Abstract: In at least one illustrative embodiment, a fluid flow control apparatus may comprise a fluid network including a plurality of parallel branches, each parallel branch of the plurality of parallel branches being fluidly coupled between an inlet and an outlet of the fluid network. Each parallel branch of the plurality of parallel branches may comprise a pressure-independent flow control device configured to limit fluid flow through the respective parallel branch to a reference flow amount irrespective of a pressure at the inlet of the fluid network.

Abstract: A system and method for regulating a constant positive pressure differential within a container in order to maintain the waterproof integrity of the container. In one embodiment, the system for regulating a constant positive pressure differential within a container is comprised of a valve member, a control member, and an air supply member. In another embodiment, the system for regulating a constant positive pressure differential within a container is also comprised of a container member.

Abstract: An aircraft hydraulic air bleed valve system having an air vent valve connected to an electronic controller where the opening of the air vent valve is permitted only when the aircraft is in a pre-determined flight mode where the aircraft flight mode is determined by a gyroscope connected to the controller.

Abstract: A method is provided to detect the presence of hydraulic line pressure in a hydraulic control system in an electromechanical transmission. The method includes determining an estimated hydraulic line pressure of the hydraulic control system based upon an input flow and an output flow of hydraulic fluid. The input flow and output flow are regulated with a pressure control device, which is energizable on operator demand. A pressure detection device is fluidly connected to the pressure control device to detect the presence of hydraulic pressure. An override module is applied to the estimated hydraulic line pressure to determine a corrected hydraulic line pressure. The override module sets the corrected hydraulic line pressure to predetermined values based on the operating state indicated by the pressure detection device. The override module corrects for an over-estimation of hydraulic line pressure in operating conditions such as low environmental temperatures.

Abstract: A method of controlling a flow rate of inerting gas introduced into a vented aircraft fuel tank, the method comprising: monitoring changes in a quantity of a fuel in the aircraft fuel tank; monitoring changes in the ambient air pressure external to the aircraft fuel tank; and actively controlling a flow rate of inerting gas, {dot over (m)}(I), introduced into the aircraft fuel tank based upon changes in the quantity of fuel in the fuel tank and changes in the ambient air pressure, p. Also, an aircraft including a vented fuel tank, a supply of inerting gas for rendering inert the fuel tank ullage, and a controller for performing the method.

Abstract: An apparatus can include a piston movably disposed within a pressure vessel and defines a first interior region and a second interior region. The piston has a first position in which the first interior contains a gas having a first pressure and has a volume greater than the second interior region, and a second position in which the second interior region contains a gas having a second pressure and has a volume greater than the first interior region. A seal member is attached to the piston and to the pressure vessel. The seal member has a first configuration in which at least a portion of the seal member is disposed at a first position when the piston is in its first position, and a second configuration in which the portion of the seal member is disposed at a second position when the piston is in its second position.

Abstract: A system includes at least one fluid volume in which pressure varies, a retention volume for collecting a liquid used in operating the system; and a pump device in fluid connection with the retention volume and in operative connection with the fluid volume. The pump device includes a housing, a movable pressurizing mechanism within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid volume, a biasing mechanism in operative connection with the pressurizing mechanism to bias the pressurizing mechanism in a first direction, and a pump volume within the housing. The volume of the pump volume is defined by a position of the pressurizing mechanism, wherein the position of the pressurizing mechanism is controlled by pressure within the fluid volume and the biasing mechanism. The pump device further includes an inlet port in fluid connection with the pump volume and an outlet port in fluid connection with the pump volume.

Abstract: A device for putting in solution a powdery concentrate includes a liquid supply pipe (10), an extraction pipe (30) with a valve (31), and a transfer pipe (40) connected to a junction point, the transfer pipe being for connecting to a receptacle (50) containing the concentrate. The junction point is in the constriction of a venturi tube (20), the supply pipe (10) being connected to the convergent chamber (21) and the extraction pipe (30) to the divergent chamber (22). If the valve (31) is closed, the liquid leaves the venturi tube through the vacuum tapping to enter the receptacle. When the valve (31) is opened, the liquid leaves the venturi tube through the divergence chamber, causing a pressure drop in the vacuum tapping. The saturated liquid contained in the receptacle is then sucked and entrained by the liquid passing through the venturi.

Abstract: A constant-flow control valve and BTU meter assembly that has a pressure independent, constant-flow control valve assembly connectable to the fluid-based heating or cooling system. A valve stem is connected to a valve member and is rotatable as a unit relative to a valve body to change the position of valve member to change a fluid flow rate through the valve. The valve member's position relative to the fluid path is directly related to the fluid flow rate. A BTU meter assembly is connected to the valve stem, which is rotatable relative to the BTU meter assembly. A position sensor of the BTU meter assembly detects a rotational position of the valve stem relative to the BTU body. A controller of the BTU meter assembly determines the fluid flow rate based upon the pressure drop across the valve assembly and the rotational position of the valve stem.

Abstract: A servo valve includes a movable throttling member positioned between a first opening and an opposing second opening, and a first inlet port and a second inlet port to convey a fluid flow toward the first and opening, respectively. A first inlet orifice, defined between the first inlet port and a first pressure reaction member, is located between and in fluid communication with the first inlet port and the first opening. A second inlet orifice, is located between and in fluid communication with the second inlet port and the second opening. The second pressure reaction member is secured to the first pressure reaction member at a substantially fixed distance. Each of the first inlet orifice and the second inlet orifice is variable via a change a pressure of the fluid flow downstream of the first inlet orifice and the second inlet orifice.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a controller in a fluid delivery system controls magnitudes of pressure in a first volume and a second volume. The first volume is of a known magnitude. The second volume is of an unknown magnitude and varies. The controller estimates a temperature of gas in the first volume and a temperature of gas in the second volume based on measurements of pressure in the first volume and measurements of pressure in the second volume. The controller then calculates a magnitude of the second volume based on measured pressures of the gases and estimated temperatures of gases in the first volume and the second volume.

Abstract: Provided is a raw material gas supply device for use in a film forming apparatus, which includes: a raw material container configured to accommodate a solid raw material; a carrier gas supply unit configured to supply a carrier gas to the container; a raw material gas supply path configured to supply a raw material gas containing a vaporized raw material from the container to the film forming apparatus; a flow rate measurement unit configured to measure a flow rate of the vaporized raw material; a pressure control unit configured to control an internal pressure of the container; and a control unit configured to control the pressure control unit to increase the internal pressure of the container when the measured flow rate of the vaporized raw material is higher than a predetermined target value, and to decrease the internal pressure when the measured flow rate is lower than the target value.

Abstract: A method for validating a pressure sensor between a source of a gas and a pressure regulator that regulates a gas flow. The method includes providing a valve command signal and selecting a bias signal from a bias table. The method also includes comparing the selected bias signal to the valve command signal and determining there is a pressure sensor error if the difference between the selected bias signal and the valve command signal is above a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A pressure relief valve and a mating fuel tank bung are installed directly on a fuel tank. In one embodiment a bung is welded directly to a fuel tank, and thereafter a pressure relief valve is attached directly to the bung by mating threads. This system and installation method provides a cost and time effective installation process that is expedient, does not require additional pipes or plumbing fixtures, and the resulting installed valve may provide improved safety features due to the exclusion of additional pipes and plumbing positioned between the valve and the fuel tank and a compactness of design.

Abstract: A tempered connecting piece is provided for transporting a viscous fluid, and includes an excess pressure release component, which separates the inside of the connecting piece from a discharge line and is fixed to an outer edge on the discharge line. The excess pressure release component is designed to release the discharge line in the event of predetermined excess pressure and a mixing element, which thoroughly mixes a fluid flow in the region of the excess pressure release component, is arranged in the inside of the connecting piece.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for the high-pressure treatment of products, particularly of packaged foodstuffs. The device comprises a high-pressure chamber and a discharge valve for discharging high-pressure medium out of the high-pressure chamber. The invention is characterized in that a controllable actuator is provided for adjusting the rate of the pressure decrease in the high-pressure chamber at least over a predetermined pressure range. The disclosure also relates to a method for the high-pressure treatment of products, wherein pressure decrease takes place in a first phase and in a second phase, and the mean pressure decrease rate in the first phase is higher than in the second phase.

Abstract: A low flow injector controls remote delivery of low flows of gas. A higher flow carrier gas is provided by an MFC to a conduit. A remote flow restrictor is located to exhaust a critical process gas directly into the conduit. An electronic regulator controls a pressure of the critical gas responsive to a pressure point received from a controller corresponding to a desired mass flow. Also, a large flow restrictor vents the critical process gas.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically performing start-up and overpressure relief functions in association with a primary fluid carrier such as, for example, a liquid handling pipeline or tank. The system includes a main valve for primarily exhausting air from the system as it fills with a liquid. A start-up pilot device is also provided for exhausting air from the system upon start-up, but prior to the main valve opening. Finally, an overpressure pilot device is provided to relieve overpressure situations during normal operation.

Abstract: A system controlling gain in a control element includes a source of line pressure, a source of signal pressure, a control valve that controls communication between line pressure and the control element, including a first differential area communicating with control element pressure, and a second differential area, and a gain control valve that opens and closes communication between control element pressure and the second differential area in response to signal pressure.

Abstract: A variable gas pressure regulator comprises a throttling valve regulating the fluid flow between a high-pressure fluid inlet and a regulated space fluidly connected to a fluid outlet, a high-pressure solenoid commanded to control fluid flow between the fluid inlet and a control space and a low-pressure solenoid commanded to control fluid flow between the control space and the regulated space. The regulator achieves a variable pressure at the regulator outlet by commanding the two solenoids to control the pressure in the control space relative to the regulated space. The regulator further comprises a lock-off valve which is controlled by the action of the low-pressure solenoid and of the high-pressure solenoid based on the relative pressure difference between the control space and the regulated space. The lock-off valve seals the passage between the fluid inlet and the regulated space.

Abstract: A method for isolating a fault or blocked work port in an electro-hydraulic system is disclosed. In one step, a system pump is set to a first predetermined pressure and a valve assembly is commanded to a center position. In another step, the center position of the valve is recorded. In one step, the valve assembly is opened to place a work port associated with the valve in fluid communication with the pump, after which a first end position of the valve, a first work port pressure, and a first pump supply pressure are recorded. In another step, the valve assembly is opened to place the work port to a tank reservoir, after which a second end position of the valve and a fluid pressure associated with the work port are recorded. The recorded and measured data can then be analyzed to identify the fault condition or blocked work port.

Abstract: A control system for a hydraulic system including an accumulator and a hydraulic transformer coordinates flow sharing within the hydraulic system. The hydraulic transformer includes first and second variable displacement pump/motor units mounted on a rotatable shaft. The rotatable shaft has an end adapted for connection to a first external load. The first variable displacement pump/motor unit includes a first side that fluidly connects to a pump and a second side that fluidly connects to a tank. The second variable displacement pump/motor unit includes a first side that fluidly connects to the accumulator and a second side that fluidly connects with the tank. A second external load may be hydraulically connected to the hydraulic system. Energy may be transferred to/from the pump, the accumulator, the first external load, and/or the second external load, as directed by the control system.

Abstract: A pressure regulator for use in an engine is disclosed. The pressure regulator may include first and second flow paths formed in a body, wherein the first flow path is configured to pass a first fluid and the second flow path is configured to receive a second fluid. A diaphragm may be disposed within the first flow path and the diaphragm may be configured to move based on a pressure differential between the first and second fluids. The pressure regulator may further include a seat associated with the first flow path. A primary valve element may be connected to the diaphragm and configured to selectively engage the seat when a pressure of the fluid in the first flow path exceeds a pressure of the fluid in the second flow path by a first threshold amount.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water hammer recognizing and energy saving water hammer prevention system and a method for controlling the same that is configured wherein in case of the selective on/off operations of a plurality of pumps in a pipe system in accordance with the change of the use environment, the pressure variation and level variation of an air chamber caused by water hammer are compared with reference values and set values, and they are divided into a normal mode and a safe mode, thereby controlling the air intake and exhaust of the air chamber and preventing energy consumption from unnecessarily occurring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vacuum-driven fluidic system for a flow-type particle analyzer. The system includes a vacuum pump which creates a pressure drop downstream of the flow cell, which pulls sheath fluid and sample fluid through the flow cell. A variable-resistance fluidic resistor is configured to control the ratio of sample fluid flow to sheath fluid flow. Dual feedback circuits, one configured to modulate the vacuum pump power in response to the pressure drop across the flow cell, referred to as the dynamic pressure drop, and a second configured to modulate the vacuum pump power in response to the pressure drop created by the vacuum pump relative to ambient pressure, referred to as the static pressure drop, are used to automatically control the system. The present invention enables adjustment of the sample fluid flow rate while maintaining a constant total fluid flow through the flow cell, and further, enables pausing the system without significant fluctuations in the vacuum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling a gas flow through a conjunction between one or more incoming streams and one or more outgoing streams through a conjunction. The method uses a biased mass flow imbalance value obtained by comparing the aggregate of incoming mass flow measurement value(s) with the aggregate of outgoing mass flow measurement value(s) and adding a bias component to provide the biased mass flow imbalance value. The flow of at least one of the incoming and outgoing streams (12, 14, 16, 18, 20) is adjusted to move the biased mass flow imbalance value towards zero. In addition, a conjunction pressure measurement (PC) is provided, which is used to adjust the bias component in response to a change in the conjunction pressure measurement (PC) relative to a pressure set point (PSP), to mitigate the change in the conjunction pressure measurement (PC) relative to the pressure set point (PSP).

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for actuating a plurality of pneumatic valves to positively isolate one or more pieces of equipment. A manual valve can be disposed on a supply conduit that fluidly couples each of the pneumatic valves to a fluid supply source. To place the pneumatic valves in a safe position, the manual valve can be closed, which disrupts a flow of fluid from the source. Closing the manual valve can also open a drain conduit that allows the supply conduit to be depressurized.

Abstract: In a method for operating a fuel system of an internal combustion engine, the fuel system has a fuel tank and a ventilation device, which has at least one vent valve, for ventilating the fuel tank. The magnitude of deformation caused by an internal pressure of the fuel tank of a deformation zone of the fuel tank is ascertained and the vent valve is opened when the magnitude of deformation exceeds a limit value.

Abstract: A trim assembly is provided with a cage with an internal surface and a cage port. A plug having an external surface is disposed in the cage and is operable between a closed position, a pressure balancing position and an open position. The trim assembly also includes a low friction flow restrictor disposed between the cage and the plug and a pressure energized seal disposed between the cage and the plug. A seal balancing volume defined by the internal surface of the cage, the external surface of the plug, the low friction flow restrictor and the pressure energized seal is provided. The seal balancing volume is in fluid communication with the cage port through the low friction flow restrictor and is maintained at a seal balancing volume pressure. The trim assembly further includes a pressure control assembly configured to vent the seal balancing volume.

Abstract: A valve control system includes a valve connected to regulate flow of a medium provided to an output and a sensor connected to monitor a feedback value associated with the medium. A controller modulates the valve based on a comparison of a reference value to the feedback value provided by the sensor. The controller detects saturation of the valve if the error between the monitored feedback value and reference value exceeds a threshold. In response to detected saturation, the controller reduces the reference value to a value less than the monitored feedback value.

Abstract: A slam-shut safety device having a disc arrestor includes a valve body, a valve seat between an inlet and an outlet, and a reset pin shiftable between untripped and tripped positions. A valve disc support includes has a threaded stem and is operatively coupled to the reset pin. A valve disc fits on the stem of the support and shifts in response to movement of the valve disc support between an open position and a closed second position in which the valve disc is seated against the valve seat. A threaded nut is securable to the threaded portion of the stem of the valve disc support, and an arrestor spring is positioned on the stem of the valve disc support and is secured by the threaded nut. The arrestor spring is arranged to apply a biasing force to valve disc.

Abstract: A pressure regulator is disclosed having a body, a valve seat dividing a cavity of the body into first and second portions, and an end stop movable against a bias to selectively engage the valve seat and isolate the first and second portions. The pressure regulator may also have a first inlet port in the first portion, a first outlet port in the second portion and in fluid communication with the first portion via the valve seat, and a second inlet port in the second portion. The fuel system may also have a valve element in the second portion and movable against a spring bias based on a pressure difference between an open position and a restricted position against the end stop. The fuel system may additionally have an actuator biased to urge the valve element toward the second position and selectively actuated to move away from the valve element.

Abstract: A pressure relief valve for a common rail fuel system includes a hard ceramic spherical valve member that moves into and out of contact with a conical valve seat of a soft metallic valve body. Fretting damage to the valve is inhibited by using the dissimilar materials, and by using a guide pin that is allowed to move on the spherical surface of the ceramic spherical valve member. The valve member may be constructed of silicon nitride.

Abstract: A fluid supply system includes a tank, a shutoff valve, a fluid fill channel, a fluid supply channel, a fill detector, a pressure detector, and a controller. The shutoff valve includes a shared channel to enable fluid to flow from a fill hole to the tank and to flow from the tank to a fluid usage device. The pressure detector is provided in the fluid supply channel. The controller is configured to output a close instruction to the shutoff valve and configured to execute a processing to determine open valve malfunctions in the shutoff valve based on changes in pressure values which are input from the pressure detector. The controller stops the processing to determine open valve malfunctions when the fill detector detects that the fluid supply system is in the supplying state.

Abstract: An example valve described herein includes a bonnet having a bonnet cavity defining a bonnet inner surface, a bonnet outer surface, and a first pressure sensing passageway extending between the bonnet outer surface and the bonnet cavity. A base is coaxially coupled to the bonnet and has a base outer surface, a base cavity that defines a base inner surface, a fluid inlet passageway extending between the base outer surface and the base cavity, a fluid outlet passageway extending between the base outer surface and the base cavity, and a second pressure sensing passageway extending between the base outer surface and the base cavity. A valve element within the base and bonnet cavities controls a fluid flow path through the fluid inlet passageway and the fluid outlet passageway.

Abstract: An aircraft bleed system includes a low pressure supply port for delivering a first fluid at a first pressure. Also included is a high pressure supply port for delivering a second fluid at a second pressure, the second pressure greater than the first pressure. Further included is a feedback circuit in operable communication with the high pressure supply port for receiving the second fluid. The feedback circuit includes a first branch configured to route the second fluid to a high pressure control piston for manipulating the high pressure control piston between a high pressure closed position and a high pressure open position. The feedback circuit also includes a second branch configured to route the second fluid to a low pressure control piston moveably disposed within the high pressure control piston for manipulating the low pressure control piston between a low pressure closed position and a low pressure open position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a pressure drop of a fluid is disclosed. A sleeve includes a plurality of flow passages in a wall of the sleeve. A member slides relative to the sleeve to reveal at least a portion of the plurality of flow passages to control flow of the fluid through the flow passages. The plurality of flow passages are at azimuthally- and axially-staggered locations around the sleeve.

Abstract: A fluid regulating device includes a regulator valve having a valve body defining an inlet and an outlet and a valve port disposed between the inlet and the outlet. A housing assembly is disposed adjacent the valve port, and the housing assembly includes a first aperture adapted to receive a valve disc. A balancing diaphragm is secured to a portion of the valve disc and a portion of the housing assembly, and a portion of a balancing cavity is defined by a top surface of the balancing diaphragm and an interior surface of the housing assembly. A sensing passage extends from the inlet of the regulator valve to the balancing cavity such that the inlet of the regulator valve is in fluid communication with the balancing cavity.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a fluid process control system having a control loop for controlling the flow of a material through a path in the fluid process control system. The control loop a control valve, a valve controller, and a fluid control line. The control valve is disposed in the path and is movable between an open position and a closed position. The valve controller is for controlling movement of the control valve. And, the fluid control line couples the valve controller to the control valve. The method detects a first pressure in the control loop with a first pressure sensor. Then, a second pressure can be detected at a location that is external to the control loop with a second pressure sensor. Finally, the method can include determining a characteristic of the control loop based on the first pressure.

Abstract: A slam-shut safety device includes a valve body and defining a flow path, a valve disc mounted on a valve disc support is movable between an open first position spaced away from the valve seat and a closed second position seated against the valve seat. A reset pin is operatively coupled to the valve disc support and is shiftable between an untripped position placing the valve disc in the open position and a tripped position placing the valve disc in the closed position. An anti-rotation assembly is carried by cooperating portions of the valve disc and the valve disc support, with the anti-rotation assembly comprising at least one protrusion and at least one receiving area sized to receive the protrusion, the anti-rotation assembly arranged to stop rotation of the valve disc relative to the valve disc support.

Abstract: A mass flow control system can be self verified for its accuracy when controlling a flow to a process. The system comprises: a control valve for controlling the flow of fluid through the system as a function of a control signal; a controller for generating the control signal as a function of measured flow of fluid through the system and a targeted flow set point; a pressure sensor for measuring the controlling fluid pressure for use in measuring and verifying the flow rate; and a source of fluid for providing a known volume of fluid for use in verifying the system accuracy anytime between steps of the flow control process.

Abstract: A method for operating a fluid flow system (300) is provided. The fluid flow system (300) includes a fluid flowing through a pipeline (301), a first pressure sensor (303) located within the pipeline (301), and a vibrating meter (5). The vibrating meter (5) includes a sensor assembly (10) in fluid communication with the first pressure sensor (303). The method includes steps of measuring a pressure of the fluid within the pipeline (301) using the first pressure sensor (303) and measuring one or more flow characteristics of the fluid using the vibrating meter (5). The method further includes a step of determining a static pressure of the fluid based on the pressure of the fluid within the pipeline (301) and the one or more flow characteristics. The method further includes a step of determining if the fluid contains at least some gas based on the static pressure of the fluid.

Abstract: A pressure control device for a vehicle tire inflating system is configured to receive compressed air via a ventilating inlet, activate at least one seal for sealing an air chamber between a stator and a rotor of a rotary feedthrough via a seal actuating outlet, and ventilate a tire at a ventilating outlet pressure via a ventilating outlet and the feedthrough. A control valve is pneumatically controllable by a control pressure, the ventilating outlet being ventilated at the outlet pressure by the control valve only when the control pressure is at least a defined minimum pressure. In response to pressure build-up at the ventilating inlet at least to the minimum pressure, the control pressure and the seal actuating pressure are built up for ventilating, but build-up of the control pressure is with respect to the seal actuating pressure. Activation of a seal prior to ventilation of the ventilating outlet is possible without additional actuating channels.

Abstract: An internal pressure sensor detects an internal pressure of the fuel tank, which stores fuel. A solenoid valve is configured to close to seal the fuel tank and is configured to open to open the fuel tank. An internal pressure acquisition unit is configured to acquire an internal pressure of the fuel tank from the internal pressure sensor. A drive control unit is configured to control the solenoid valve to open when the internal pressure of the fuel tank is greater than or equal to a first predetermined value, which is a negative value, and is less than a second predetermined value, which is 0 or a positive value.

Abstract: A bypass valve which may direct excess oil back into the cam chest where the return side of the oil pump may send the oil back into the oil tank. The bypass valve may fit within the bypass port of the cam plate and connect with a high pressure feed. The bypass valve may include a sleeve with a front opening and a needle valve within the bypass valve. The needle valve may be biased in a closed position, sealing off the front opening. When the high pressure feed exceeds a certain oil pressure, the needle valve may unblock the front opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for controlling gas flow to a semiconductor-processing chamber. The invention includes deactivating ratio setpoint feedback control in a flow ratio controller; initiating gas flow through the flow ratio controller; moving valves of the flow ratio controller to a preset position based on a stored position when an upstream pressure reaches a stored upstream pressure value, wherein the stored position and the stored upstream pressure value were stored during a prior process run; determining that steady state flow ratio controller output flows have been reached; and activating ratio setpoint feedback control in the flow ratio controller. Numerous additional features are disclosed.

Abstract: A dosing system for delivering reductant to an exhaust gas treatment system of an internal combustion engine using air driven hydraulic pumps for closed-loop controlling reductant pressure and a two-stage PWM control method for controlling dosing rate. Reductant residue in the dosing systems is purged by using compressed air after a dosing process completes, and when the air driven hydraulic pumps are positioned inside a reductant tank, dedicated heating means for the pumps is not necessary. The air driven hydraulic pumps can also use low pressure compressed air, and the closed-loop pressure control together with the two-stage PWM control allow dosing accuracy insensitive to pressure variations in compressed air. These new features enable the dosing system use a variety of compressed air sources, including an engine turbo.

Abstract: A method of fueling with compressed gas is described. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a supply of compressed gas; providing a storage tank with a fueling line, and a nozzle in the fueling line, the nozzle movable between at least a flow reduction position and a full fuel flow position; initiating fueling from the supply of compressed gas with the nozzle in the flow reduction position for a predetermined time or until a minimum pressure is obtained; when the predetermined time or the minimum pressure is obtained, moving the nozzle to the full fuel flow position; and fueling the storage tank from the supply of compressed gas with the nozzle in the full fuel flow position until fueling is completed. A vehicle incorporating the nozzle is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for avoiding scalding a bather with hot water from a hand held shower head, including operationally connecting hot and cold water supplies to a bathtub fill spigot, operationally connecting a compact pressure balanced valve having an output and a plurality of inputs to a bathtub deck, operationally connecting the compact pressure balanced valve output to the hand held shower head, operationally connecting a hot water source and a cold water source to respective pressure balanced valve inputs, and actuating the hand held shower head to achieve a water output characterized by a predetermined pressure and maximum temperature from the pressure balanced valve.

Abstract: A valve system for use in an inflatable bladder having two opposing layers and a bladder interior disposed between the two layers, the valve system includes (i) an aperture disposed at a position on one layer for filling and deflating the bladder interior,