Abstract: An apparatus for generating a low concentration calibration gas mixture containing percent, ppm, ppb or ppt amounts of a desired analyte from a high concentration gas mixture and a high purity diluent using a series of source gas containing vessels and a series of parallel gas or chemical conduits controlled by mass flow controllers in a purged enclosure with conduits to purge gas conduits of residual gases or corrosive gases.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for facilitating the attainment of thermodynamic equilibrium and for measurement of interfacial tension of mixtures. A fixed volume chamber is connected at an upper end face and lower wall portion of the chamber to a first variable volume chamber and at a lower end face and upper wall portion of the chamber to a second variable volume chamber. Conduit valves and a valve controller control the flow of mixtures between the first and second variable volume chambers and the fixed volume chamber to selectively cause more dense component of the mixture to flow through less dense component of the mixture and less dense component of the mixture to flow through more dense component of the mixture, the flow through occurring within the fixed volume chamber.

Abstract: Water enters a common manifold at one or more individually line valved inlet ports, and is routed selectively by direct acting type solenoid operated valves to plural exit ports from the manifold.One exit port solenoid valve is normally open and the solenoid valves for each of the other exit ports are normally closed. For instance valve 5a controls all three ports 3a-3c.The line valves are closed thus lowering the pressure within manifold 1, whenever any one or more of exit valves is to be actuated--i.e., closing the normally open or opening the normally closed valves which are low force directing acting.If desired, the normally open (N.O.) exit valve may have a small central hole in the moveable valve poppet for allowing a pilot flow for lowering of pressure, when this normally open valve is in the closed position and is to be allowed to open without requirement for a very strong return spring 21. The N.O.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for precision batch or continuous flow blending of gases are described. Pulsatile precision metering valves having substantially zero dead space are employed to introduce gases to a mixing chamber or manifold in predictable uniform quantities to achieve precision gas blends according to predetermined criteria. During batch processing, gases to be blended are repeatedly characterized by the change in mixing vessel pressure with respect to time immediately after blending. Estimates of additional amounts of a given gas to be added to achieve a desired final partial pressure of the given gas in the mixing vessel are based on empirical data previously measured and stored for the gas in question.

Abstract: A pressure balancing foam valve includes a body having a liquid inlet at one end and a liquid outlet at an opposite end, and having an annular passage therethrough. A first stage pressure regulating assembly is disposed within the annular passage of the valve and includes a shaft that is attached at a first end to the liquid inlet. A one-piece pressure disc is slidably disposed on the shaft. The disc is urged into a seated position against an end portion of the liquid inlet by a spring interposed between the pressure disc and a second end of the shaft. The spring is selected so that the pressure disc is placed into the seated position during low pressure conditions to prevent liquid flow through the valve, and to permit compression by force of the disc from increasing liquid pressure to unseat the disc and permit liquid flow through the valve. A second stage pressure regulator is a venturi-shaped annular passage through a wall portion of the liquid outlet.

Abstract: A fluid delivery apparatus including a chamber for holding a conduit, such as a portion of a human vascular tissue, a fluid supply source for delivering a fluid into the conduit and a fluid pressure modulating device for modulating the fluid pressure supplied from the fluid source before the fluid enters the conduit. The modulating device produces a fluid having a desired pressure waveform for delivery to the conduit. The modulating device includes a microprocessor that digitizes the desired pressure waveform into a plurality of discrete digitized data points and stores a motion controller computer program. The modulating device further includes a motion controller which receives the digitized data points and the motion controller computer program and which at least partially restricts the delivery of the fluid to the conduit based on the digitized data points and the motion controller computer program to produce the desired pressure waveform for delivery to the conduit.

Abstract: Device for determining the Wobbe index of a first gas mixture, including a Wobbe index meter having a mixing chamber, and a feed system for supplying a first gas mixture and an oxidation gas to the mixing chamber of the Wobbe index meter. The feed system includes structure for supplying the first gas mixture to the mixing chamber via a first number of openings, structure for supplying an oxidation gas to the mixing chamber via a second number of openings, structure for keeping a constant ratio between the a quantity of first gas mixture and the a quantity of oxidation gas supplied to the mixing chamber, structure for burning the second gas mixture formed in the mixing chamber and structure for determining the oxygen content of the combustion gas obtained after combustion.

Abstract: A storage container (12) is filled with a combustible mixture of gases including a flammable gas and a primary gas which contains an oxidizer gas. The primary gas is conducted from a source (16) of the primary gas to an intermediate primary gas container (22). The flammable gas is conducted from a source (18) of flammable gas to an intermediate flammable gas container (24). The primary gas is conducted to the storage container (12) from the intermediate primary gas container (22). Similarly, the flammable gas is conducted to the storage container (12) from the intermediate flammable gas container (24). Preferably, the flammable gas is conducted to the storage container (12) before the primary gas is conducted to the storage container. The storage container (12) is filled relatively quickly, in less than four minutes, and, in one embodiment, in approximately 1.2 minutes.

Abstract: The inventive method inverts and activates polymer, and delivers it to an output at a relatively high concentration of polymer in an electrolyte fluid, such as water. The inversion and activation results from four steps: (1) premixing polymer and a diluent, (2) blending the premixed polymer/diluent in a derated centrifugal pump, (3) recycling a portion of the blended mix, and (4) suddenly relaxing the pressure to relax the polymer in the blended polymer/diluent mixture. A secondary source of the fluid is applied at the output to the high concentration in order to dilute it to a desired level of concentration. A pilot controlled valving system controls the secondary source of the fluid and maintains a uniform dilution despite any fluctuation in the delivery of the fluid to the activating system. A sensor at the output feeds back a control signal to maintain a uniform level of polymer activity in the outflow from the system.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for simulation of field fluid flow conditions under elevated temperature and pressure conditions of oil and gas production, refining, cooling towers, desalinization. The process involves evaluating inhibitor action in reduction of a specified chemical reaction under simulated field aqueous flow conditions by forming first and second aqueous flow streams having a preset concentration of anions and cations, respectively, for the specified chemical reaction with at least one of these streams having a concentration of the inhibitor to inhibit the specified chemical reaction. These streams are combined to form a single process stream where the specified chemical reaction may take place. The process is repeated with successive reductions in inhibitor until detecting the specified chemical reaction in the process stream.

Abstract: A process for absorbing a water-soluble oil present as an aqueous emulsion in a cutting fluid which comprises contacting said cutting fluid with a composition containing at least one norborene polymer selected from polycyclo [2.2.1]-2-heptene or poly-5-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene, and at least one alkaline earth metal halide as an agent for breaking an aqueous emulsion of a water-soluble oil.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for mixing gases while providing a substantially constant gas-to-gas ratio while increasing or decreasing the flow of the mixture, wherein the flows of gases introduced into the mixing step are turbulent and have a Reynolds number of above about 2000.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing standard gas mixtures which entails purifying a raw gas using a gas purifier (3) such as a known two stage gas purifier system, thereby generating a high-purity diluent gas;mixing the high-purity diluent gas and at least one high-concentration standard gas, by generating a medium-concentration gas mixture;dividing the medium-concentration gas mixture into a first flow and a second flow;selectively mixing the first flow with a sample gas or a high-purity diluent gas or a mixture thereof, thereby obtaining a standard low-concentration gas mixture; andcontrolling the pressure of the sample gas, the second flow of the medium-concentration gas mixture and the standard low concentration gas mixture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing gas mixtures by a plurality of dilution steps of a high concentration standard gas with a high purity diluent gas. According to the invention, as soon as the high purity diluent gas is generated, no further contaminants such as gaseous impurities are added during the further mixing of diluting steps of the process. Only orifices or needle valves are used in the mixing or diluting lines while mass flow controllers and pressure regulators are placed upstream, at the output of the gas sources and/or downstream, i.e. in the gas-venting lines. The invention particularly applies to trace analysis of gas with Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Abstract: N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 are admitted, through separate valves actuated by single high hysteresis actuator, into a mixing device when the mixture is fed to a beer keg. The actuator is dependant upon the relative Co.sub.2 N.sub.2 mixture pressures so as to maintain the mixture pressure within predetermined limits and in one embodiment the use of a venturi mixing device ensures that the mixture composition remains substantially constant when the N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 gases are at substantially different pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for combining fluids having a piston assembly which controls both the flow rate and the mixture ratio. The piston assembly is carried in a housing having two inlet ports and an outlet port or mixing chamber. The housing and piston assembly also define first and second piston chambers. A first passageway permits the communication of the dominate gas port and the one piston chamber and a second passageway similarly permits the communication of the mixing chamber and the another piston chamber. The relative pressures in the first and second piston chambers influences the axial position of the piston which controls flow rate. Rotation of the piston controls mixture ratio.

Abstract: Gaseous mixtures are formed by introducing plural gases into a container with a predetermined dilution ratio of one gas in the other, withdrawing the gases from the container and admixing them in a pump, and returning the admixed gases to the container. Further dilutions according to the same or a different dilution ratio can be performed, thereby to obtain a highly dilute gas in accurately predetermined proportions. The gaseous mixtures have utility in inhalation therapy and other processes, and may for example comprise mixtures of oxygen or ammonia in diluents such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.

Abstract: A checkvalve is provided for dispersing a fluid into a flowing stream. All operating parts of the checkvalve are located in the flowing stream to provide uniform and rapid dispersion of the fluid.

Abstract: A flueric partial pressure sensor (10) includes a flueric bridge sensor (10a) having two bridge legs (11, 12) adapted for sensing a reference-gas and a sample-gas. A linear resistor (14, 15) and an orifice resistor (16, 17) are incorporated in each leg and arranged to cause asymmetric flow rates therethrough. Inlets to the two bridge legs are subject to a datum pressure within a datum pressure chamber (38) so that a change of datum pressure automatically changes control signals output by the sensor. The partial pressure sensor is disclosed in combination with a molecular sieve type gas concentration system (24) in an on-board oxygen enrichment of air system for an aircraft and enables the oxygen concentration in oxygen enriched air delivered by the system to be appropriate to breathing requirement at an altitude intermediate aircraft cabin and ambient atmospheric pressures.

Abstract: The gaseous CO.sub.2 is supplied at a pressure of 10 bars and at a constant rate of flow to the primary inlet (3) of an aspiration device (1). Gaseous SO.sub.2 coming from a cylinder (24) which is heated and contains liquid SO.sub.2 is conducted through a heated line (4) provided with an adjustable flow meter (27) to the secondary inlet (5) of the aspiration device. The mixture issuing from the latter is injected into a buffer tank (6) whose pressure is regulated at a value higher than the pressure of utilization and is drawn from this buffer tank when utilized. Applications in the supplying of mixtures for hardening sand moulds or cores to foundries of medium size.

Abstract: A gas mixing device and method for filling gas storage cylinders with two or more diverse gases and automatically mixing the gases. A high pressure cylinder valve has an elongate hollow tube welded into the valve body and extending to the lower end of a storage cylinder. A plurality of holes through the tube sidewalls is distributed in a spiral along the length of the tube. Each gas is filled in order of its final pressure and distributed along the length of the cylinder thereby mixing with the other gases.

Abstract: Chemicals spilled on porous surfaces may be removed therefrom by applying to the spill site a poultice in the form of a slurry or paste of finely divided particulate material dispersed in a volatile solvent in which the spilled chemical substance is soluble, allowing the solvent to be absorbed into the porous substrate. The poultice is then allowed to dry, thereby effecting a wicking action causing extraction of the chemical substance from the substrate into the poultice.

Abstract: A gas supply for feeding at least two components of a combustion mixture to a combustion chamber has gas dosing cylinders (16, 19) respectively for oxygen and fuel of which the gas filling pressures are controllable or adjustable by a pressure regulator (15) and a throttle valve (18) respectively. The mixture ratio of the gases can thus be changed between each filling of the dosing devices by control of the setting motor (35) of the pressure regulator. This setting can also change the filling pressure in the combustion chamber (10). The length of the piston stroke in the dosing cylinders can also be controlled.

Abstract: A method of mixing a gas and a vaporizable liquid to provide a gaseous mixture having a constant composition, regardless of change in rate of flow, except as hereinafter provided, comprising:(a) introducing a mixture comprising a gas and a vaporizable liquid in predetermined proportions into the tube side of a tube and shell heat exchanger at a flow rate sufficient to cause turbulent flow;(b) introducing a heating fluid into the shell side of the heat exchanger at a temperature sufficient to vaporize at least part of the vaporizable liquid whereby the vaporizable liquid separates into a vapor phase and a liquid phase; and(c) delivering the mixture of gas and vapor phase to a use point and recycling the liquid phase to a point at which it will be mixed with gas for introduction into step (a).

Abstract: In an installation for treating workpieces by a glow discharge in a mixture of gases, the gas pressure is detected and valves for the various gases are cyclically and symmetrically opened and closed by amounts relative to the volumetric ratio of the gases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the chemical treatment of plants using a mixing tank connected to the inlet side of a pre-existing irrigation system having a shutoff valve and antisiphon valve. The tank is connected through an antisiphon valve and a throttling valve at the top of the tank to the high pressure side of the pre-existing shutoff valve and antisiphon valve using a saddle connector valve and flexible tube. The bottom of the tank is connected to the low pressure side of the pre-existing shutoff valve and antisiphon valve using a second saddle connector valve and flexible tube. Chemical to be dispersed is placed in the tank. The connector valves are first both opened while the throttling valve remains closed. Next the shutoff valve is opened to commence irrigation. Low pressure water backflows to fill the tank through its bottom connection, and the low water pressure is read on a gauge connected to the tank.

Abstract: A method of introducing hydrogen into a gas pipeline or other pressurized gas containers is disclosed. The method comprises feeding hydrogen from a low pressure source into the gas container through a barrier which is freely permeable to hydrogen but impermeable to the gas in the container until the hydrogen partial pressure in the container becomes equal to the hydrogen pressure which is applied to the barrier.

Abstract: Apparatus for combining fluid flows in variable proportions is adapted for blending an active constituent gas and a diluent gas to calibrate gas analyzers used in monitoring pollution.Diluent gas passes from source 34 through a downstream differential pressure regulator 17 and a constant flow restrictor 12 to outlet 14 which communicates with control port 20 of regulator 17. Active gas passes from source 35 through differential pressure regulator 23, through three fixed parallel flow restrictors 22, 29 and 30 to combine with the diluent gas upstream of restrictor 12. Control port 26 of regulator 23 communicates with the input to restrictor 12. Switching of valves 31, 32 and 33 varies the rate of flow along conduit 16 and hence the proportions of gases combined upstream of restrictor 12. Regulator 23 maintains flow along 16 substantially constant for given valve settings, and regulator 17 maintains flow along outlet 14 substantially constant despite changes in flow rate in the conduit 16.

Abstract: An apparatus for the controlled proportioning of gases to be delivered to a consumer comprises a mixed gas line containing the mixed gases to be delivered to the consumer which is connected to a plurality of separate gas supply lines. Each of the supply lines includes a quick-acting, electrically controlled valve which is controlled by control means which is effective to deliver a control pulse to open and close the valve in accordance with a set time slot pattern. For this purpose, the controller advantageously includes means for sensing the pressure in each of the supply lines and the mixed gas line and for regulating the quick-acting valves in accordance with one or more input signals which are fed to a computer section of a controller which has an actuator section which is operated in accordance with the sensed information and the input signals to carry out the supply of the gases in the set time slot pattern.

Abstract: A flow control device is provided for controlling the pressure of a controlled fluid in a secondary line as a function of the pressure of a controlling gas in a primary line. The device includes a pressure regulator having a housing divided into upper and lower chambers by a diaphragm. A pressure divider is connected to the upper chamber in such manner that the pressure in the upper chamber is proportional to the pressure of the controlling gas. The secondary line is connected to the lower chamber. Fluid communication between an upstream portion of the secondary line and the lower chamber is controlled by a valve operatively associated with the diaphragm. When the pressure in the upper chamber is less than a predetermined pressure, the valve blocks fluid communication between the upstream portion of the secondary line and the lower chamber.

Abstract: A gas mixing device comprises a plurality of gas lines for the conveyance of the separate gases to be mixed, each of which has a pressure regulator with a pressure control. A common gas mixture line is connected to each of the gas lines downstream of the pressure controls therein and a constant admission pressure regulator is provided in the mixture line. Control pressure is provided from a control pressure source which, for example, may be at the tapping of the gas mixture line. The control pressure is connected to each of the pressure controls for the pressure regulators and the gas lines and this control pressure is regulated by control means which may be in response to the pressure in each of the individual gas lines or in response to the pressure in the common gas mixture line downstream of the constant admission pressure regulator means.

Abstract: Oxygen is mixed into hydrogen for use as breathing gas for divers, pressure chambers and the like in precise and regulated amounts. Provision is also made to prevent explosion of these mutually reactive gases during mixing.

Abstract: A control system and a method for regulating the division of a single feed stream between two or more pieces of processing equipment operated in parallel. The feed stream enters a three-way valve and is then equally divided into two smaller streams which flow through separate pieces of process equipment and then through separate check valves. The pressure of each of the smaller streams is monitored to detect leakage in either piece of the equipment. The flow normally passing through the leaking piece of equipment is diverted to the intact piece of equipment when the leakage causes a predetermined pressure difference.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mixing coal char particles with a hot stream of combustion gases containing molten ash particles, in order to prevent build-up of ash in the apparatus. The coal char particles, fluidized with a gas, are discharged as an annulus about the stream of combustion gases, so that the molten ash particles are cooled and solidified by progressive mixing with the char particles and thus prevented from reaching the walls of the apparatus in a molten state.

Abstract: At least two gas streams are passed into a surge vessel. The flow rate of a first one of the gas streams is manipulated responsive to either the deviations of the pressure in the surge vessel from a first pressure value or the deviations of the flow rate from a set value, depending on which would provide the larger flow rate. The flow rate of a second stream is manipulated responsive to deviations of the pressure in the surge vessel from a second pressure value which is higher than the first pressure value. The system is particularly applicable to the selective use of in-plant produced fuel gas, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas to supply fuel gas demands in a plant, with the natural gas stream and the propane stream being the first and second streams, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for diluting gas. The apparatus has a primary passage having at opposite ends an inlet for component gas and an inlet for a diluent gas, a secondary passage for collecting the mixture of the component gas and the diluent gas, and a plurality of gas pressure reducing tubes each having the same structure for reducing the pressure of gas flowing therethrough by the same amount and which are connected in parallel between the primary passage and the secondary passage.

Abstract: A method for the control of the proportion of two gases which are delivered to a mixed gas line for use for example in a respiratory breathing apparatus in which the gases are delivered to a mixed gas line from a pressure control vessel, comprises continuously monitoring the pressure in the control vessel and when the pressure therein is at an initial predetermined pressure admitting a first gas into the pressure control vessel until the pressure therein increases to a predetermined higher pressure and then stopping the admission of the first gas and initiating the admitting of a second gas into the pressure control vessel, continuing to admit the second gas until a predetermined additional higher pressure is achieved in the pressure control vessel, discontinuing the admission of the second gas when the predetermined additional higher pressure is reached and initiating the withdrawal of the mixed gas through the mixed gas line, continuing to withdraw the mixed gas through the mixed gas line until an initial p

Abstract: A method of accurately mixing gases in desired proportions which comprises establishing the gases to be mixed at a uniform pressure; sequentially feeding the gases through a common restrictor for proportionate time periods to give the gas mix desired.

Abstract: A method of distributing natural gas by pipeline comprising pumping liquefied natural gas (LNG) for a predetermined portion of the desired distance, applying processes in which the refrigeration value of the gas is utilized and the high boiling point components are separated, and then vaporizing the remaining liquid prior to its being further transported by pipeline in the gaseous phase.