with a gas exchange valve of the internal combustion engine and is connected at a support-side end region turned away from the valve-side end region pivotally to a support. Outer levers (1a, 1b) connected pivotally to the inner lever are arranged on both sides of the inner lever while being urged against the inner lever in a pivoting direction through a spring and being capable of being coupled to the inner lever through a coupling element. The outer levers (1a, 1b) are configured with an identical structure and each outer lever (1a, 1b) is configured symmetrically to the longitudinal lever axis (2).

Abstract: An engine assembly may include an engine structure, a first camshaft housing assembly and a first camshaft assembly. The first camshaft housing assembly may be supported by the engine structure and have a first portion providing a first plurality of bearing support surfaces on a first side and a second portion coupled to the first portion and providing a second plurality of bearing support surfaces on a second side opposite the first side. The first camshaft assembly may be rotationally supported by the first camshaft housing assembly and arranged between the first portion and second portion.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for assembling a valve operating system for opening and closing a poppet valve mounted on an engine cylinder head. The valve operating system comprises a camshaft 18 having two coaxial cams 14 and 16 for operating the valve 12, a summation lever 20 coupled to followers 24,26 of the two cams 14 and 16, a control spring 40 acting on the summation lever 20 to urge one of the cam followers 26 into contact with the associated cam 16, and a valve actuating rocker 30 pivotably connected to the summation lever 20 and acting on the valve 12 to open and close the valve in dependence upon the sum of the instantaneous lifts of the two cams 14 and 16.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine includes a casting having a number of camshaft support bulkheads. Each of the support bulkheads has a portion of a parent bore bearing for mounting a camshaft. A bulkhead thrust surface is formed in an outer surface of at least one of the support bulkheads. A camshaft is rotatably mounted upon the support bulkheads. The camshaft has at least one thrust bearing member abutting a bulkhead thrust surface which is provided with lubricating oil by means of a radially extending, surface-piercing lubricant distribution channel formed in the bulkhead thrust surface, such that oil flowing in the parent bearing will be caused to be deposited upon the bulkhead thrust surface as well as upon the camshaft thrust surface.