Abstract: Provided are valveless microfluidic flowchips comprising fluid flow barrier structures or configurations. Further provided are systems and methods having increased fluid transfer control in a valveless microfluidic flowchip. The systems and methods can be used in the present valveless microfluidic flowchips as well as in currently available valveless microfluidic flowchips.

Abstract: A hinged valve is provided. The hinged valve includes a valve body, a valve stem, a valve disc, an actuator and a sliding member. The valve body is a housing, which is provided with a valve stem hole for partially accommodating the valve stem. The valve body has a passage with an inlet and an outlet. The valve disc is connected to the valve body through a hinge, so that the valve disc is able to rotate around the rotation axis of the hinge.

Abstract: A hot beverage maker manifold assembly is disclosed integrating components into the manifold body minimizing leak paths and creating efficient overall drain and vent performance of the aircraft hot beverage maker. A top vent valve is integrated into the manifold body for complete venting and draining performance in the manifold assembly as well as in an associated hot water tank and tank lines. An incorporated flow regulator housing within the manifold body at a tea line exit fitting limits the number of downstream leak paths and complexity. An integrated lower manifold clean out port allows for efficient bi-directional service of the manifold and efficient descaling and flushing.

Abstract: A plastic aerosol container includes a main body portion that is constructed and arranged to withstand aerosol pressurization within a range that is about 50-300 psig. The plastic aerosol container also includes a finish portion that is unitary with the main body portion. The finish portion may be threaded or unthreaded. The finish portion has a side wall, an upper sealing surface, at least one helical thread and a support ledge beneath the helical thread. Reinforcement structure is positioned beneath the support ledge for reinforcing the finish portion against deformation due to the pressurization. A method of stabilizing a plastic aerosol container is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluid connector assembly includes a connector body receiving a tubular member locked in place by a retainer clap carried on the connector body. An assurance cap mounted over the tubular member is movable to a forward most latched position on the connector body relative to the tubular member only when the tubular member is in the fully inserted, latched position in the connector body. The assurance cap body includes a plurality of alternating primary latch fingers and step fingers respectively engageable with a recess groove in the connector body and a raised surface on the tubular member. Secondary latches can include an inner support ring carried on the assurance cap body comprising an inner end engageable with a raised surface on the tubular member when the primary latched fingers are engaged with the recessed groove in the connector body.

Abstract: The invention concerns a circuit intended to transfer, by means of a pump, first fluid, such as an aqueous urea solution, from a reservoir to an injector, said circuit also containing a second fluid, such as air, and said circuit comprising, downstream of the pump and of the reservoir, a downstream circuit portion which includes, on the one hand, a main branch which leads to the injector and, on the other hand, bypass branch which returns to the reservoir and which is provided with a double-seat valve designed to selectively and automatically adopt: purge configuration allowing to purge the second fluid through the valve out of the main branch, a pressurized supply configuration allowing to direct the first fluid to the injector under a predetermined working pressure, and a recirculation configuration allowing a recirculation through the bypass branch, and to the reservoir, of the first fluid coming from said reservoir.

Abstract: Embodiments include a check valve that comprises a valve body defining an inlet port and an outlet port; a disc disposed within the valve body, wherein the disc is coupled to a pivot shaft and the pivot shaft is coupled to the valve body; a lever arm coupled to the disc, wherein when the disc rotates the lever arm rotates; an actuator shaft couple to a motor, and a first interference element coupled to the actuator shaft, wherein the lever arm contacts the first interference element when the disc is in a maximum open position; wherein when the motor rotates the actuator shaft moves longitudinally along its axis to move the first interference element thereby changing the maximum open position. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: A closed-loop refillable dispensing system may include one or more reusable or refillable product packages configured to dock with an automated filling station. The automated filling station automatically mixes concentrated chemical product with a diluent and dispenses the resulting chemical product solution. The product package may include a fitment insert configured to mate with a docking connector at the automated filling station. When the product package is removed from the docking connector, the fitment insert provides a positive, leak-proof seal for the product package.

Abstract: A mixing system is disclosed in which the system comprises a source of bone-graft or bone-graft-substitute material, a liquid source, and a vacuum source, at least one of the source of bone-graft or bone-graft-substitute material and the liquid source being in communication with the vacuum source. A valve assembly also forms part of the system, the valve assembly having a valve movable between a first position in which a first fluid passageway is created between the source of bone-graft or bone-graft-substitute material and the vacuum, and a second position in which a second fluid passageway is created between the source of bone-graft or bone-graft-substitute material and the liquid source, wherein, in the second position, the valve seals off the first fluid passageway, the vacuum source being adapted to generate a negative-pressure environment, relative to atmospheric pressure, within the valve assembly while the valve is in the first position.

Abstract: An encased dispenser comprising a casing and a dispenser is provided. The casing comprises a cap and a cover. The dispenser comprises a top part and a bottom part. The top part comprises a dispensing mechanism. The casing and the bottom part are engaged to each other, and the cap and the top part are engaged to each other. The engagement of the casing to the bottom part is stronger than the engagement of the cap to the top part, and the encased dispenser excludes threading.

Abstract: A heating system for a vehicle having a power plant with a power plant coolant loop, and a method of operation, is disclosed. The heating system may include a HVAC module and a heater core coolant loop. The HVAC module includes a heater core. The heater core coolant loop includes a three-way valve having an inlet engaging the heater core for receiving a coolant, a first outlet that directs the coolant back into the heater core coolant loop, and a second outlet that directs the coolant into the power plant; a coolant pump for pumping the coolant through the heater core coolant loop; and a coolant heater located upstream of the heater core that selectively heats coolant flowing therethrough. Also, a coolant line receives the coolant from a heater core outlet of the power plant and directs the coolant into the heater core coolant loop.

Abstract: A closed-loop refillable dispensing system may include one or more reusable or refillable product packages configured to dock with an automated filling station. The automated filling station automatically mixes concentrated chemical product with a diluent and dispenses the resulting chemical product solution. The product package may include a fitment insert configured to mate with a docking connector at the automated filling station. When the product package is removed from the docking connector, the fitment insert provides a positive, leak-proof seal for the product package.

Abstract: A connector is provided for connecting an auxiliary device to a fluid circulating system. The connector comprises a body with inlet and outlet ports for connection to the fluid circulating system, and an auxiliary port for connection to the auxiliary device. The auxiliary port diverts fluid from the inlet to the auxiliary device and returns fluid to the outlet port. A collar surrounds the auxiliary port, secured by two spring clips. When the spring clips are both locked, movement between the connector and auxiliary device is prevented. When the first clip is released and the second clip is locked, rotation between the connector and the auxiliary device about the central axis and a predetermined amount of movement along the axis is permitted. The connector can be fitted in a variety of orientations relative to the auxiliary device and angular adjustment is possible while the two remain connected and sealed.

Abstract: An encased dispenser (100, 100?, 200, 300, 400) comprising a casing (102) and a dispenser (104, 104?, 204, 304) is provided. The casing (102) comprises a cap (120, 120?, 220, 320, 420) and a cover (140, 140?, 240, 340, 440). The dispenser (104, 104?, 204, 304) comprises a top part (107) and a bottom part (106). The top part (107) comprises a dispensing mechanism (135). The casing (102) and the bottom part (106) are engaged to each other, and the cap (120, 120?, 220, 320, 420) and the top part (107) are engaged to each other. The engagement of the casing (102) to the bottom part (106) is stronger than the engagement of the cap (120, 120?, 220, 320, 420) to the top part (107), and the encased dispenser (100, 100?, 200, 300, 400) excludes threading.

Abstract: A valve is provided. The valve includes a body provided with fluid passages for circulating fluid therein. The body has a body interface with ports connected to the fluid passages. The valve also includes a valve element having a valve element interface facing the body interface. The valve element can move between different positions so as to permit or obstruct communication between the fluid passages. A biasing element biases the valve element interface against the body interface. A load varying mechanism is provided to load the biasing element with different sealing load forces according to the different positions of the valve element. The sealing load force applied on the rotor is thus decreased during rotation, reducing friction between the valve body and the valve element.

Abstract: A bottle for dispensing a fluid product including a body in which a container intended for packaging the product is formed, the bottle also including an extraction device equipped with a pushbutton reversibly movable over a stroke for actuation of the device between a resting position and a depressed position in which the dispensing orifice is in communication with the container via the device, the body being equipped with a valve for filling the container by suction of the product contained in a product source, an upper wall being integrated in the body by way of a sealed connection that can be destroyed manually, the extraction device being mounted in the body with the pushbutton held in the depressed position on the upper wall so as to place the connection in communication with the container.

Abstract: A gas and liquid massage system for a tub comprises jets. Each jet has a gas injector and a liquid injector. The jets concurrently inject liquid and gas. A liquid circuit feeds a flow of liquid to the liquid injectors. A gas circuit feeds a flow of gas to the gas injectors. A sequencer manifold in the gas circuit selectively closes the gas supply to some of the jets to intermittently inject gas with the injected liquid. A massage system controller operates the sequencer manifold in selectively closing the gas supply to some of the jets. A method for injecting fluids into the liquid of the tub is also provided.

Abstract: An isolation manifold includes a manifold body, a process connection at a first end of the manifold body, a pressure transmitter connection at a second end of the manifold body, a passageway through the manifold body, an isolation valve, and a pressure limiting device. The process connection is for fluidly connecting the isolation manifold to a process vessel or conduit containing a process fluid. The pressure transmitter connection is for fluidly connecting the isolation manifold to a pressure transmitter. The passageway fluidly connects the process connection to the pressure transmitter connection. The isolation valve is operable to selectively block the passageway to isolate the process connection from the pressure transmitter connection. The pressure limiting device fluidly connects to the passageway between the isolation valve and the pressure transmitter connection. The manifold may preferably include a pressure snubber within the passageway to increase the flow impedance of the passageway.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing backflow and contamination, and detecting by-pass leaks in a flow control arrangement is disclosed. The apparatus includes a vent line connecting a sweep gas source and a vent. Constant process-inert gas flows from the source through the vent line into the vent. The vent line is connected with the flow control arrangement. Any leakage in the flow control arrangement is channeled to the vent line and swept into the vent along with the sweep gas. As a result, pressure in the flow control arrangement cannot build up and leakage backflow is prevented. A flow switch may be disposed on the vent line for detecting leakage. The sweep gas flow rate is controlled at a constant level that is inadequate to actuate the flow switch and keeps the flow switch ready to actuate by any superimposed leakage. The flow switch detects a leakage when it actuates.

Abstract: Transfer chamber gas purge apparatus are disclosed. The transfer chamber gas purge apparatus has a transfer chamber adapted to contain at least a portion of a transfer robot, the transfer chamber including side walls, a chamber lid, and a chamber floor, wherein the chamber lid has a plurality of distributed chamber inlets. The plurality of distributed chamber inlets may include diffusing elements. Laminar purge gas flow may be provided above the substrate. Systems and methods including a plurality of distributed chamber inlets are disclosed, as are numerous other aspects.

Abstract: A cooling water scatter preventing type surge tank assembly, may include a pressure cap, a cap coupling boss, a multi-deformation ring mounted to the pressure cap and selectively engaged to the cap coupling boss to form a receiving space between the pressure cap and the cap coupling boss, wherein the multi-deformation ring may be configured to collect vapor or cooling water discharged through a discharge path opened when a pressure of the vapor or the cooling water rises to an allowable pressure or more, to the receiving space connected to an overflow port

Abstract: Valves for regulating the flow of fluids where high containment of the fluid is required for environmental and/or regulatory compliance.

Abstract: A bleed valve assembly includes a control assembly having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet and a passageway in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. A fluid inlet air pressure is greater than a fluid outlet air pressure. An electromechanical valve is disposed in the control assembly and provides selective fluid communication between the passageway and the fluid outlet. A valve assembly is disposed in the passageway of the control assembly and prevents fluid communication of non-gaseous fluid between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The valve assembly includes a float member and a float seat. A flow restrictor is in fluidic communication with the passageway and is configured to maintain a pressure within the assembly such that a change in a gaseous fluid pressure across the valve assembly is insufficient to close the valve assembly.

Abstract: A connector includes an inlet port into which liquid is poured and which has a first flow path for the liquid, a liquid discharge port to which a tube body is connectable and which has a second flow path discharging liquid from the first flow path to the connected tube body, a gas discharge which discharges air in the first flow path, and a blocking device which, when the liquid is poured in the first flow path, temporarily stops the liquid flow. Use of the connector involves sealing an opening section of the liquid discharge port, pouring liquid in the inlet port, causing air in the first flow path to be discharged, temporarily stopping the flow of the liquid in the first flow path, unsealing the opening section of the liquid discharge port, connecting the tube body to the liquid discharge port, and resuming flow of the liquid.

Abstract: A sampling port includes an elongated flexible support tube having an interior surface bounding a first passageway extending between a first end and an opposing second end, the first passageway being closed at the first end of the support tube and open at the second end of the support tube. An elongated flexible sampling tube has an interior surface bounding a second passageway extending between a first end and an opposing second end, the second passageway being open at the first end of the sampling tube, at least a portion of the sampling tube adjacently extending along the length of the support tube and being connected to the support tube. A flange encircles and radially outwardly projecting from the support tube and the sampling tube at a location spaced apart from the first end of the support tube and the first end of the sampling tube.

Abstract: A valve apparatus is comprised of a solenoid valve, a manual valve, a pressure relief device, a check valve, an excess flow shut-off device, and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is arranged inside the tank in an ambient atmosphere. The sealing member is prevented from falling off from the recess by a floating seal structure. The sealing effectiveness is improved by employing a double seal configuration and also by a smooth surface roughness. A high pressure seal structure is presented. The improved pressure relief device design for 75 MPa application has been presented.

Abstract: A regulator system for handling the flow of gases and fluids between a nutrient and medication supply system and an implanted g-tube using an intermediate chamber to cause phase separation of any gases entrained within the supply stream or backflow from the g-tube. The chamber is vented to allow escape of the separated gases while acting as a temporary reservoir retaining any solids or liquids for feeding into or return to the stomach through the g-tube.

Abstract: A dual tank structure includes first and second tanks with a common secondary containment structure which are all integrally supported on a common base frame. The common base frame includes longitudinal skids so as to be suitable for transport using a conventional winch truck. A passageway with an integral valve therein permits selective communication between the tanks. The common containment structure has a containment volume which is greater than a storage volume of a largest one of the first tank and the second tank and which is less than a combined storage volume of both the first tank and the second tank.

Abstract: A vent valve assembly includes a first housing component, a second housing component, and a third housing component, as well as a first valve and a second valve. The first, second, and third housing components are configured to assemble together along one directional axis with the second housing component, the first valve and the second valve between the first and third housing components and with the second valve laterally-spaced from the first valve. The assembled first, second, and third housing components define a nonlinear vapor flow path that redirects vapor from the first valve to the second valve, thereby reducing an overall height of the vent valve assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel tank (1) consisting of thermoplastic, with at least one continuous seam (3), with a filler orifice, with means for aeration and venting and with means for the conveyance and extraction of fuel which are in the form of at least one fuel conveying unit (11) arranged inside the fuel tank (1). In the fuel tank (1) according to the invention, with the exception of the filler orifice, no orifices or perforations which are substantially larger than the diameter of the line to be led through are provided in the tank wall, instead the fluid lines and/or electrical lines led out of or into the fuel tank (1) pass through the seam (3) of the fuel tank (1) so as to extend at an angle with respect to the profile of the seam (3), and/or are led partially through the filler orifice and, if appropriate, a filler neck adjoining the filler orifice.

Abstract: A compressed-air supply device for commercial vehicles is provided. The compressed-air supply device may be connected electrically to an electronic control device that may actuate at least one control valve. The control valve has at least one inlet, one ventilating connection and one outlet. The compressed-air supply device has a control line which is connected to the control valve outlet and may be connected to a control inlet of a compressor and/or an inlet of a regeneration valve, has a supply line via which compressed air may be guided to the control valve inlet, and has a ventilating line connected to the control valve ventilating connection. The control valve may be ventilated via the ventilating line, and is configured such that at a predefined opening pressure in the supply line it pneumatically produces a fluid-conducting connection between the inlet and the outlet such that the control line is ventilated.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a flow channel member, a liquid ejecting head, and a liquid ejecting apparatus which can suppress bubble mixing into a liquid and can be decreased in size.

Abstract: A fluidic structure has a first chamber having a connection to a fluid reservoir and a connection to an array of apertures, the chamber forming a flow path between the fluid reservoir and the array of apertures, a second chamber having a connection to at least one vent connected to an atmosphere external to the fluidic structure, and at least one path between the first chamber and the second chamber.

Abstract: A valve assembly for a fuel tank for a small engine includes a housing. A membrane is supported by the housing such that the membrane covers a housing opening. The membrane allows the passage of vapor through the membrane and into the housing cavity and prevents the passage of liquid through the membrane. A pressure relief valve is supported by the housing to control flow of a vapor through the housing cavity.

Abstract: A steam autoclave has a main drain line and an auxiliary drain line through which condensate in the autoclave chamber is drained, the auxiliary drain line having a conduit extending therethrough defining a path for condensate to move through the auxiliary drain line, and at least a portion of the conduit having a cross-section sized to permit effective draining of condensate through the conduit while the autoclave chamber is pressurized without substantial loss of steam pressure in the autoclave chamber. A sensor may be positioned in the autoclave chamber for sensing a pressure drop during condensate draining while the autoclave chamber is pressurized and for initializing insertion of additional pressurized steam into the autoclave chamber as needed to maintain adequate steam pressure in the autoclave chamber.

Abstract: A sulfurization facility, where the sulfurizing reaction is conducted in a wet smelting for nickel oxide ore, is improved particularly with the structural modification of its liquid storage vessels so that the consumption of a hydrogen sulfide gas used in a sulfurization step and the consumption of an alkali solution used for processing an exhaust gas can be reduced and the overall cost of operation will thus be minimized.

Abstract: This invention discloses a ventilating apparatus which has a configuration extending along a first axis, a second axis and a third axis. The first axis, the second axis and the third axis are orthogonal to each other. The ventilating apparatus includes a main body, a tail pipe and an airtight sealing material. The main body made of porous ceramics having an outer surface. The main body has a head end and a tail end disposed along the second axis, a first aperture passing therethrough along the first axis near the head end of the main body, and a first air orifice extending along the second axis. The tail pipe has a second aperture which is connected to the first aperture of the main body. The airtight sealing material covering the outer surface of the main body with the first aperture exposed.

Abstract: This invention discloses a ventilating apparatus which has a configuration extending along a first axis, a second axis and a third axis. The first axis, the second axis and the third axis are orthogonal to each other. The ventilating apparatus includes a main body and a tail pipe. The main body has a head end and a tail end disposed along the second axis, two sidewalls disposed along the third axis, and the first aperture along the first axis. The ventilating apparatus further includes a first air orifice which extends along the second axis and passes through from the tail end to the first aperture, and the bypassing air orifices which connect the first air orifice and the first aperture. The tail pipe has a second aperture which is connected to the first aperture of the main body.

Abstract: An exhaust-downpipe of a vehicle may include a base portion connected to a top of a catalyst converter having a vertical cylinder, an inlet circularly opened in a horizontal direction, an introduction round portion extending straight along the horizontal direction from the inlet and then and curvedly bent downward toward the base portion, and branch line portions connected to both outsides above the base portion with both ways branching and drawing a circular arc from the introduction round portion.

Abstract: A variety of elastomeric-based microfluidic devices and methods for using and manufacturing such devices are provided. Certain of the devices have arrays of reaction sites to facilitate high throughput analyses. Some devices also include reaction sites located at the end of blind channels at which reagents have been previously deposited during manufacture. The reagents become suspended once sample is introduced into the reaction site. The devices can be utilized with a variety of heating devices and thus can be used in a variety of analyses requiring temperature control, including thermocycling applications such as nucleic acid amplification reactions, genotyping and gene expression analyses.

Abstract: A fuel return block has a body with a coaxial inlet and outlet generally perpendicular to the body, a return port communicating with an inlet, and a vent generally parallel to the inlet and the outlet while communicating with the return port. The inlet and the outlet have external threading for connection to a fuel tank and to a fuel line. A common space between the inlet, the outlet, the return port, and the vent has a particular geometry conducive to ventilation of the fuel return block but not allowing escape of fuel through the vent. The inlet secures to a manufacturer's fitting upon the fuel tank so no second opening is required. The fuel return block equalizes pressures of the inlet, the outlet, and the return port preventing tank damage and interruptions to fuel delivery from negative pressure.

Abstract: A control valve (8) for a medical suction device (1) is provided, with the control valve (8) having an actuating element for freeing and closing a flow path (15) through a valve chamber (11) through the use of a valve plunger (12). Additional air intake openings (16) are formed on the actuating element (10) and define an additional flow path (21) through the valve chamber (11).

Abstract: A pressure reducing system for fuel gas and a natural gas dewaxing vehicle are disclosed. The pressure reducing system (6) comprises fuel gas pipelines which consist of successively connected a high pressure pipeline (41), a medium pressure pipeline (42) and a low pressure pipeline (43) in the flow direction of fuel gas. The tail end of the low pressure pipeline (43) connects with an combustion apparatus (7). A high pressure relief valve (17), a high pressure air feed valve (21), a heat exchanger (24) and a primary pressure reducing valve subassembly are connected on the high pressure pipeline (41). The heat exchanger (24) is provided with a hot fluid inlet (24A) and a hot fluid outlet (24B), wherein the hot fluid inlet (24A) connects with an hot water apparatus (12), and the hot fluid outlet (24B) connects with an water storage apparatus. The medium pressure pipeline (42) is equipped with a medium pressure relief valve (27) and a secondary pressure reducing valve (29).

Abstract: A system is shown which can replace the need for a traditional watertight manhole servicing a pre-insulated pipeline. The piping in the system is pre-insulated, as with a bonded foam insulation. The valves and fittings in the piping system are brought to a convenient height above the watertable in an excavated area in the surrounding earthen formation and are also pre-insulated. The pre-insulated valves and fittings are partially enclosed by a containment structure which keeps the surrounding earthen formation in place. Because the valves, fittings and piping are pre-insulated, it is not necessary to maintain the surrounding enclosure in a watertight condition as was the case with a traditional manhole.

Abstract: A reusable container for the sterile transfer of pharmaceutical recipients, in particular of syringe bodies. The container comprises an outer case and a sterilizable interior, wherein the interior is microbially isolated from the environment of the container. The interior has at least one holder for accommodating at least one nest for storing a plurality of pharmaceutical recipients. The nest can be removably accommodated in the holder. The container further has at least one container door for removing or introducing the nest into the interior and at least one lock for coupling the container to a sterile space. The lock is configured in such a way that, after coupling to the sterile space, it is possible to open the container door without substantially suspending sterility.

Abstract: A liquid delivery system includes at least one liquid storage tank; a manifold; an integral manifold vent system communicating directly with the manifold and including a manifold vent valve and a manifold vent pipe; a first liquid sensor; and a delivery outlet flow restrictor. The manifold is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the manifold being connected to the at least one liquid storage tank; the delivery outlet flow restrictor is located downstream from the manifold; the first sensor is adapted to detect the formation of an air pocket in the manifold; and the integral manifold vent system includes at least one section having an internal diameter small enough to ensure smooth filling of the manifold with the liquid being dispensed when the manifold vent valve is opened to release trapped gas.

Abstract: A bubble trap assembly for critical bioprocess applications. The assembly includes a disposable liner including a gas port disposed on a top of the liner, and two fluid ports disposed on the bottom of the liner. The fluid ports coupled in-line to the critical bioprocess application. A rigid vessel is included for housing the liner. The liner being sized to substantially conform to a shape of the inside of the vessel. The vessel includes an upper aperture for aligning with the gas port and a bottom opening opposed to the upper aperture. A bottom cap is included, removeably secured to the vessel and closing the bottom opening. The bottom cap together with the vessel substantially enclosing the liner. The bottom cap includes two lower apertures for aligning with the fluid ports. The bottom cap being formed by two cap portions capable of being separated.

Abstract: A manifold and distribution manifold assembly is described for use in dividing the flow of an air-entrained material from a primary distribution line into a plurality of secondary distribution lines. The manifold is formed of a single molded piece thereby reducing the overall tooling cost.

Abstract: This invention discloses a ventilating apparatus which has a configuration extending along a first axis, a second axis and a third axis. The first axis, the second axis and the third axis are orthogonal to each other. The ventilating apparatus includes a main body and a tail pipe. The main body has a head end and a tail end disposed along the second axis, two sidewalls disposed along the third axis, and the first aperture along the first axis. The ventilating apparatus further includes a first air orifice which extends along the second axis and passes through from the tail end to the first aperture, and the bypassing air orifices which connect the first air orifice and the first aperture. The tail pipe has a second aperture which is connected to the first aperture of the main body.

Abstract: A fluid handling structure configured to supply immersion liquid to a space defined between a projection system and a facing surface facing the fluid handling structure is disclosed. An undersurface of the fluid handling structure has a supply opening configured to supply fluid toward the facing surface, a plurality of extraction openings configured to remove fluid from between the fluid handling structure and the facing surface, and a protrusion between the supply opening and the extraction openings.