Abstract: A self-heating container includes a first substance and a second substance that are adapted to produce an exothermic reaction upon contact with each other, a soluble material between the first substance and the second substance, a frangible membrane physically separating the second substance from the soluble material, and a means for rupturing the frangible membrane.

Abstract: In one embodiment, sheathed thermite rods are provided. For instance, a sheathed thermite rod may comprise a mixture of thermite within an outer casing, such as an aluminum tube, that adds rigidity and allows for better continuity of a burn across breaks in the thermite rod. The sheathing also allows for manufacture of the thermite rods to have reduced drying period, increasing speed of production. In another embodiment, tablet-based thermite rods are provided. A thermite tablet rod herein may comprise a series of inline thermite tablets contained within an outer casing. The tablets may be consecutively adjacent to one another along the length of the outer casing, and substantially conforming to the interior cross section of the outer casing, where the tablets are adjoined by pressure, an adhesive, and/or a burn continuance material.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed that relate to sealing a heat pipe. One example provides a heat pipe including a heat pipe body having a sealed end at which opposing interior surfaces of the heat pipe body are joined, a sealant located in a least a portion of the sealed end of the heat pipe body between the opposing interior surface, the sealant having a higher oxygen transport rate than the heat pipe body, and a permanent seal forming an outer surface of the sealed end.

Abstract: A thermal energy storage apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may include a base and fluid flow plates which cooperate with the base to define a cavity; a phase change material contained within the cavity; an external seed crystal reservoir trigger assembly at least partially positioned within the phase change material; and end plates which cooperate with the fluid flow plates to define fluid flow channels. The apparatus may include a housing that holds a heat exchanger and phase change material. Inlet and outlet ports allow for the ingress and egress of a heat exchange fluid into the fluid flow channels or heat exchanger.

Abstract: Heat transfer/storage fluids that are resistant to oxidation in air at elevated temperatures, and systems that utilize such heat transfer/storage fluids, for example, as part of a concentrating solar power (CSP) system or other electricity-generating systems. The heat transfer/storage fluid is a molten chloride solution comprising two or more chlorides selected from the group consisting of CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, NaCl, and KCl.

Abstract: Disclosed are disposable containers, such as a stand-up pouch, for heating food in a microwave oven and while automatically dispensing sauce onto the food. Methods and apparatuses for making sauce packets and disposable containers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A unibody heater module is disclosed having an end cap and a base, wherein the base of the heater canister is filled with a solid-state reaction mixture. Twist-to-activate heater starting functionality is embedded directly into the unibody heater module. A reactive starting pellet is embedded into the upper surface of the compacted solid-state reaction mix. The plunger head of a firing pin passing through the center of an internal metal spacer is held a small distance away from the upper surface of the starting pellet. When the user activated CUI is rotated, the base of a cam pushes on one end of a firing pin protruding through a small hole in the end cap of the unibody heater module. The opposite end of the plunger plunges into the starter pellet so as to initiate heater activation in response to operation of the CUI by the user.

Abstract: An interactive enthalpy exchange system for infant care includes a pouch for receiving an infant, and a heat source arranged in the pouch. The heat source includes a first heat source and a second heat source different from the first heat source. Control circuitry is operatively coupled to the heat source, the control circuitry configured to control interactive enthalpy between the first heat source and the second heat source to maintain a temperature within the pouch at a prescribed temperature.

Abstract: The formula of the flameless automatic food heating agent comprises 1 to 5 parts of aluminum powder, 3 to 10 parts of carbon powder, 5 to 25 parts of magnesium powder, 10 to 25 parts of iron powder and 1 to 5 parts of anticoagulant. The preparing of the flameless automatic food heating agent bags (3) comprises the following steps: placing two pieces of food heating agent bags (3) in two sides of a sealed food packaging (2) before putting into a water-proof heating bag (1); adding water into the water-proof heating bag (1) to let food heating agent bags (3) to absorb water; bending an opening side of the water-proof heating bag (1) to seal the opening side; vaporizing water in the water-proof heating bag (1); placing the water-proof heating bag (1) for 10 to 15 minutes; heating food in the sealed food packaging (2) to 60° C. to 80° C.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, system includes transmitter, pump, controller, tank and thermal storage. Pump circulates water through the transmitter. Controller drives the pump, circulates the water while the transmitter is operating, and stops the circulation of the water at a time of a stop of the transmitter. Tank stores the water circulated through the transmitter, and supplies the water to the pump. Thermal storage is provided on a surface of the tank, and stores waste heat of the exothermic part of the transmitter, which was taken in the water via the tank. Thermal storage changes in phase if a temperature of the water in the tank lowers to a predetermined temperature or below, and heats the water by latent heat which occurs.

Abstract: A reduced pressure device includes a dressing and a reactor. The dressing covers a dressing site and defines an enclosed volume beneath the dressing and around the dressing site. The reactor is disposed with respect to the dressing so as to produce a reduced pressure beneath the dressing when activated. The reactor includes a reducing agent and an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution is configured to be selectively delivered to the reducing agent, and the reactor begins to react with at least one selected gas in the enclosed volume after the electrolyte solution is delivered to the reducing agent to consume the at least one selected gas within the enclosed volume.

Abstract: Provided is an ice melt device comprising ice melt product and a casing having one or more compartments containing the melt product. The casing is configured to provide access to the ice melt product by external ice and/or moisture. The casing can be elongate and take the form of an ice melt strip. The ice melt device can be applied in an ice formation area before ice formation as an ice formation prevention strategy and/or the ice melt device be applied directly on ice in the ice formation area as an ice removal strategy.

Abstract: An economical dual modality system can be manufactured and used in a method including the steps of assembling a system including a durable energy subsystem and a replaceable thermal subsystem, activating the replaceable thermal subsystem, attaching the system to a desired treatment area of a user's body, and activating the durable energy subsystem. The durable energy subsystem is arranged and configured to deliver energy, and the replaceable thermal subsystem is arranged and configured to be coupled to the durable energy subsystem arranged and configured to deliver thermal energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a foundation element in the ground and to a method for producing the foundation element which is formed of a hardenable mass, wherein, prior to hardening, at least one heat exchanger element is inserted. According to the invention a transition region towards the surrounding ground is provided, in which the foundation element is formed of crushed ground material of the surrounding ground with a hardening suspension.

Abstract: A chemical reaction heating system includes a valved mask to capture and direct carbon dioxide from a user's exhaled breath into a tube or air intake chamber, a connecting mechanism to attach and control flow of carbon dioxide stored within prefilled carbon dioxide gas cartridges or containers, a heating system device body, an intake chamber or tube to facilitate the introduction of carbon dioxide enriched air into the system, a canister body containing Group IA and IIA metal hydroxides, a heat-radiating element to direct the heat generated within the heating system device body, and an exhaust element to release the heat generated. The system performs a chemical reaction operation between carbon dioxide and Group IA and IIA metal hydroxides to create an exothermic heat reaction that achieves the ability to heat spaces and objects.

Abstract: The following description relates generally to self-heated consumer spa products heated by means of a prolonged exothermic chemical reaction for various therapeutic and/or spa applications for applying heat to portions of a person's body.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for use with an athletic device having a shaft and a plurality of hand holding locations associated with portions of the shaft. The heating apparatus comprises a removable self-contained module configured to be received within an athletic device shaft and to emit heat to at least two hand-holding locations of the athletic device shaft. The self-contained module comprises a plurality of heating elements configured to emit heat to the at least two hand-holding locations. The self-contained module further comprises a power source connected to supply electrical power to the plurality of heating elements. A user-operable control is coupled to the power source and configured to selectively power on and regulate the heat released from the heating elements.

Abstract: A rail welding crucible and cap with burner-ignited reaction starter mix has a cap, an igniter core, and a crucible. The igniter core is a mixture of material that can be ignited by an oxygen/propane gas rail-preheating burner and forms the reaction starter mix for an aluminothermic reaction. The cap is mounted over the crucible and used to hold the igniter core in a desired position. A core-receiving hole traverses through the cap, from a first face to a second face. The igniter core is mounted within the core-receiving hole so that the igniter core can flow into a reaction cavity of the crucible. The reaction cavity is a receptacle within the crucible which serves as a temporary holder for a quantity of rail-bonding material that undergoes the aluminothermic reaction. The quantity of rail-bonding material becomes molten and flow onto the joint once the aluminothermic reaction reaches a desired phase.

Abstract: Provided with a discharge container that is easy to produce and maintains a constant discharge rate per unit time from the beginning to the end. This discharge container is provided with a bottle, a valve assembly configured to close an opening of the bottle and having a valve mechanism, and a pressure regulating mechanism accommodated in the bottle and configured to regulate the internal pressure of the bottle. The pressure regulating mechanism is attached to the lower end of the valve assembly.

Abstract: An embodiment of a submersible warming garment comprises a closed fluid loop including a warming conduit disposed in thermal communication with a chamber containing a catalyst and a cooling conduit disposed within a wearable garment. A pump moves the fluid through the warming conduit, where heat is gained, to the cooling conduit, where heat is surrendered to a human wearing the garment, and back to the pump. An actuated valve on a container of fuel and an actuated valve on a container of oxygen are controlled using a controller to provide a combustible mixture into the chamber where the mixture reacts in the presence of a catalytic member to generate heat and combustion by-products. The combustion by-products, including carbon dioxide and water, are one of adsorbed and absorbed by a carbon dioxide scrubber and a reusable water storage medium. A fan moves the by-products into the scrubber and water storage medium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are for coating a field joint of a pipeline. The method includes positioning a mold tool around the field joint to define a mold cavity, positioning an insert to lie within the mold cavity, and injecting plastics material into the mold cavity to embed the insert in the plastics material. The apparatus has a mold tool positionable around the field joint to define a mold cavity, and an insert positionable within the mold cavity to be embedded in plastics material injected into the mold cavity. Use of an insert in this way reduces the volume of the molten thermoplastics material required to coat the field joint, thereby increasing the interface area of the melt relative to its volume, to the benefit of cooling time.

Abstract: An endoscope defogging and pre-heating device includes a bag including a first seal line and first and second chambers defined at an opposite lateral sides relative to the first seal line, a heat storage/release material flowing between the first chamber and the second chamber for storing/releasing heat energy, a fixation device for securing the bag in a folded status to hold the endoscope to be pre-heated between the first and second chambers, and an actuator bendable to generate oscillation waves for causing the heat storage/release material to produce a temperature rise and then to release heat for pre-heating the loaded endoscope to about 98° F.˜138° F.

Abstract: Improved thermal energy storage materials, devices and systems employing the same and related methods. The thermal energy storage material may be employed in a heater module capable of generating and storing heat. The thermal energy storage materials may include a phase change material that includes a metal-containing compound. The thermal energy storage materials may be encapsulated. Preferably the heater module includes an electric heater and/or a fan.

Abstract: An actively heated or cooled portable container is provided. The container has a portable body with a receiving portion defined by an inner wall that receives a liquid. A heating and cooling system housed in the portable body has a cooling element in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner wall to remove heat from the liquid. The heating and cooling system also has a heating element in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner wall, control circuitry to control the operation of the heating element and one or more power storage elements to provide electrical energy to the heating element and/or control circuitry. The control circuitry controls the heating element to add heat to the liquid in the receiving portion to maintain the temperature of the liquid at a predetermined temperature or increase the temperature of the liquid above said predetermined temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating and cooling a working fluid (2) using at least one thermochemical heat accumulator medium (3), wherein the working fluid (2) is guided through at least one thermochemical heat accumulator (6) comprising the heat accumulator medium (3), wherein the working fluid (2) is guided without contact to the heat accumulator medium (3), wherein upon charging of the heat accumulator medium (3) a heat flow (Q) is transferred from the working fluid (2) to the heat accumulator medium (3) and at least one substance (15) is released from the heat accumulator medium (3) and discharged from the heat accumulator (6), and wherein upon discharging of the heat accumulator medium (3) the substance (15) is fed with release of heat to the heat accumulator medium (3) or at least to a reaction product of the heat accumulator medium (3) that was produced during charging of the heat accumulator medium (3), and a heat flow (Q) is transferred to the working fluid (2).

Abstract: A heating element (10) comprises an exothermic layer (11) containing an oxidizable metal, a water absorption agent and water and a water-retention layer (12) having a water absorption sheet (102), the exothermic layer (11) and the water-retention layer (12) are in layers, in which the mass ratio of the content of the water absorption agent is from 0.3 to 20 parts by mass for 100 parts by mass of the oxidizable metal, mass ratio of content of water to the content of the water absorption agent in the exothermic layer (11) (water/water absorption agent) is from 0.8 to 13, and the content of water contained in the water-retention layer (12) is from 10 to 45 mass % of the maximum water absorption of said water-retention layer (12).

Abstract: A heat transfer medium is used in solar thermal power plants. The heat transfer medium can reversibly absorb and release water. The heat transfer medium releases water during heating and releases heat during re-absorption of the water.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a liquid includes: a mixing chamber; dispensing means; an electronic control device linked to the dispensing means; one or more pumps; a heat exchanger; one or more monitoring stations being arranged to communicate with the electronic control device; a waste outlet; and a second heat exchanger, wherein the mixing chamber, heat exchanger and the one or more monitoring stations are connected so as to form a loop; and wherein the electronic control device is programmed to cause reaction mixture to be circulated around the loop at least twice, and optionally to cause the dispensing means to dispense further metered amounts of first and/or second chemical reactants into the mixing chamber; and/or to cause a proportion of reaction mixture to be ejected through the waste outlet, in order to control the temperature of the reaction mixture passing through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A pouch for internal mixture of segregated reactants includes an outer containment envelope with a sealed reactant compartment inside. A middle shear strip and two outer strips, together defining two shear lines, are connected to the reactant compartment. The outer strips are folded under the reactant compartment with their tips anchored to the containment envelope. The middle strip extends away from the reactant compartment and through a slit in the containment envelope. Pulling on the middle strip causes the shear lines to lengthen until the reactant compartment is shorn open to release a reactant. A permeable second reactant compartment containing a second reactant may also be disposed inside the containment envelope, and may include a slit through which the middle strip passes. The reaction in the pouch may be exothermic and the pouch may be applied to any object to be heated such as a wet wipes dispenser.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an exsanguination preventing device includes a collection container having an inlet configured to receive blood from a patient and an outlet configured to discharge the blood; a pump operatively coupled to the collection container; a conduit fluidly coupled to the collection container, which receives the blood from the collection container, the blood being moved by the pump; and an insertion device, which delivers the blood from the conduit to a bodily part of the patient. The collection container is configured to be sealingly coupled to a wound on the patient and air entrapped within the exsanguination preventing device is removed by an air removal system, such to prevent unwanted discharge of air into the bodily part of the patient. All the components of the exsanguination preventing device are sized such to make it portable in a pocket of a garment or backpack of a soldier.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method for transporting a pathogen under ambient conditions, by culturing the pathogen with an amoeba under conditions that favor the incorporation of the pathogen into a trophozoite, starving the amoeba until it encysts, then culturing under conditions that favor conversion of the amoeba back to a trophozoite. In one aspect, the conditions that favor incorporation of the pathogen into the cyst of the amoeba comprises contacting the pathogen with the amoeba in an iron rich environment. Virus and/or bacteria are pathogens that can be transported by the disclosed method. Amoeba that are useful in the disclosed methods include, without limitation Acanthamoeba castellanii, Hartmannella vermiformis and Naegleria gruberi.

Abstract: An Epicatalytic Thermal Diode (ETD) includes one or more ETD cells. Each cell comprises first and second surfaces with a cavity between them, which contains a gas that is epicatalytically active with respect to the pair of surfaces. The surfaces chemically interact with the gas such that the gas dissociates at a faster rate proximate to the first surface than it does proximate to the second surface. Thus, a steady-state temperature differential between the first surface and the second surface is created and maintained. In various applications, multiple ETD cells are connected in series and/or parallel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO2 reformers whereby a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention does not make use of fuel cells as its critical component but makes use of highly exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce large amounts of heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. A New Concept for a duplex kiln was developed that has the combined functionality of steam/CO2 reforming, heat transfer, solids removal, filtration, and heat recovery.

Abstract: A heater in a housing with an opening. The heater reacts with oxygen to produce heat and upon consumption of the oxygen, the heating reaction stops and can be restarted at a later point in time upon the introduction of additional oxygen and is used in a package for heating pre-moistened substrates such as sanitary wipes, and the like.

Abstract: Heating units, drug supply units and drug delivery articles capable of rapid heating are disclosed. Heating units comprising a substrate and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation reaction disposed within the substrate are disclosed. These heating units can be actuated by electrical resistance, by optical ignition or by percussion. Drug supply units and drug delivery articles wherein a solid fuel is configured to heat a substrate to a temperature sufficient to rapidly thermally vaporize a drug disposed thereon are also disclosed.

Abstract: A Hydrogen ThermoCell that generates heat energy through the disassociation and recombination of hydrogen and or the reaction between atomic hydrogen and metal powder and or the reaction between atomic hydrogen, one or more metal powders and or one or more catalysis to accelerate an exothermal reaction. The Hydrogen ThermoCell uses pressure and heat to initiate, operate, sustain and or control the Hydrogen ThremoCell reaction. The heat from said device can be applied to a wide variety of applications including the production of heat, electricity, steam, electrolysis, and other applications derived from a heat source.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a supply of a heated fluid, which method comprises passing the fluid through a heat exchanger unit where it is heated by a heat source; characterised in that the heat source derives heat from the exothermic reaction of two or more chemical reactants. The chemical reactants are preferably an acid and a base.

Abstract: A process of and system for sequestering carbon (CO2) produced in coal and gas burning hydrogen production plants, resulting in the production of hydrogen at current market prices or less without carbon emission.

Abstract: A self-heating food container configured to hold food and to heat food within the container is provided. The container includes a body wall. A space is defined within the body wall. A chemical heater is located within the space, which upon activation, is configured to generate heat, thereby increasing the temperature of the contents cavity.

Abstract: An Epicatalytic Thermal Diode (ETD) includes one or more ETD cells. Each cell comprises first and second surfaces with a cavity between them, which contains a gas that is epicatalytically active with respect to the pair of surfaces. The surfaces chemically interact with the gas such that the gas dissociates at a faster rate proximate to the first surface than it does proximate to the second surface. Thus, a steady-state temperature differential between the first surface and the second surface is created and maintained. In various applications, multiple ETD cells are connected in series and/or parallel.

Abstract: Provided is a superior heating tool which is capable of producing desired aromatic properties upon usage even after being stored for a long period of time. A heating tool comprising: an exothermic composition containing an oxidation accelerator having an iodine adsorption of not higher than 500 mg/g, an oxidizable metal powder, and water; and a fragrance, wherein at least the exothermic composition is housed in a container bag having air permeability.

Abstract: Self-heating containers comprise a reaction chamber and a heating chamber. The heating chamber is sized to contain a substance to be heated. The reaction chamber contains reactants which, when contacted, exothermically react. The reaction chamber is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment with a barrier therebetween. The barrier comprises a first barrier portion and a second barrier portion. The first barrier portion is attached to a reaction chamber wall and has an opening sized to allow reactants to flow through from one compartment to the other. The second barrier portion is attached to the first barrier portion to close the opening. The barrier can be opened by moving an actuator into engagement with the second barrier portion to dislodge the second barrier portion from the first barrier portion and thereby open the barrier.

Abstract: An improved refrigeration and heating system comprising a thermochemical device, and a mobile service cart. The thermochemical device is capable of refrigerating or cooling the ambient air due to an internal chemical process. This same chemical process also produces a significant amount of heat as a by-product which, if left alone, would normally be vented or released in to the atmosphere and become lost. However because the theremochemical device is disposed at the center of the cart, the heat which is generated by the cooling process is retained and utilized to provide a separate heating area within the cart. This allows the current system to operate as a closed loop, meaning that the cart and thermochemical device work in conjunction to form a self-sustaining hot and cold storage area with very little maintenance or input from a user.

Abstract: An aircraft ice protection system includes a heating substrate with a coating in intimate thermal contact with the heating substrate. The thermal effusivities of the heating substrate and the coating are different from one another for interference of thermal waves reflected from the coating with thermal waves generated in the heating substrate. A pulse generator can be operatively connected to the heating substrate to convert pulsed electrical power from the pulse generator into thermal energy for ice removal or prevention.

Abstract: A reaction material formed body into which a reaction material reacting with a reaction medium to store or release heat is formed includes first and second opposite surfaces and multiple heat transfer enhancing members extending at least from the first surface to the second surface. At least two or more of the heat transfer enhancing members are oriented in a predetermined single direction.

Abstract: A package may include a first side having a first receiving space; and a second side with a second receiving space. The first receiving space and the second receiving space are separated by a separation layer, so a first object disposed in the first receiving space does not interfere with a second object disposed on the second receiving space, and wherein the second receiving space also includes a second separation layer to further assure that the second object in the second receiving space does not interfere with the first object in the first receiving space. In one embodiment, the first object is a facial mask and the second object is a heating material. In another embodiment, the first object is a facial mask and the second object is a coolant.

Abstract: An apparatus for lighting an oxygen candle within a drum and for sealing the drum of an oxygen candle furnace. The apparatus includes a housing member for positioning the ignition assembly on a lid of the drum. The housing member having an upper portion, a lower portion and a borehole extending through the upper and lower portions. An ignition nail is placed in the borehole and housing member is structured to hold prevent the ignition nail from moving laterally, and to automatically align the nail with the oxygen candle within the drum.

Abstract: A diptube apparatus for a flameless thermal oxidizer having a matrix bed of media including a vent gas stream conduit at least partially positioned within the matrix bed for delivering a vent gas stream; an oxidizing agent conduit separate from the vent gas stream conduit and at least partially positioned within the matrix bed for delivering oxidizing agents; and at least one mixing conduit positioned within the matrix bed and configured to receive the vent gas stream and the oxidizing agents to deliver a combination of the vent gas stream and the oxidizing agents into the matrix bed. A related method and flameless thermal oxidizer are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to carriers that may simultaneously carry and warm receptacles of food products or other goods (e.g., baby wipes) and methods of the same. More particularly, embodiments relate generally to carriers that respectively comprise a body and a heating element. The body comprises a pouch that is configured to receive a receptacle containing a food product or other good and a heating element configured to perform an exothermic reaction to heat the same without the aid of an electric power source. The pouch comprises thermal insulation to enhance the heat-retention capabilities thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for warming substances comprising a container, said container including a first compartment containing a substance that reacts exothermically with water, a second compartment containing water, wherein said second compartment is attached to said first compartment by a valve, and a third compartment, wherein at least 50% of the third compartment's volume is surrounded by said first compartment, and wherein said first and third compartments are separated by a thermally conductive wall. In a preferred embodiment, the substance that reacts exothermically with water is an anhydrous zeolite.