Abstract: A function for checking whether components of an automatic analyzer properly operate is made available. A pressure sensor is installed in a sample path. A pressure waveform obtained during a washing water discharge operation 10 is used to check the opening/closing of a solenoid valve and the other operations of a dispensing mechanism. This function can also be exercised when a pressure sensor for a conventional sample suction check process is used. Even when the solenoid valve fails to open or close, an alarm is issued to indicate such a failure. This makes it possible to prevent a sample from thinning, thereby providing enhanced data reliability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus utilize a first beam emitter and a second beam emitter coupled to the first beam emitter. The first beam emitter and the second beam emitter move in unison between a plurality of positions to indicate a plurality of distances separating the first beam emitter and the second beam emitter from endpoints of beams emitted by the first beam emitter and the second beam emitter.

Abstract: An automated method for determining the cleaning operation of a water treatment or water distribution apparatus or system to which one or more substances are added, the method comprising the steps of: (a) conducting one or more measurements of a property of the or an added substance; (b) comparing the property measurement s) from step (a) with at least one reference value for that property; and (c) determining when the comparison in step (b) is within, above or below a pre-determined range or level for that property. The determination in step (c) can consider whether the cleaning operation has been successfully carried out. The present invention automates and therefore optimizes the cleaning operation of the water treatment or distribution apparatus or system such that expensive periods of non-operation during sanitization or cleaning are minimized both in terms of frequency and duration.

Abstract: A bevel unit comprises CCDs and processing liquid nozzles, and the CCDs take an image of a circumferential edge surface of a substrate. An image processing part detects the distances between the circumferential edge surface of the substrate and the processing liquid nozzles by image processing the signals from the CCDs. A control unit compares thus detected distances between the circumferential edge surface of the substrate and the processing liquid nozzles with set distances from the circumferential edge surface of the substrate to the processing liquid nozzles which are set in a recipe so as to be a desired rim etching width, and calculates an amount of displacement between the detected distances and the set distances. In accordance with the amount of displacement, the control unit activates motors and accordingly positions the bevel unit.

Abstract: An ultrasonic cleaning system that includes an electrical power supply, and a plurality of ultrasonic transducers coupled in parallel, wherein the plurality of ultrasonic transducers are coupled to the electrical power supply. The ultrasonic cleaning system also includes a transducer fault indicator coupled between the electrical power supply and the plurality of ultrasonic transducers, wherein the transducer fault indicator consists essentially of a current sensing portion configured to detect electrical current, and an alarm mechanism coupled to the current sensing portion. Additionally, the alarm mechanism is configured to provide a signal, indicating a failure of the ultrasonic transducer, based on the magnitude of electrical current detected by the current sensing portion.

Abstract: A system for producing and distributing an ozonated fluid is described. The system includes a tank for a fluid. A skid is in fluidic communication with the tank to receive the fluid from the tank. The skid includes an ozone generator to generate ozone gas and an injector to inject the fluid with the ozone gas to produce an ozonated fluid. A distribution network distributes the ozonated fluid for application. The distribution network is in fluid communication with the tank to return unapplied ozonated fluid to the tank.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for determining presence of contamination on a lithography mask, including: a fluid trap having a base and at least one wall member extending substantially perpendicularly to the base for trapping fluid on a portion of the base when fluid introduced during a cleaning process of the mask is removed.

Abstract: A vibrating and ultrasonic washer which is composed of a case externally provided with a cover and a switch button, and interiorly provided with control circuits, a UV sterilizing light and a vibration device; wherein the vibration device includes pluralities of support mats, a vibration motor and/or at least an ultrasound generator and a washing tank; the vibration motor and/or at least one ultrasound generator is/are provided on a base board and controlled by the control circuits; the base board is connected into the case via the pluralities of support mats; the washing tank is stacked on the base board; thereby the articles to be washed can be put in the washing tank to accomplish cleaning and sterilizing purposes via the vibration waves and/or ultrasound.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device includes dry-etching a semiconductor substrate or a structure formed on the semiconductor substrate; supplying a solution onto the semiconductor substrate; measuring a specific resistance or a conductivity of the supplied solution; and supplying a removal solution for removing the etching residual material onto the semiconductor substrate for a predetermined period of time based on the specific resistance or the conductivity of the solution, when an etching residual material adhering to the semiconductor substrate or the structure is removed.

Abstract: A device and method to perform on-line automatic flushing and cleaning for a steam turbine generator condenser, related with technology for flushing and cleaning of equipment during steam turbine generator operation, the apparatus includes: a polar coordinate traveling mechanical system, including one computer program polar coordinate control unit, which will control the servo motors to position the high-pressure water jet on the opening for Copper tube (or Titanium tube); the benefit for the invention is that, the polar coordinate traveling mechanical system move the high-pressure water jet to flush and clean each Copper tube (or Titanium tube) on condenser tube plate, to realize high-pressure water cleaning for each pipe during operation of generator, therefore, the heat exchanging efficient can be increased, further to reduce the consumption of coal for steam turbine generator, and archive the aim to saving coal, and reduction in generating cost.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one of the type and the quantity of items to be washed in a dishwasher machine is provided for use with a dishwashing machine having a washing chamber in which the items are placed in receptacles for subsequent washing of the items during a dishwashing program with the respective disposition of the items in the receptacles constituting the load of the receptacles in the washing chamber of the dishwasher machine. The method includes detecting the load of the receptacles by an image detection system that measures distances in a non-contact manner by means of the speed of light such that the measured distances can be evaluated to obtain a three-dimensional image of the washing chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a component for a household appliance, in particular for a dishwasher, and to a sump for a household appliance, in particular for a dishwasher, using it. Both the component and the sump are adapted to detect and/or control the level of a liquid in a tub. The component and/or the sump comprise a light transmitter adapted to generate a light beam, a light receiver adapted to receive the said light beam, and at least one optical element, in particular made of transparent material, adapted to affect the said beam depending on the content of the tub.

Abstract: A system for processing reusable gloves comprising a conveyor means (15) to convey a plurality of the reusable gloves to a plurality of processing stations (3); said processing stations including; a loading station for mounting the gloves to the conveyor means; an inspection station for inspecting the gloves for pre-determined criteria; a washing station for washing the gloves; an interrogation station for interrogating identification means of the gloves so as to receive data from said identification means; a testing station for testing the integrity of the gloves; an unloading station for unloading the gloves.

Abstract: A control system for minimizing overall water use in a food waste handling system while maximizing flow rate when needed by controlling a flow of water into the handling system based on or in response to a physical presence of an operator. The control system substantially automatically senses, detects, or otherwise determines the presence of the operator, wherein such presence is assumptively associated with use of the waste handling system (i.e., the deposition of waste thereinto), and, in response to said presence, automatically controls the flow of water accordingly and for a pre-established period of time following cessation of said presence in order to facilitate the on-going handling process.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a spin chuck holding and rotating a substrate and an atmosphere blocking member, corresponding in planar shape and size to the substrate, arranged oppositely and proximately to the upper surface of the substrate and formed with a processing solution discharge port and a gas discharge port discharging a processing solution and gas to the central portion of the upper surface of the substrate respectively. The atmosphere blocking member is formed with an outer gas discharge port outside the gas discharge port in plan view for discharging the gas to the upper surface of the substrate. The outer gas discharge port is so formed on the atmosphere blocking member that an arrival position of the gas discharged from the outer gas discharge port is closer to the center of the upper surface of the substrate held by a spin base than an intermediate portion between the center and the outer peripheral edge of the upper surface.

Abstract: A cleaning device that cleans a liquid storage part of a vessel for storing liquid. The cleaning device includes: a cleaning liquid discharge nozzle that discharges cleaning liquid to the liquid storage part; a first overflow suction nozzle of which tip is positioned above the tip of the cleaning liquid discharge nozzle, that sucks the liquid containing the cleaning liquid from the liquid storage part; a second overflow suction nozzle of which tip is positioned above the tip of the first overflow suction nozzle, that sucks the liquid containing the cleaning liquid from the liquid storage part; and a clog detecting unit that detects clog in one of the first and second overflow suction nozzles.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and system for cleaning a media support structure in a filter cell in a liquid filter system, wherein a cleaning solution does not significantly enter a filter media zone. The method comprises supplying a cleaning solution to a filter cell to a level sufficient to submerge the media support structure, but not to significantly enter the filter media zone. Additionally, the cleaning solution level is monitored to ensure the cleaning solution does not significantly enter the filter media zone. Alternatively, the cleaning solution may be continuously recirculated and reintroduced to the filter cell during the cleaning operation.

Abstract: Incorporation of a sensor, such as an optical or laser based sensor, into a wafer edge processing unit, such as a WEE unit or mechanism. This sensor enables the WEE unit to be referenced to the wafer edge. Specifically, the sensor can be used to place a WEE unit in a fixed but accurate location at the beginning of the wafer edge expose process. Another approach is to have the WEE drive controller actively follow the edge of the wafer as it rotates during the WEE process, which has the advantage of compensating for any wafer centering errors as well as diameter and placement errors. In yet another approach, the edge sensor is used to sense and track the edge of a previous layer WEE pattern. The sensor can also facilitate the measuring of a distance from a wafer edge to a WEE edge feature.

Abstract: A system for removing ink from a substrate. The system includes an ink separator configured to separate the ink from the substrate; and a substrate conveyor configured to provide the substrate to the ink separator. Accordingly, the ink can be removed from the substrate such that the substrate can be re-used.

Abstract: A lighting device mounting system for a dishwasher, and an associated apparatus and method, are provided, comprising a lighting device having a first portion disposed within a dishwasher tub portion and configured to emit light therefrom. The first portion has a larger lateral area than a receiving aperture defined by a tub wall of the tub portion. The lighting device includes a second portion engaged with the first portion, and adapted to extend through the receiving aperture. The second portion includes at least one laterally-extending flange extending laterally outward therefrom. A securing device having a medial hinge portion and an engageable locking mechanism associated with free opposing ends, is configured to interact with the second portion, opposite the tub wall from the first portion, and between the at least one laterally extending flange and the tub wall, so as to secure the lighting device to the tub wall.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for wetting the surface of a workpiece is disclosed. The apparatus includes a chamber with a vacuum port and a fluid port and a workpiece holder including a body, a ring, and a port. The body includes a surface and defines a cavity extending from the surface. The ring is adapted to retain the workpiece on the surface of body over the cavity. The ring forms a fluid seal relative to the workpiece and to the workpiece holder. The port is defined in the body and in communication with the cavity. The port affects pressure in the cavity to minimize a pressure differential between the front and back surfaces of the workpiece. The fluid port is in communication with the chamber. The fluid port delivers a fluid (e.g., a substantially degassed fluid) to wet the front surface of the workpiece during operation of the chamber at a reduced pressure relative to atmosphere.

Abstract: An industrial vehicle wash system comprises a wash area receiving the vehicle and a separate control area receiving an operator. A plurality of wash modules are supported in the wash are to direct respective jets of wash fluid onto the vehicle. A controller varies orientation of the wash modules according to respective wash patterns. Cameras associated with the wash modules provide a visual display of the vehicle being washed to the operator in the control area. Using an operator input in the control area, the operator can interrupt the wash pattern of one wash module to provide additional washing to one area of the vehicle under manual operator control while the other wash modules continue to wash the vehicle according to the respective wash patterns thereof. The interrupted wash pattern can be resumed upon completion of the additional washing.

Abstract: A kitchenware washing assembly in one embodiment generally includes a tank for holding fluid for washing kitchenware. The tank can include two wall portions, and an outlet positioned on each of the two wall portions. The kitchenware washing assembly can also include at least one inlet and at least two pumps for pumping the fluid from the inlet to the outlets. The kitchenware washing assembly can further include a control system with a consolidated removable control module. The consolidated removable control module may include a plurality of electronic components for substantially controlling at least one operation of the washing assembly.

Abstract: A recovery system recycles the washwater used to clean excess binder and debris from the production components, including a forming hoodwall constructed of non-corrosive materials, for manufacturing fiberglass insulation. A separate closed-loop recovery system is provided for the forming hoodwall in which the binder-containing washwater is screened and then recycled back to the forming hoodwall without further chemical treatment to change the pH level. A binder reclamation system is coupled to the hoodwall washwater recovery system to divert the low pH washwater when the supply of binder needs replenished at the forming hoodwall. The binder reclamation system introduces an acid solution to the cleaned washwater to lower the pH from about 2.5 to about 3.5. The other production components share a bulk washwater recovery system in which a base solution is introduced to raise the pH to approximately 8 or above to reduce corrosion in the other production components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-dosing detergent delivery device. The device comprises a housing (20) for receiving, in use, therein a cartridge (50) having a plurality X of chambers (52) each accommodating a detergent composition; a water/wash liquor collection area for receiving and collecting water/wash liquor falling upon it; directing means (350) for directing said water/wash liquor selectively into an inlet hole of a chamber (52) of the cartridge (50) to contact the detergent composition therein; and an outlet to allow the detergent loaded wash liquor to exit the device. The device further comprises manually operated indexing means for causing movement of said directing means (350) relative to said cartridge (50) so as to cause sequential movement of said directing means (350) from directing water/wash liquor from one chamber to directing it to a neighbouring chamber and an end stop mechanism for preventing actuation of the manual indexing mechanism subsequent to an Xth washing cycle.

Abstract: A dishwasher with a system for filling level recognition may be achieved which reliably determines the fluid level inside the dishwasher without the use of moving parts, whereby the dishwasher is provided with at least one capacitive filling level sensor for recognition of the fluid level of the rinsing fluid contained in the dishwasher, the electrical capacitance of which changes depending on the height of the fluid level. The fluid level in the dishwasher can thus be reliably determined without the need for moving parts and merely by the use of electronic components. The system further permits a non-contact filling level recognition, whereby the filling level sensor and the rinsing fluid do not come into contact.

Abstract: A template cleaning method for cleaning a template for nanoimprint, according to an embodiment of the present invention includes placing a wafer on a stage provided in a chamber, cleaning the wafer placed on the stage, inspecting the wafer for particles after the cleaning of the wafer, placing the template on the stage after the inspection of the wafer, and cleaning the template placed on the stage.

Abstract: A method for adapting a rinsing program in a dishwasher machine, and a dishwashing machine configured to perform the method, the method enabling the rinsing program run of a dishwasher machine to be adapted in such a way that satisfactory cleaning and drying performances are achieved even when using a combination rinse aid. To this end, the rinsing program run is adapted if there is insufficient salt, if the softening device is switched off, and if the dishwasher machine is on.

Abstract: A drawer-type dishwasher includes a dispenser mounted to one of front and opposing side walls of a basin. The basin is slidably supported in an outer body of the dishwasher. The dispenser includes a main body portion, first and second reservoirs and an actuator. Each of the first and second reservoirs includes upper and lower openings. The first reservoir includes a cover that selectively closes the upper opening, while the lower opening is opened by the actuator. The second reservoir is provided with first and second lids pivotally mounted to the main body portion. The first lid is opened to allow loading of wash aid, while the second lid is opened during a wash operation to release the wash aid. After the wash operation concludes, the second lid is closed, causing the first lid to open allowing detergent to again be loaded into the second reservoir.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a multi-dosing detergent delivery device including a status indicator for providing an external indication of the internal status of the device. The indicator comprises a first element (140) internal to a main housing part (100) of the device and whose position is directly related to the status of the device and a second element (120) external of the main housing. The second element (120) and the first element (140) are linked together by means of magnetic attraction. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first element (140) comprises a magnet and the second element (120) comprises a ferro-magnetic sphere, held within a transparent dome (110). The sphere (120) and dome (110) are mounted to the exterior of a main housing of the device and form an isolated sub-housing, whilst the magnet (140) is provided internally.

Abstract: A radioactive material sequestration system may include a radionuclide containment composition dispenser and a sorption based media container. The radionuclide containment composition dispenser may be configured for holding a radionuclide containment composition and be capable of dispensing the radionuclide containment composition to remove radionuclides from a radioactive material. The radionuclide containment composition is a mixture of a clay mineral and water. The sorption based media container may be configured for holding a sorption based media; receiving dispensed radionuclide containment composition; and sequestering the radionuclides. The radioactive material sequestration system may also include a probe.

Abstract: A method includes using a turbine ratemeter in an appliance to meter delivery of a liquid.

Abstract: An automatic car wash system is provided for processing multiple vehicles simultaneously. The system according to one embodiment includes an elongate path, a plurality of stations for processing the vehicle, at least two detectors for indicating the presence of the vehicles. The system provides instructions to the drivers of the vehicles so that the vehicles travel through the system under their own power, and thus conveyor systems can be avoided, yet throughput remains high. In one embodiment, the system includes a radio transmitter that is operable to direct specific information to each of the vehicles via radio signals.

Abstract: A coating apparatus and an operating method thereof that prevent damage to the nozzle of a spinless coater from impurities on a substrate during resin coating of the substrate, and impurities remaining on a stage at the bottom of the substrate. The coating apparatus comprises a stage, a nozzle, a nozzle cleaner, and a stage cleaner. A substrate is placed upon the stage. The nozzle discharges resin on the substrate to perform coating. The nozzle cleaner cleans the nozzle. The stage cleaner cleans the stage. The operating method includes removing a coated first substrate from atop a stage, cleaning the stage using a stage cleaner, introducing a second substrate to be coated onto the cleaned stage, and discharging resin through a nozzle onto the second substrate and coating the second substrate.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus for supplying a treatment liquid onto the surface of a substrate to treat the same. This apparatus is provided with: a spin chuck for holding and rotating a substrate; a nozzle for supplying a treatment liquid to the substrate held by the spin chuck; a circulating passage arranged such that the treatment liquid supplied to the substrate from the nozzle and used for substrate treatment is circulated to the nozzle and reutilized for substrate treatment; a metal contamination amount measuring device for measuring the metal contamination amount in the treatment liquid passing through the circulating passage; and a judgment processing unit for judging whether or not the value measured by the metal contamination amount measuring device has exceeded a predetermined set value.

Abstract: A water-conducting domestic appliance including a door having a handle, and display means for displaying an operating state of the domestic appliance by projecting a light projection, wherein the display means are disposed in the handle of the door.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for indicating satisfactory times for titrating a chemical solution, e.g., cleaning product, used by a utility device to clean and/or sanitize various types of articles. The utility device is described in an exemplary embodiment as being a warewashing machine that applies the chemical solution to articles provided to the machine on racks. The chemical solution is formed in a solution tank from a combination of at least one chemical product and at least one rinse agent. Whereas the chemical product is described as a detergent, the rinse agent is described as water. Over a time period including multiple wash cycles, the chemical product and the rinse agent are added to the solution tank, thereby changing conductivity of the chemical solution.

Abstract: A dish washer is disclosed, in which assembly of the dish washer is improved, and an error operation and trouble of a driver due to water leaked in a base can be avoided. To this end, the dish washer includes a tub (3) provided with a space for washing the dishes and a communication hole (3a) formed on the bottom, a base (100) fixed to the bottom of the tub (3), having a plane portion (100a) which is not connected with the outside, a sump assembly (200) provided in the plane portion of the base and fixed to the tub (3) while shielding the communication hole (3a) of the bottom, having a sump (220) and a driver (210), wherein washing water is received in the sump (220) and the driver (210) transmits a driving force to the sump (220), and a leakage sensing device (300) provided in the base (100), sensing a water level of washing water leaked in the base (100). Thus, assembly of the dish washer can be improved, and also life span of the driver can be increased.

Abstract: An improved method and system for removing blockage from hydrocarbon transfer conduits. An apparatus and methods for cleaning a hydrocarbon transfer conduit is disclosed whereby a laser head is placed in a hydrocarbon transfer conduit to be cleaned and supplied with a laser beam. The laser head applies the laser beam to an area in the hydrocarbon transfer conduit to be cleaned.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lens care kit for disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses. The lens care kit of the invention allows customers to visually identify when their lenses are disinfected, clean, and ready to wear. The invention is relied on color change, due to temporally photo-bleaching of a colored lens care solution, to indicate the readiness of disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses.

Abstract: A device for cleaning welding torches includes a device for applying cleaning or wetting liquid to the tip of the welding torch and a coil with an opening for inserting the welding torch in order to subject it to an electromagnetic cleaning. The device also includes an electric power supply device that is connected to the coil. The device for applying cleaning liquid, which consists of, for example, a reservoir or nozzles, and the coil are placed inside a common housing together with a refuse reservoir, which is located underneath the coil while serving to hold the electromagnetically removed foreign substances. Preferably, the device for applying cleaning liquid is placed inside or underneath the opening of the coil thereby enabling the welding torch to be located in essentially the same position during cleaning.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for assessing and guaranteeing the thermal hygiene effect on items to be washed which are accommodated in a washing chamber of a single-chamber dishwasher or items to be cleaned which are accommodated in a cleaning chamber of a cleaning and disinfecting machine, with a temperature sensor being permanently assigned to the washing chamber or the cleaning chamber. The thermal hygiene effect produced by the temperature and action time acting on the items to be washed or the items to be cleaned is detected by means of the temperature sensor and a control system, and the heat equivalent values are calculated from this information.

Abstract: The support removal apparatus comprising in combination a retention tank having a manifold assembly comprising a plurality of nozzle heads in hydraulic communication with the discharge side of a pump, collectively configured for agitating an aqueous cleaning solution comprised of sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium carbonate, and water; a heating element mounted within the retention tank for heating the aqueous cleaning solution to a predetermined temperature set point; a basket strainer mounted within the retention tank in hydraulic communication with the intake side of the pump to mitigate passage of small rapid prototype parts and residual support material therethrough and into the pump and manifold assembly; a work surface mounted atop the retention tank and having a movable lid fitted with a basket for containing small rapid prototype parts; a thermocouple for maintaining the temperature within a tolerable range for optimum removal of support material; a level indicator to ensure adequate

Abstract: An ophthalmic device hydration system includes an inspection station configured to receive a plurality of ophthalmic devices and fluid supply fluidly connected to the inspection station. The fluid supply contains a working fluid. The ophthalmic device hydration system also includes a hydration assembly disposed proximate the inspection station and configured to vaporize a volume of the working fluid.

Abstract: An inspection system includes an inspection station configured to receive a plurality of ophthalmic devices, and a fluid supply fluidly connected to the inspection station. The fluid supply contains a working fluid. The system also includes an ultrasonic degassing assembly configured to remove at least one bubble carried by the plurality of ophthalmic devices upstream of a packaging station.

Abstract: A dishwasher is disclosed, including a sump for receiving wash water for washing contaminated dishes; a main motor for circulating wash water in the sump; a washing pump connected with the main motor and pumping the wash water; a main channel and a sampling channel formed in a drain direction of the washing pump; and a contamination sensor mounted at a channel extension part located at the sampling channel and measuring contamination of the wash water. The dishwasher of the present invention is able to measure contamination of wash water for washing dishes and to mount the contamination sensor for measuring the contamination of the wash water with ease.

Abstract: A system for removing accumulated debris from a surface of a vessel. The system comprises a vessel having a surface to be cleaned. A impulse cleaning device defines a combustion chamber in which combustible fuel and air are mixed and ignited to produce supersonic combustion that is directed at the surface to be cleaned within the vessel. A sensor is associated with the impulse cleaning device. The sensor is for detecting a condition within the impulse cleaning device and generating a signal in response to a detected condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning plant components of a power station, wherein a medium is continuously passed through one or more plant components for cleaning a closed circuit and a check of the medium for degree of purity is carried out in at least one operating plant component.

Abstract: A water level sensor and a dishwasher having the same are disclosed, in which water level is sensed for stable supply of washing water. The water level sensor includes a case including a first chamber formed therein, a first floater provided in the first chamber, ascending as water level ascends, and a first switch selectively pressurized by the first floater to avoid excessive supply of water.

Abstract: Provided is a valve with a sensor for process solution, a substrate treating apparatus employing the valve, and a substrate treating method. The valve includes a body, an inlet, an outlet, a shutter, and a sensor. The body is provided with a passage within, through which a process solution for a substrate flows. The inlet is connected to one end of the passage, through which the process solution flows into the body. The outlet is connected to another end of the passage, through which the process solution is discharged to an outside of the body. The shutter is for opening or closing the passage at a region where the inlet and the passage are connected. The sensor is coupled to the body to contact the process solution flowing through the passage and sense a composition of the process solution.