Abstract: A modular hydraulic braking system for a rail vehicle includes a medium that transmits to an electronic unit of a vehicle. The braking system includes at least one functional module, and one universal interface for transmitting control data via a signal channel, to the transmission medium between the at least one functional module and the vehicle electronic unit.

Abstract: A servo valve includes first and second nozzles spaced apart from each other, an elongate control member positioned between the nozzles, and a solenoid assembly surrounding at least a portion of the control member. The elongate control member has a first end and an opposing second end. The control member is configured to translate in response to the solenoid assembly being energised, such that the first end is moved towards the first nozzle and the second end is moved away from the second nozzle or the first end is moved away from the first nozzle and the second end is moved towards the second nozzle.

Abstract: A torsion bridge for use in a servovalve includes a body extending along and adapted to rotate about a first axis; a passage extending through the body along a second axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis, the passage defining a first cylindrical surface having a radius R1; an annular groove formed in the first cylindrical surface. The annular groove includes: a second cylindrical surface extending substantially in the direction of the second axis, the second cylindrical surface having first and second ends and a radius R2, where R2 is greater than R1; a first annular surface joining the first cylindrical surface to the first end of the second cylindrical surface; and a second annular surface joining the second end of the second cylindrical surface to the first cylindrical surface.

Abstract: In one aspect, a system for operating an agricultural harvester may include a sensor assembly having a base member pivotably coupled to a first row divider of the harvester. The sensor assembly may also include first and second arms extending outwardly from the base member along opposite sides of a centerline of the first row divider. The system may further include a controller communicatively coupled to the sensor assembly. The controller may be configured to monitor the distance between the first and second arms based on measurement signals received from the sensor assembly. Furthermore, the controller may be further configured to switch the harvester from a first operating mode to a second operating mode when it is determined that the monitored distance has exceeded a predetermined distance threshold.

Abstract: An electro-pneumatic controller includes a base portion having at least one lateral surface and a plurality of passageways disposed through the base portion. A bore extends through the lateral surface, and the bore has a counterbore portion and a threaded engagement portion. A standard NPT plug may be coupled to the base portion, and the plug has a head portion and an engagement portion that threadedly engages the engagement portion of the bore. A top surface of the head portion of the plug is coplanar with the lateral surface of the base portion or is disposed within the counterbore portion of the bore.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a displacement amplification structure and a method for controlling displacement. In one aspect, the displacement amplification structure of the present disclosure includes a first beam and a second beam substantially parallel to the first beam, an end of the first beam coupled to a fixture site, and an end of the second beam coupled to a motion actuator; and a motion shutter coupled to an opposing end of the first and second beams. In response to a displacement of the motion actuator along an axis direction of the second beam, the motion shutter displaces a distance along a transversal direction substantially perpendicular to the axis direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a displacement amplification structure and a method for controlling displacement. In one aspect, the displacement amplification structure of the present disclosure includes a first beam and a second beam substantially parallel to the first beam, an end of the first beam coupled to a fixture site, an end of the second beam coupled to a motion actuator, and a motion shutter coupled to an opposing end of the first and second beams. In response to a displacement of the motion actuator along an axis direction of the second beam, the motion shutter displaces a distance along a transversal direction substantially perpendicular to the axis direction.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a torsion spring, comprising providing a section of sheet metal, and forming the torsion spring from the section of sheet metal.

Abstract: In an example, an electrostatic spray module includes a base unit formed of a sturdy, rigid, liquid impermeable, electrically insulative material and a cover formed of a sturdy, rigid, liquid impermeable, electrically insulative material and sized for covering the base unit. The base unit and the cover configured for mating engagement together so as to form a liquid impermeable, electrically insulative, protective enclosure when the module is in a closed state to keep the internal components clean and dry and prevents high voltage shorting and prevents leakage of current by inhibiting a high voltage from establishing a return path to ground. The spray module includes a quick access latch and gasket system—with no tools required to open for maintenance. The module includes integral place holders for components including air supply manifold and variable voltage supply to provide a selectable high voltage level to accommodate various spraying application.

Abstract: Servo-valve that drives an actuator by using a fluid. The servo-valve includes a nozzle having a discharge edge forming an outline of a discharge port from which the fluid is discharged and a tapered inner wall growing narrower toward the discharge edge, and a receiver that is provided with a flow path into which the fluid discharged from the discharge port flows. The nozzle is displaced in a direction different from the fluid discharge direction. The flow path extension direction is inclined with respect to a direction orthogonal to an inflow surface facing the nozzle by an angle ?. A taper angle determined by the tapered inner wall is larger than twice the angle ?. With such a configuration, the component of flow force exerted from the fluid on the tapered inner wall decreases. Since the nozzle can be quickly displaced, response speed of the actuator is improved.

Abstract: A micro-gas pressure driving apparatus includes a miniature gas transportation module and a miniature valve module. The miniature gas transportation module includes a gas inlet plate, a fluid channel plate, a resonance membrane and a piezoelectric actuator. A first chamber is defined between the resonance membrane and the piezoelectric actuator. After the piezoelectric actuator is activated to feed a gas through the gas inlet plate, the gas is transferred to the first chamber through the fluid channel plate and the resonance membrane and then transferred downwardly. Consequently, a pressure gradient is generated to continuously push the gas. The miniature valve module includes a gas collecting plate, a valve membrane and a gas outlet plate. After the gas is transferred from the miniature gas transportation module to the gas-collecting chamber, the gas is transferred in one direction, so that a pressure-collecting operation or a pressure-releasing operation is selectively performed.

Abstract: A steel measuring element is provided. The steel measuring element is made of an austenitic chromium-nickel steel with a low carbon and nitrogen content for measuring pressure, with an edge zone being provided with increased hardness.

Abstract: An electromagnetic linear valve which can effectively suppress a self-excited oscillation of a plunger is provided. A resilient member 64 urges a plunger 22 in a direction in which the core-opposing portions 70, 78 move away from a core portion 28, and moves the plunger 22 in a direction in which the core-opposing portions 70, 78 approach the core portion 28 in the case where an electric current is supplied to a coil 24.

Abstract: A positioner includes: an explosion proof container containing, in an interior space, an electric circuit module and an electropneumatic converter converting, into pneumatic signals, electric signals processed by the electric circuit module; and a pneumatic amplifier, provided outside of the explosion proof container, amplifying the pneumatic signal converted by the electropneumatic converter. The explosion proof container is formed with air flow paths for the air fed into the pneumatic amplifier and the air fed out of the pneumatic amplifier, in a thick portion between inner and outer wall faces of the container that encompasses the surrounding of the interior space. The air flow paths are formed along an inner wall face of the explosion proof container. The inner wall face of the explosion proof container where on the air flow path is formed is arc-shaped or a shape that uses many curved faces of free curve shapes.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for providing an electromagnetic flow controller. In one embodiment, an electromagnetic flow controller can have two substrates, a permanent magnet, and two electrical traces. One of the substrates may deflect away from the other substrate upon applying an electrical signal to at least one of the two electrical traces.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for modulating the downstream pressure output of a pressure reducing hydraulic control valve in response to the flow demand fluctuation the method comprising. Included is an adjustable pressure pilot valve mechanism having a drive element extending from the control valve. The drive element is displaceable in response to a flow capacity through the hydraulic control valve. Also included is an adjustable pressure pilot valve deployed along a control tube connecting an upstream pressure port to a downstream pressure port, the adjustable pressure pilot valve associated with the drive element such that adjustable settings of the adjustable pressure pilot valve are responsive to displacement of the drive element.

Abstract: A pump control system and a torque control valve are disclosed. In one embodiment, the torque control valve includes a sleeve, a spool disposed in the sleeve, and a piston rod disposed through the spool. The spool has a first recess area, a second recess area, and a third recess area. The first and third recess areas each have a port extending into a central bore of the spool. The piston rod includes a groove orifice feature having a spiral groove and is configured such that a fluid flowing from the port in the first recess area to the port in the third recess area must flow through at least a portion of the spiral groove. The fluid flowing through the spiral groove operates to bias the spool in a direction towards the second axial end of the spool.

Abstract: A multifunctional energy saving and carbon reduction apparatus includes an outer pipe and a foam layer. The outer pipe includes an inlet and an outlet, and each of the inlet and outlet is connected to an outer-pipe connector, inside the outer pipe is formed an inner space in communication with the inlet and the outlet. The foam layer is stuffed in the inner space and formed with a plurality of orifices and contains small amount of natural radiation ore powder. The multifunctional energy saving and carbon reduction apparatus allows the reactants, such as liquid fuel and oxidizer or gaseous fuel and oxidizer, to come into direct contact with the radiation element layer, when the reactants flow through the energy saving and carbon reduction apparatus, so as to enhance combustion efficiency.

Abstract: In a coating apparatus including: an anilox roller which is rotatably supported and in which multiple recessed cells are formed on an outer peripheral surface; and a chamber device which is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the anilox roller and in which varnish to be coated on a sheet is delivered from a delivery path of a chamber head into a chamber, the chamber device configured to supply the delivered varnish from the chamber to the cells of the anilox roller and discharge the varnish in the chamber from a discharge hole of a chamber body to the outside, the chamber device has pressure fluctuation reducing means, in an attachment hole of the chamber body, for reducing a pressure fluctuation in the chamber of the chamber head in such a way that the pressure in the chamber is maintained constant.

Abstract: A charging device for a shaft furnace comprises a main casing and at least one nozzle for introducing a clean gas into the casing. According to an important aspect of the invention, a controller is configured to adapt the supply (the flow rate) or pressure of clean gas in the main casing based on charging status information.

Abstract: In a comparing circuit, the value of a control signal from a higher-level device and a normal range that is set for the control signal are compared, and the result is sent to a control unit. The control unit, when sent the result indicating that the value of the control signal is outside of the normal range, forcibly adjusts the electric current signal (the adjusted electric current) to the electropneumatic converter to zero, regardless of the deviation between the value indicated by the control signal and the value indicated by the valve opening signal. The adjustment of the electric current in the control unit is performed using a normal function that is possessed by the control unit, that is, the function for changing continuously the value of the electric current signal in accordance with the deviation.

Abstract: A modulator (10, 10A) for changing a constant flow of gas to a pulsed or intermittent flow of gas, said modulator (10, 10A) including a housing component (11) and an insertion tube (15) for insertion into a hollow interior (16) of the housing component (11) wherein after insertion of the insertion tube (15) into the housing component (11), gas is generated either in situ within the hollow interior (16) of the housing component (11) and be caused to flow out of an outlet (23A) of the modulator (10, 10A) in pulses or alternatively gas is passed into the insertion tube (15) in a constant flow and upon reaching the hollow interior (16) of the housing component (11) is released therefrom through the outlet (23A) in a pulsed flow.

Abstract: A pneumatic amplifier is provided comprising a supply air valve with a supply input connected to a pneumatic supply, a signal input for receiving a pneumatic input signal, a signal output for transmitting an amplified pneumatic output signal, a valve member for continuously opening or cutting off a pneumatic connection between the pneumatic supply and the signal output, and a diaphragm coupled with the valve member exposed at one side to the pneumatic input signal and having an opposite side. An exhaust air valve is provided with a bleed output, and a valve member for opening or cutting off a pneumatic connection between the signal output of the supply air valve and the bleed output. The valve members of the supply air valve and the exhaust air valve are structurally separated. The opposite side of the supply air valve diaphragm is exposed to the amplified pneumatic output signal.

Abstract: A print head includes a fluid cavity and nozzle in fluid communication with the fluid cavity. A stopper is positioned adjacent the nozzle and adapted to control flow of fluid through the nozzle. An arm supports the stopper and is configured to pivotally move the stopper with respect to the nozzle. An electromagnet is positioned adjacent the arm and configured to move the arm toward the electromagnet to open the nozzle.

Abstract: A connector can include a first portion with a cylindrical end. The connector can also include a second portion having a cylindrical cavity and a plurality of collars disposed along an interior circumference of the cavity and extending inward so as to contact the first portion when the first portion is inserted into the second portion and to create a seal between the cylindrical end and the cylindrical cavity. The connector can further include a pressure equalization channel with an opening toward the cylindrical cavity at one end and a valve disposed at the other end, the valve being configured to have a first position at which the pressure equalization channel is open to an exterior, and a second position at which the pressure equalization channel is sealed.

Abstract: An I/P converter is disclosed. The I/P converter comprises a nozzle (7) coupled to a magnetic circuit. A temperature compensation ring (3) is coupled to the top side of the magnetic circuit. A flexure (1) is coupled to the temperature compensation ring. The temperature compensation ring is configured to position the flexure relative to a first end of the nozzle and the temperature compensation ring is configured to maintain the relative position between the nozzle and the flexure over a range of temperatures.

Abstract: A process fluid pressure transmitter for measuring a process pressure referenced to atmospheric pressure is provided. The process fluid pressure transmitter includes a pressure sensor fluidically coupled to a pair of pressure conveying conduits. The pressure sensor has an electrical characteristic that varies with the pressures applied by the pressure conveying conduits. A process fluid inlet is disposed to contact a process fluid, and is in fluidic communication with a first conduit of the pair of pressure conveying conduits. An atmospheric vent is coupled to a second conduit of the pair of pressure conveying conduits. The atmospheric vent is replaceable and has a filter element disposed therein.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle includes a fuel tank selection module, a fuel depletion determination module, and a fuel pressure balancing module. The fuel tank selection module closes (N?M) of N shutoff valves of N compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel tanks, respectively, when an enable condition is met and the N shutoff valves have been open for a first predetermined period, wherein N is an integer greater than one and M is an integer less than N. The fuel depletion determination module determines whether the M CNG fuel tanks have provided a predetermined amount of fuel based a fuel parameter. The fuel pressure balancing module opens the N shutoff valves for the first predetermined period when the M CNG fuel tanks have provided the predetermined amount of fuel.

Abstract: An airflow control system for controlling pressure and flow through a flow passage with an upstream portion and a downstream portion includes a valve which can open to different positions for controlling pressure at a downstream portion of the flow passage; a valve actuator which receives electrical signals to control the opening and closing of the valve; and a pneumatic feedback system to stabilize the valve actuator.

Abstract: Systems and processes may provide improved performance for a pneumatic positioner during a safety override. In certain implementations, a system and process may include may include the ability to receive an input control signal, power control circuitry of the pneumatic positioner using the input control signal, and generate a control signal for a signal-to-pressure converter with the control circuitry based at least partially on the input control signal. The system and process may also include the ability to detect an unsafe operating condition for the pneumatic positioner based on an input signal and modify the control signal in response to detecting the unsafe operating condition, to cause the converter to transition to a safe state. The system and process may additionally include the ability to allow the control circuitry to continue being powered by the input control signal while the converter is in the safe state.

Abstract: A multi-functional or versatile emergency shutdown valve controller may be used in various different emergency shutdown configurations to enable the testing of different types and configurations of emergency shutdown devices and the supporting equipment associated therewith. In one example, a digital valve controller for use with an emergency shutdown valve includes two pressure sensors and is adapted to be connected to a pneumatic valve actuator and to a solenoid valve device to assist in the on-line testing of the valve actuator as well as in the on-line testing of the solenoid valve. To perform testing of the solenoid valve, the valve controller may measure the pressure at different ports of the solenoid valve as the solenoid valve is actuated for a very short period of time. The valve controller may determine whether the solenoid device is fully functional or operational based on the derivative of the difference between the measured pressure signals, i.e.

Abstract: A pressure relief device for a double isolation valve comprises a body with a valve cavity. The valve body has a pocket formed therein. A disc is disposed in the central section of the pocket. The disc is interposed between two spring-actuated seats. Each of the seats is in fluid communication with opposing valve sides. The pocket central section is in fluid communication with the valve body cavity. Each of the seats is provided with two different types of gaskets in series. In operation, reverse pressure causes retraction of the seats, thereby relieving valve body cavity overpressure.

Abstract: An operating mode of an electro-pneumatic converting unit is stored in advance in an electro-pneumatic converting unit operating mode storing unit. A blockage location identifying function is provided in a calculating unit. The operating unit monitors the magnitude of shift and the direction of shift of the control output, relative to the nozzle back pressure, through the blockage location identifying function, and identifies whether a blockage has occurred in the fixed orifice or the nozzle/flapper mechanism based on the magnitude of shift and direction of shift of the control output, relative to the nozzle back pressure, and based on the operating mode of the electro-pneumatic converting unit, stored in the electro-pneumatic converting unit operating mode storing unit.

Abstract: Pressure regulator device comprising a body (1), a minimum of a pressure reducer and a damper mounted in control and damping cavities, respectively, in the body (1), and a control member (4) pivoting on an upper face (10) of the body (1). The device is noteworthy in that the control and damping cavities have open ends in a peripheral face (12) of the body (1) and the control member (4) has parts (47) that are opposite the peripheral face (12) in order to face the open ends of the respective control and damping cavities, from which control (21) and damping pushrods, respectively, project. The present invention has an application us the hydraulic remote controls of civil engineering machines.

Abstract: The inventive technology, in embodiments, may include a controller configured to coordinate operation of valves and remotely controllable regulators that are fluidically communicative therewith, allowing the control of positioners of positioner zones that are in fluidically communicative with such remotely controllable regulators. Preferred embodiments may find application as, e.g., a pneumatic system to control positioners, whether such positioner find use in bottling applications or elsewhere. Additional aspects of the inventive technology may relate to methods for pressurized fluid positioner control.

Abstract: A pressure regulator includes a valve, mechanical advantage device, actuator, controller and pressure sensor. The valve is disposed between an inlet port and an outlet port. The valve includes a pintle and seat. An actuator is provided to move the pintle away from the seat to allow the flow of gas from the inlet port to the outlet port and a pintle return spring is provided to bias the pintle towards seat. The actuator is configured to move the pintle in response to the magnitude of a control signal. A control system is provided to receive a gas pressure signal from a pressure transducer at the outlet port which detects the gas pressure at the outlet port and generate a control signal having a magnitude proportional to the detected gas pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic system has several valve sections, each having a directional valve that controls fluid flow from a pump to a hydraulic actuator. A mechanism senses a greatest pressure among the hydraulic actuators to provide a load sense pressure. One valve sections has a pressure compensation apparatus includes a pressure compensation valve that reduces fluid flow between a given directional valve and an associated hydraulic actuator in response to pressure at a control port, and a pressure regulating valve that responds to the load sense pressure and pressure in the associated hydraulic actuator by selectively applying output pressure from the pump and the load sense pressure to the control port.

Abstract: In a transducer of at least one electrical input signal into two separate magnetic output signals for a pneumatic actuator, a pressure input is connected to a source of pressure and a setting unit sets the pneumatic output signals by use of the electrical input signal. The setting unit provides the two pneumatic output signals separately and reciprocal to each other as a function of the input signal. At least one of the two output signals is connected to a pneumatic amplifier.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for increasing energy harnessed from a liquid body flowing through a conduit includes a conduit having ascending, connecting and descending sections, valves inside the conduit, a fill unit, and at least one turbine. The valves, located in the ascending and descending portions of the conduit, regulate the flow of the liquid body through the conduit. The fill unit includes at least one of a pump and a siphon for replenishing liquid in the conduit and initiating a constant flow. An optional removably attached extension to the conduit increases the hydraulic head and increases the flow of the liquid body. The extension may include additional turbines. The turbines harness energy from the liquid body flowing with an increased flow rate through the conduit. The harnessed energy is increased by utilizing the atmospheric pressure exerted on the liquid body resulting in an increased constant flow through the conduit.

Abstract: In a liquid supply device, a liquid chamber and an air chamber of a storage tank are demarcated by an elastic film, a pressure sensor detects pressure within the liquid chamber, and a supply pump supplies liquid to a supply destination via the liquid chamber. First information, that expresses a supply amount per predetermined time and a pressure of the liquid chamber within a range of not being affected by changes over time in the elastic film, is stored in a memory. A controller adjusts detected pressure by adjustment values, and controls the supply pump such that an adjusted pressure becomes constant at a predetermined pressure. The controller controls the supply pump such that there becomes a supply amount that is substantially the same as a supply amount of the first information, and acquires pressure detected at that time as second information, and derives the adjustment values on the basis of an offset amount between pressures of the first information and the second information.

Abstract: A gas purge device for a metallurgical melting vessel includes a conically shaped ceramic body (2) in contact at its top side with heat contained in the melting vessel. The ceramic body has a static external element and an internal element axially movable therein. A pneumatic drive axially moves the internal element to and fro relative to the external element between a closed position and an open position. The spring force of a spring retains the internal element in the closed position. The device furthermore includes a gas-tight enclosed volume arranged at the bottom side of the ceramic body the volume being connected to a gas supply duct for introduction of purge gas. A deformable membrane is connected to the internal element with the pressure difference between the purge gas pressure prevailing in the gas-tight enclosed volume and the ambient pressure acting upon the membrane.

Abstract: A multi-functional or versatile emergency shutdown valve controller may be used in various different emergency shutdown configurations to enable the testing of different types and configurations of emergency shutdown devices and the supporting equipment associated therewith. In one example, a digital valve controller for use with an emergency shutdown valve includes two pressure sensors and is adapted to be connected to a pneumatic valve actuator and to a solenoid valve device to assist in the on-line testing of the valve actuator as well as in the on-line testing of the solenoid valve. To perform testing of the solenoid valve, the valve controller may measure the pressure at different ports of the solenoid valve as the solenoid valve is actuated for a very short period of time. The valve controller may determine whether the solenoid device is fully functional or operational based on the derivative of the difference between the measured pressure signals, i.e.

Abstract: A pneumatic amplifier is provided comprising a supply air valve with a supply inlet connected to a pneumatic supply. A signal input for receiving a pneumatic input signal, a signal output for transmitting an amplified pneumatic output signal, a valve member for continuously opening or cutting off a pneumatic connection between the pneumatic supply and the signal output, and a diaphragm coupled with the valve member exposed at one side to the pneumatic input signal and having an opposite side. An exhaust air valve is provided with a bleed outlet, and a valve member for opening or cutting off a pneumatic connection between the signal output of the supply air valve and the bleed outlet, the valve members of the supply air valve and the exhaust air valve being structurally separated. The opposite side of the supply air valve diaphragm is exposed to the amplified pneumatic output signal.

Abstract: Provided are a microfluidic device and a microfluidic network formed by connecting such microfluidic devices. The microfluidic device can equalize the flow of multiple microfluids in a chamber in parallel to thereby have an equal flow rate when the microfluids transferred through different flow channels join in the chamber having a changing cross-sectional area. The microfluidic device includes: multiple flow channels formed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate to transfer the microfluids and including inlets for injecting the microfluids in one side and fluid stopping surfaces for stopping the flow of the microfluids in the other side; a pressure controlling flow channel for removing a pressure difference between the microfluids; a fluid converging part for converging the microfluids; and a chamber composed of hydrophilic surfaces and hydrophobic surfaces disposed alternately in a flow direction so that the microfluids join and flow in parallel and equal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diaphragm (1) for throttling a volume flow in an air distribution ducting system of an air-conditioning unit of a commercial aircraft. The diaphragm includes a plurality of spring-elastic elements (10) that effect a throttling of the volume flow through the diaphragm (1). The invention also relates to the use of such a diaphragm (1) for installation in an air distribution ducting system of an air-conditioning unit on board a commercial aircraft.

Abstract: A depressurization process for a packed separation column is provided where the column system experiences a rapid and/or severe drop in pressure that could potentially damage column components. The process provides a safe de-pressurization of the column on the outlet side by decreasing the outlet pressure in controlled steps while allowing the inlet pressure of the column time to lower after each decreased step.

Abstract: A deadweight pressure standard provides improved measurement accuracy and repeatability. The standard includes a flow regulator having a first valve controlled by a first pair of non-hysteresis sylphons, and a supply regulator having a second valve controlled by a second pair of non-hysteresis sylphons. The first and second valves achieve an equilibrium state between the supply regulator and the flow regulator. The second valve regulates pressure generated by an applied pressure supply. A mass-to-pressure transducer transforms an applied gravitational force into a reference pressure regulated by the first valve. The center of pressure force on the first pair of non-hysteresis sylphons, and the center of pressure force on the first valve, are exerted along a first reference axis. The center of pressure force on the second pair of non-hysteresis sylphons, and the center of pressure force on the second valve, are exerted along a second reference axis.

Abstract: In a transducer of at least one electrical input signal into two separate magnetic output signals for a pneumatic actuator, a pressure input is connected to a source of pressure and a setting unit sets the pneumatic output signals by use of the electrical input signal. The setting unit provides the two pneumatic output signals separately and reciprocal to each other as a function of the input signal. At least one of the two output signals is connected to a pneumatic amplifier.

Abstract: The servovalve with torque motor consists of a cylindrical case (3) in which an armature (1) is arranged on one end of an arm (16) and a orifice (18) closing a nozzle (19) with working liquid (2) on the other side of the arm (16). The arm (16) is free to rotate round the pivot point of a flexible suspension (15) with a hole (21) of diameter corresponding to the maximum deflection of the arm (16). There are two magnetic pole shoes (5) and two electric pole shoes (4) located around the armature (1), equipped with sealing rings (6), and so the working liquid (2) filling the inside of the case (3) and surrounding the arm (16) and the armature (1) does not leak out of the inside space. Coils (7) are located outside the case (3). The pole shoes (4, 5) are equipped with threaded parts (12), fitting either into the outer ring (10) or the body (3). The magnetic pole shoes (5) are equipped with a non-magnetic protective housing (9).

Abstract: The invention provides a control apparatus comprising a controller for determining a manipulated variable for manipulating a controlled object so that an output of the controlled object converges to a desired value and a modulator for modulating the manipulated variable by using one of a delta-sigma modulation algorithm, a sigma-delta modulation algorithm and a delta modulation algorithm to generate a modulated signal to be applied to the controlled object. The modulator generates the modulated signal so that a center value of an amplitude of the modulated signal follows a change of the manipulated variable. Thus, the modulated signal in which the manipulated variable is reflected without any loss can be generated even when the manipulated variable changes.