Abstract: Disclosed are packages including transparent containers such as bottles and jars comprising a coating that reduces transmission of light through the container. The containers further comprise a product viewing area or window through which the product is visible to a consumer or purchaser. The containers are disclosed as being useful for protecting photo-sensitive products while allowing the color of those products to be displayed to the user.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition includes ABS resin; and Nano silver antimicrobial agent. The weight ratio between ABS resin and Nano silver anti-bacterial agent can be about 200:1. An antimicrobial artificial nail product includes a nail body that includes the antimicrobial composition. The nail body has a front side and a back side; and an adhesive layer may be applied on the back side of the nail body, which including a front side and a back side. A protective layer may be applied on the back side of the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer can be in the middle of the back side of the artificial nail body.

Abstract: A disposable nail polish removing device 12 for removing nail polish and other debris from a finger or toe nail. The nail polish removing device 12 is generally spherical and has one or more indentations 18 for grasping the device. One or more operational areas 24, 26 on the remaining surface 22 of the device may be used to facilitate the absorption and application of a cleaning fluid when one of the operational areas is juxtaposed with a finger or toe nail. The nail polish removing device 12 may be a sponge.

Abstract: There is provided a nail enamel strip having a substrate layer and a nail enamel film with one or more nail enamel layers, at least one of the nail enamel layers having a cross-linked polymer. The nail enamel film is detachably adhered to the substrate layer. Further, there is provided a method for making the nail enamel strips, and a method of applying the nail enamel strip on a nail.

Abstract: An artificial nail or tip arrangement and method of making the same are provided. The arrangement includes a body having a concave lower surface with a shape corresponding to a natural nail. The arrangement also includes an adhesive layer having a first surface and an opposing second surface. The first surface adheres to the concave lower surface of the body and the second surface is provided to adhere to the natural nail when applied thereto. The arrangement further includes a removable layer that covers the second surface of the adhesive layer, and which is removable to expose the second surface of the adhesive layer for application to the natural nail. The removable layer is provided with a plurality of slits so that a surface of the removable layer remains smooth after adherence of the first surface of the adhesive layer with the concave lower surface of the body.

Abstract: Monophasic energy-curable solvent-free compositions useful for providing decorative nail enhancement are formulated using at least one energy-curable resin and at least one film-former such as a polyester or siloxane. Good adhesion to the nail surface is achieved without the use of a base coat and a top coat is not needed in order to attain an outer surface having acceptable esthetic appearance. The cured composition exhibits good durability and yet can be readily and cleanly removed when desired by soaking briefly in acetone.

Abstract: A preformed artificial nail, a nail kit including such a nail, and a method of forming such a nail, the nail including a nail bed portion formed of a first material and a free edge portion having an upper portion formed of the first material and lower portion formed of a second material disposed subjacent the first material, the free edge portion being adjacent to and distal the nail bed portion, and the first material being comparatively more flexible than the second material. The lower portion of the free edge portion may include a generally uniform thickness or a varied thickness such as a wedge shape, thickening toward the distal edge of the artificial nail.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new paradigm in prefabricated gel nails (also referred to as pre processed) gel nails, that lends itself to the mass production of the nails, in shapes, colors, styles that are close to finished, and are configured to enable the nails to be securely attached to finger nail plates applying a UV cured bonding method.

Abstract: A sponge type make-up brush is provided that comprises a handle part having a sponge-receiving portion and a sponge part having a first portion and a second portion, wherein the second portion of the sponge part has a plurality of coating blades each having cutting surfaces. The plurality coating blades are arranged one after another. A thickness of the coating blades is reduced in a direction away from the handle part. The second portion of the sponge includes a plurality of edge line portions and a plurality of valley portions. The edge line portions are formed where cutting surfaces of a coating blade meet each other and each of the plurality of valley portions is formed where a cutting surface of one coating blade meets a cutting surface of a neighboring coating blade.

Abstract: Provided is a one-touch artificial nail including: a nail body coupled to a nail, and an adhesive surface formed at a location facing the nail; a design layer formed by painting an upper portion of the nail body; a double-sided adhesive tape body attached to a lower portion of the nail body and having curved portions where first cutting lines having a linear shape in a vertical direction are formed, and connecting portions formed between the first cutting lines so that the curved portions are not separated; and a release tape detachably coupled to the double-sided adhesive tape body, having a greater area than the double-sided adhesive tape body, and having second cutting lines formed at the same locations as the first cutting lines to pass in the vertical direction, wherein the release tape has a grip protruding from the outer circumference of the release tape and the nail body.

Abstract: A multi-layered foil appliqué for decorating nails is cut from a laminated sheet having the following layers: a first adhesive layer residing on a releasable substrate; a base coat residing on the first adhesive layer; a UV-curable adhesive layer residing on the base coat; a foil layer residing on the UV-curable adhesive layer; and a top coat residing on the foil layer. The foil is applied to the UV-curable adhesive layer by contact between the metallic side of a metallized plastic sheet and the adhesive before the adhesive is cured. The bottom coat and top coat are formed from organic solvent-based nail enamels. Sufficient solvent remains in the appliqué to keep it stretchable before use. Residual solvent evaporates after the appliqué is applied to a user's nail.

Abstract: A device for applying decoration to a nail. The device includes an elongated member having a first end having a mounting feature thereon, the mounting feature configured to maintain the first end of the device in a fixed position, and a generally opposite, free-floating end configured to be coupled to a nail decoration, the free-floating end configured to provide controlled movement of the decoration. The elongated member is configured to inhibit unintentional movement thereof.

Abstract: A dry nail tip appliqué for applying nail enamel to a nail tip. The nail tip appliqué is configured to conform to the size and shape of a respective nail tip and allows for a convenient and neat application of a French-style manicure.

Abstract: Novel radiation curable gel-based mammalian nail coating compositions, kits containing these compositions, and methods of their use are disclosed. The novel compositions and/or kits are useful, inter alia, for providing durable, “soak-off” type nail coatings.

Abstract: Novel radiation curable gel-based mammalian nail coating compositions, kits containing these compositions, and methods of their use are disclosed. The novel compositions and/or kits are useful, inter alia, for providing durable, “soak-off” type nail coatings.

Abstract: The fingernail polish protector includes an adjustable ring portion along with a ventilated protective shield which snaps into the adjustable ring portion. The adjustable ring portion is designed to fit over the distal end of the finger of a wearer whose fingernail has been recently polished such that the ventilated protective portion overlies the fingernail thereby protecting the polish from being damaged while it dries and cures. Ventilation openings allow airflow and can be formed to be both functional and decorative. A positive stop prevents the ventilated protective shield from tilting downward onto a wet nail, while downward curved sides of the shield limit side-to-side movement which also helps prevent damaging newly polished fingernails. A plastic injection molding process allows the two interlocking portions to be formed in various sizes and colors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an article to be applied to the human body, comprising the following steps: digital acquisition of 3D contour data from the region on which the article needs to be applied; producing a mould using the 3D data and a numerical-control manufacturing machine; applying to the mould a coating intended to form the article; and at least partially cutting out the coating to the format of the article.

Abstract: A nail manicure method and kit, comprising applying a protective coating to portions of the surface of a finger or toe nail where the application of nail polish is not desired, optionally manipulating the protective coating into a desired shape, and applying nail polish to regions not covered by the protective coating. Once the nail polish has at least partially dried, the protective coating is removed to reveal a surface of a nail with well defined regions of nail polish and the region covered by the protective coating. The protective coating is used to generate various customized designs by the user. The protective coating is manipulated by pushing or removing portions of the protective coating using a shaping object. The protective coating is removed by peeling or rubbing. The protective coating comprises rubber and water.

Abstract: A glow nail, comprising a nail-shaped glow stick, and said nail-shaped glow stick consists of a finger nail shaped glow emitting structure and a finger connecting structure. The glow emitting structure and the finger connection are secured together, by a permanent means such as welding, or a removable means such as threading. The nail-shaped glow-emitting structure comprises a finger shaped outer casting with a cavity, a sealed glass tube and two components of chemiluminescent solutions. The chemical components are kept separate until activation by the user. One chemical component is sealed off inside the glass tube and the other component is kept outside of the glass tube but sealed within the cavity of the outer casting, such that the two solutions will react with each other upon mixing caused by the user breaking the glass tube, to start chemiluminescent reaction and emit glow.

Abstract: An apparatus to provide ultra-violet (UV) irradiation to cure a gel nail. The apparatus includes a top section and a bottom section, the top and bottom sections forming a unit with an opening sized to allow at least a portion of a human hand to be inserted. An array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) disposed in the unit to emit UV irradiation in a first direction when supplied with electrical power. At least one LED is disposed in the unit to emit UV irradiation in a second direction when supplied with electrical power. The first direction is approximately perpendicular to the second direction such that fingernails and a thumbnail of a human hand inserted into the opening substantially simultaneously receive amounts of UV irradiation sufficient to cure a UV curable gel applied to the fingernails and the thumbnail at approximately the same time.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adjustable device enabling protection of the edge of a nail and positioning of a stencil on the nail. The adjustable device comprises a first sleeve on a first bar; a second bar attached such that the second bar is non-parallel to the first bar; a second sleeve on a second bar; and a cover attached to the first and second sleeves. The cover is configured to enable a stencil to be positioned under the cover, and configured such that adjustment of the cover is effectuated by sliding of the sleeves in a direction where the first and second bars diverge from each other, causing the cover to flatten and causing the sleeves to rotate, or by sliding of the sleeves in a direction where the first and second bars converge toward each other.

Abstract: A nail appliqué and a method for decorating a natural fingernail or toenail. The nail appliqué generally has a distal end, a proximal end opposite the distal end, a distal decorative portion disposed adjacent the distal end and a proximal decorative portion disposed adjacent the proximal end. The nail appliqué has a length greater than the length of the fingernail or toenail to which the appliqué is to be attached. The distal end has a convex curvature substantially matching the curvature of the cuticle end of the fingernail or toenail to which the appliqué is to be applied and the proximal end has a convex curvature substantially matching the curvature of the distal end such that either the distal end or the proximal end of the appliqué can be applied to the same fingernail or toenail.

Abstract: An injection molded artificial nail is formed by forming a first section using a runner system method, forming a second section using a runner system method and forming a third section by a hot tip gate process. The second and third sections are disposed under the first section. The second section has a second section end and the third section has a third section end adjoining the second section end. The first section forms a top surface of the artificial nail extending from a front distal tip of the artificial nail to a back proximal end of the artificial nail and completely covers the second section and the third section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing plastic nails having a structure preventing parts, transferred patterns, or UV coating layers of plastic nails from falling off by the impact in daily life of a user. The method of manufacturing plastic nails comprises printing at least one pattern on a film belonging to the fore-end of the plastic nail, forming the film on which the above-mentioned pattern is printed in the shape of the fore-end of the plastic nail which is curved, cutting the film formed in the shape of the fore-end to make film members, inserting the above-mentioned film members inside the cavities of the injection mold, and forming main bodies of the plastic nails at the same time of integrating the film members with the main bodies of the plastic nails by injecting synthetic resin into the above-mentioned injection mold and hardening the same.

Abstract: A disposable nail polish removing device 12 for removing nail polish and other debris from a finger or toe nail and at least one methodology 300 which requires the placement of liquid 406 such as nail polish remover, within the formed device 12, effective to allow the contained liquid 406 to be later deposited upon a nail or other surface.

Abstract: Provided is a one-touch artificial nail including: a nail body coupled to a nail, and an adhesive surface formed at a location facing the nail; a design layer formed by painting an upper portion of the nail body; a double-sided adhesive tape body attached to a lower portion of the nail body and having curved portions where first cutting lines having a linear shape in a vertical direction are formed, and connecting portions formed between the first cutting lines so that the curved portions are not separated; and a release tape detachably coupled to the double-sided adhesive tape body, having a greater area than the double-sided adhesive tape body, and having second cutting lines formed at the same locations as the first cutting lines to pass in the vertical direction, wherein the release tape has a grip protruding from the outer circumference of the release tape and the nail body.

Abstract: A system for ridding the working area of a nail salon work station of fumes and nail dust. The system is self-contained within the particular work station and has a vacuum system that draws air in from the area surrounding and proximate the working area to remove the fumes and dust. A fan draws that air into a chamber containing a bag-type, particulate filter that filters out the nail dust. Downstream of the bag-type filter is a fume filter that receives the air from the bag-type filter, having been pressurized by the fan, and provides a filter of the fumes. The air, now having passed through a particulate filter and a fume filter is exhausted into the room at a location remote from the working area. The bag-type filter is inexpensive and readily replaced.

Abstract: A hand grooming station, specifically for nails, which permits a user to paint, polish or otherwise groom his or her fingernails in a comfortable and unobtrusive manner via an elevated ramp while care products are easily recognizable and organized. In addition, the base is formed with a curvature and structural support to provide stability while a lip relates to a raised edge to contain spillage.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to apparatuses and methods for improving sanitary conditions. Certain aspects relate to an apparatus having at least one protrusion for removing visible debris from a nail and at least one nail cleaning region comprising an impregnable material for containing a liquid. In one exemplary embodiment, several nail cleaning elements may be configured to each clean a different nail without cross contaminating any other nail cleaning element on the apparatus. In various exemplary embodiments, the liquid comprises an agent selected from the group consisting of: a biocide agent, moisturizing agent, a cleaning agent, and combinations thereof. Multiple nail cleaning elements may be positioned to permit the simultaneous cleaning of multiple nails without cross-contamination.

Abstract: A packaging and applicator kit may comprise a receptacle containing a substance for application to nails that has a viscosity of at least approximately 0.3 Pa·s. The kit may also comprise at least one applicator configured to be loaded with the substance contained in the receptacle and to apply the substance to nails. The at least one applicator may comprise at least one flexible blade defining an application face.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to apparatuses and methods for improving sanitary conditions. Certain aspects relate to an apparatus having at least one protrusion for removing visible debris from a nail and at least one nail cleaning region comprising an impregnable material for containing a liquid. In one exemplary embodiment, several nail cleaning elements may be configured to each clean a different nail without cross contaminating any other nail cleaning element on the apparatus. In various exemplary embodiments, the liquid comprises an agent selected from the group consisting of: a biocide agent, moisturizing agent, a cleaning agent, and combinations thereof. Multiple nail cleaning elements may be positioned to permit the simultaneous cleaning of multiple nails without cross-contamination.

Abstract: A nail foil application method comprises cleaning a fingernail surface, applying a first coat of nail polish, adhering a nail foil, adhering the nail foil without requiring thermally activated adhesive, heat, friction, heat lamp, blow dryer, or any other heat source, and sealing the nail foil by applying a second coat of nail polish on the nail foil. Further disclosed is a nail foil application system which comprises a nail foil capable of being adhered upon a nail plate, and an adhesive on one side of the nail foil, where the nail foil is made of polyvinylchloride.

Abstract: A method of preparing colored ultraviolet (UV)-curable compositions useful for adornment of natural and artificial nails and artificial nail extensions comprising dispersing a pigment in an organic liquid to form a pigment concentrate, the organic liquid comprised of one or more organic chemicals selected from solvents, ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and ethylenically unsaturated oligomers; and mixing the dispersed pigment concentrate with a radiation-curable nail gel composition comprising one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers, one or more ethylenically unsaturated oligomers, or mixtures thereof, and, optionally, one or more photo accelerators, fillers, inhibitors, plasticizers, non-reactive polymers, adhesion promotors, and/or photoinitiator(s) to form a resultant mixture, wherein if photoinitiator(s) is/are not present in the nail gel composition the photoinitiator(s) is/are added to the resultant mixture of the pigment concentrate and radiation-curable nail gel composition.

Abstract: A fingernail color display system. Holding rods having a fingernail color display element are inserted into a display device. The display device has a side section and a top section. The side section provides support for the top section. The top section has holes arranged in rows. Rod support sections are attached to the underside of the top section so that there are rows of the rod support sections. The holding rods are inserted through the holes and are supported by the rod support sections to display the holding rods so that a rearmost row is higher than a frontmost row. In a preferred embodiment the display device is injection molded. Also preferably the top section is tilted with respect to horizontal and the rod support sections are of equal length. Also preferably the rod support sections include an alignment feature for aligning the holding rods so that the color display element is flush with the front edge of the display device.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for cosmetically disguising an unattractive finger or toe nail area of a negatively affected hand or foot digit by using a temporary, cosmetically appealing covering, by providing a cosmetic nail covering that will simulate the appearance of a nearby normal nail when a suitably sized and shaped cosmetic nail covering is applied to cover the nail area of the affected digit, and both the cosmetic nail covering and the nearby normal nails of the hand or foot are coated by a user with identical user-supplied nail polish. The covering is made from adhesive tape suitable for wrapping around a digit, and a pad sized and shaped to resemble a normal nail for the affected digit when the pad is adhered to the tape. The tape should enable forming a coating that is as smooth, level, and uniformly colored as natural nails when coated by conventional polish.

Abstract: A multi purpose fluid container for an integrated makeup kit, particularly an integrated nail makeup kit, wherein a plurality of varieties of nail polishes, polish applicator brush, nail polish remover solvent, and nail polish remover pads are combined in a size and shape that is easily carried in a modestly sized purse or handbag, but which can quickly and easily be separated into a plurality of conventional nail polish applicator bottles with brush, and a jar containing a plurality of nail polish remover pads saturated with solvent. When separated, the bottles and jar can rest on a flat surface, or be readily held in one's hand, such that the bottles and jar can be used independently of each other, in any sequence or order, without danger of spillage or contamination.

Abstract: An architecture is presented that provides a nail cleaning device designed for cleaning away debris or stains trapped in a user's nail bed. The nail cleaning device comprises a liquid retaining reservoir and a spray nozzle in fluid communication with the reservoir for emitting a liquid stream under a user's fingernails or toenails. The reservoir is typically a cylinder shaped chamber with a hollow interior cavity, and a hose positioned within the cavity to allow water to pass through the cavity from an external water source. The water is emitted from the cavity via a liquid stream from the spray nozzle. The nail cleaning device further comprises a trigger positioned along the reservoir for releasing the liquid stream from the spray nozzle, and a chamber positioned within the reservoir for dispensing soap. The nail cleaning device also comprises an external hose that connects the reservoir to a pressurized water supply.

Abstract: A nail care device includes a covering part, a light-emitting component, and a light-emitting control module. The covering part is configured for covering a tip of a digit of a limb. The light-emitting component is disposed in the covering part in a manner that light emitted by the light-emitting component irradiates a nail on the tip of the digit covered by the covering part. The light-emitting control module is coupled to the light-emitting component and is operable to control operation of the light-emitting component.

Abstract: Nail polish remover strips are pre-sized for toe or fingernails and applied to a painted or artificial nail and left thereon for a predetermined period of time to dissolve the nail polish and/or nail bonding agent. Preferably a color change occurs to depict the appropriate dwelling time to dissolve the nail polish. Certain embodiments include odor reducing components. Preferably the strips are layered composites having an exterior odor impervious material, a layer of encapsulated acetone or nail polish removing agent, an absorbent layer, and a peelable backing, with the strips being curved to accommodate contact with a person's nail.

Abstract: A packaging and applicator kit may comprise a receptacle containing a substance for application to nails that has a viscosity of at least approximately 0.3 Pa·s. The kit may also comprise at least one applicator configured to be loaded with the substance contained in the receptacle and to apply the substance to nails. The at least one applicator may comprise at least one flexible blade defining an application face.

Abstract: A filing strip having a support portion, an abrasive portion, and at least two edge portions is provided. The support portion provides a groove that extends at least partially along a longitudinal axis of the support portion, and has a degree of flexibility sufficient to flexes under pressure applied with the insertion of an end of a human nail into the groove. The abrasive portion is positioned within the groove so as to file the end of the human nail inserted into the groove. The edge portions are positioned at least partially along an upper periphery and a lower periphery of the groove, respectively, to define a depth of the groove to limit the insertion of the human nail into the groove and to ensure only the end of the nail and not surrounding flesh to the human nail is filed by the abrasive portion.

Abstract: Provided is a preformed artificial nail designed to conform to the wearer's natural fingernail. The artificial nail includes an elongated nail body that extends between a proximate edge intended to abut against the cuticle and a distal edge intended to extend beyond the wearer's fingertip. To allow the nail body to conform to the curve of the natural fingernail between the sides, the thickness of the nail body increases from the proximate edge to the distal edge. The relatively thinner proximate edge provides that region of the nail body with an inherent flexibility that allows the nail body to deflect and conform to the natural fingernail. The relatively thicker distal edge provides that region of the nail body with an inherent rigidity and, relatedly, additional strength to the portion of the nail body intended to extend beyond the fingertip.

Abstract: A preformed artificial nail assembly comprising a pair of artificial nails sized to correspond to at least a portion of said natural nail, and an application tab assembly extending between the pair of artificial nails. The application tab assembly includes a body portion and a neck portion adjacent each said artificial nail, said neck portion being disposed between the body portion and the distal end of the artificial nail. The application tab assembly may include an area of weakness that allows the assembly to be separated into two separate tabs, one adjacent each of the artificial nails of the pair. The user my utilize the application tab assembly as a single unit to place the nails, or separate the assembly into to separate tabs to allow the user to place the nails utilizing separate tabs.

Abstract: The invention relates to an article for making up the nails comprising a backing with a profile corresponding to the profile of the nails or capable of conforming to the profile of the nails, the backing having a first face intended to be brought into contact with the nail and a second face on the opposite side from the first, the backing comprising at least one material exhibiting permeability of greater than 1000 g/m2/24 h and the first face comprising a layer of at least one pressure-sensitive adhesive material.

Abstract: Provided is an artificial nail having a three-dimensional ornament attached thereto, including: a sticker main body including a flexible planar film layer, and an adhesive layer provided with an adhesive component on both surfaces thereof and attached to the lower surface of the film layer; a three-dimensional ornament attached to the top of the sticker main body by an ornament attachment system operating along a programmed trace; and an artificial nail formed into a fingernail shape and having the sticker main body attached to the top surface thereof, wherein the planar sticker main body provided with the three-dimensional ornament is attached to the top surface of the artificial nail having a curved shape. The artificial nail having a three-dimensional ornament attached thereto realizes uniform adhesion strength between the three-dimensional ornament and the artificial nail.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making up the nails which consists in adhesively bonding, to the nail, an article comprising a prethermoformed backing composed of at least one first noncrystalline thermoplastic material having a softening temperature T3I and at least one second noncrystalline thermoplastic material not having a softening temperature of less than or equal to TSi, and then heating the article applied to the nail so as to soften the said at least one first noncrystalline thermoplastic material for the purpose of completing the matching of the article to the profile of the nail.

Abstract: Electronic color changing artificial nails comprise a polymer layer in a general shape of a human natural nail, bistable electro-optic material and a ledge on which display electrodes are disposed located at a tip of the artificial nail. Once the artificial nail is attached to the natural nail, the artificial nail can be updated by simply plugging the tip into a separate electronic color changing device which is used to set the color of the nail to whatever the user desires.

Abstract: An artificial nail is formed by injection molding a first section and a second section. The first section and second section are adjacent to one another. One of the sections defines a front distal tip of the artificial nail and is formed by injecting a quantity of heated material under pressure from a nozzle into a sprue, through a runner and through a cavity gate into a mold cavity. The other section is formed by injecting another quantity of heated material under pressure from a heated nozzle through another cavity gate into the mold cavity.

Abstract: A preformed artificial nail assembly having a pair of artificial nails sized to correspond to at least a portion of said natural nail, and an application tab assembly extending between the pair of artificial nails. The application tab assembly includes a body portion and a neck portion adjacent each said artificial nail, said neck portion being disposed between the body portion and the distal end of the artificial nail. The application tab assembly may include an area of weakness that allows the assembly to be separated into two separate tabs, one adjacent each of the artificial nails of the pair. The user may utilize the application tab assembly as a single unit to place the nails, or separate the assembly into to separate tabs to allow the user to place the nails utilizing separate tabs.

Abstract: A nail enamel applicator includes a resilient tube, an adaptor mounted on the top portion of the tube and having an upper end provided with a clamping hole and a guide portion, a pen head mounted in the adaptor and having an upper end provided with a tip extending through the guide portion into the clamping hole, a top cap mounted on the adaptor to cover the tip, and a brush having an upper end provided with a pipe inserted into an open lower end of the pen head and a lower end provided with multiple bristles. Thus, the tip is clamped by the clamping hole so that the clamping hole is sealed closely by the tip without producing a gap between the tip and the clamping hole to prevent air from being introduced into the tube.