Abstract: A heat transfer system includes a steam chamber that communicates in an open-loop arrangement with a first steam source for supplying steam to the steam chamber, the steam chamber including a steam exit for supplying steam to air at atmospheric pressure. A heat transfer tube communicates in a closed-loop arrangement with a second steam source for supplying steam to an interior surface of the heat transfer tube, the heat transfer tube vaporizing condensate forming within the heat transfer system back to steam that is supplied to the air via the steam exit. The outer surface of the heat transfer tube is configured to contact the condensate and vaporize the condensate back into steam, wherein the heat transfer tube includes a plurality of pockets formed on the outer surface of the tube, each pocket including a pocket exit/entry portion having a smaller cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the pocket at a root portion thereof adjacent the outer surface of the tube.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and devices for controlling the amount of water passing through a heat exchanger and the amount of water that by-passes the heater without passing through the heat exchanger. In some embodiments, the system includes a by-pass valve assembly having means for sensing a time-varying characteristic of fluid adjacent the inlet, means for sensing a time-varying characteristic of fluid adjacent the outlet, and a valve that alters the amount of fluid by-passing the fluid heater in response to differences in the time-varying characteristic of fluid adjacent the inlet and fluid adjacent the outlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a panel radiator comprising a rectangular steam generation unit having a combustion unit and a heat exchange unit at the lower part thereof, characterized in that the left and right introduction pipes, each having one end coupled with the steam introduction unit, are coupled with the steam introduction unit of a radiation panel body, and a heat pipe is constituted by reducing the pressure at the steam generation unit and the panel body, whereby a small panel radiator integrated with a heating source and capable of transporting heat efficiently from a heating source to a heat radiating unit utilizing the heat pipe principle is provided thereby.

Abstract: Frying apparatus for frying food, such as French fries, vegetables, bakery goods, meat fish, poultry and the like, in a heated fluid contained in a fry pot. The fluid is heated by a combustion burner that has a heat exchanger removably disposed in the heating fluid. When removed from the fluid, the heat exchanger and the fry pot can be easily cleaned. The air and/or gas is injected into the combustion chamber so as to provide an air gas ratio that supports clean combustion. A control monitors various temperatures and other parameters at various locations of the frying apparatus to control the efficiency of the frying apparatus to approximate a predetermined efficiency by altering the air/gas ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid heating apparatus which can obtain a sufficient heat efficiency by making large a heating surface area by a combustion gas flowing through an exhaust pipe located in a liquid bath. In a liquid heating apparatus which includes: a liquid bath; a combustion chamber which is provided with a burner, and is formed at one side on a lower portion of the liquid bath; and an exhaust pipe which is located in a substantially horizontal state at an intermediate portion of the liquid bath, and extends from one side of the liquid bath toward the other side thereof, and which heats a liquid in the liquid bath bypassing a combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber into the exhaust pipe, a fin is integrally located on an inner surface of the exhaust pipe along a longitudinal direction thereof.