Abstract: The invention relates to a method of metering detergent into a washing solution in large washing apparatuses and systems comprising measuring from a washing solution containing water and detergent a property proportional to the detergent concentration of the washing solution, and adding detergent to the washing solution only during a predetermined metering period (T.sub.2) when the detergent concentration corresponding to the property measured from the washing solution is below a predetermined threshold value during said metering period, and the addition of detergent being prevented after each metering period (T.sub.2) for the time of a predetermined mixing period (T.sub.1).

Abstract: In the desalter operation of a petroleum refinery, a method which measures and regulates the stability of the oil-in-water emulsion. A device located downstream of the desalter monitors the electrical charge of oil droplets in the effluent brine. This charge reflects emulsion stability. The amount of charge streaming past a point defines a current. When a predetermined streaming current threshold is crossed, the monitoring device electrically sends a signal proportional to the excess to a metering pump or valve which adds a predetermined proportional quantity of emulsion breaker to the petroleum/water mixture in the desalter.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid reservoir system has a flow line for circulating a portion of the aqueous liquid from the reservoir and returning such aqueous liquid back to the reservoir. The flow line has an injection means for inducing quantities of pH affecting liquid into the flow line. A pH probe means is coupled to the flow line upstream of the injection means for detecting the pH of the aqueous liquid from the reservoir. The system includes a computer control which compares the pH from the pH probe means with a preselected pH and activates dispensing means to provide a measured quantity of pH affecting liquid for injecting into the flow line responsive to aqueous liquid flowing therein to maintain the pH of the aqueous liquid within the preselected pH tolerance. The measured quantities of pH affecting liquid are provided by a control chamber means having a gravitational feed system for the pH affecting liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling the fluid flow bias of continuous, multiple zone processes having gas or vapor comprising atmospheres that are in immediate access to each other. Active control of the fluid flow bias in at least one process zone or control of the overall process fluid flow bias is achieved by applying force to at least one of the zones of the process in a manner which enables such control. A physical or chemical property or a change thereof in at least one process atmosphere is monitored and an appropriate amount of force is applied in response to the monitored property. The monitored property is related to the furnace flow bias by an algorithm, so that the flow bias can be controlled by controlling the at least one chemical or physical property monitored.

Abstract: A rinsing water supply system for supplying water to a rinsing unit of a developing apparatus in which photosensitive materials are processed and rinsed. The water supply system includes a pipe having a water supply passage through which water is introduced into the rinsing unit from a water source, a solenoid valve for opening and closing the water supply passage, and signal lines arranged along and integrally with the pipe and adapted for transmitting signals for operating the solenoid valve. This arrangement eliminates the necessity for installation of a signal transmission line independently from the water supply passage, for the purpose of transmitting signals for operating the solenoid valve.

Abstract: A soap concentration control apparatus comprising: a pump for supplying a cleaning solvent to a washing tub; a liquid quantity sensor for measuring a quantity of the solvent supplied to the washing tub by the pump; a soap supplying pump for supplying a soap to the washing tub; a sampling container for sampling the solvent; a soap concentration measuring sensor for measuring a soap concentration in the sampled solvent; a setting device for setting a desired soap concentration; an arithmetic device for calculating an operating time of the soap supplying pump required for making a soap concentration of the solvent in the washing tub approach to the set desired soap concentration on the basis of the measured quantity of solvent, the measured soap concentration and the soap supplying capacity per unit time of the soap supplying pump; and a controller for operating the soap supplying pump on the basis of the calculation result of the arithmetic device, which is useful to maintain a desired soap concentration in the

Abstract: An automatically controlled irrigation water pH amendment system and apparatus associated with golf courses utilizing automatic irrigation systems to irrigate the various species of turf grasses used on fairways, tees, greens and other areas; being adapted to receive an operator pre-selected program of desired irrigation water pH value; to monitor the delivered pH value of the irrigation water and automatically blend into the irrigation water in the flow circuit between the discharge of the irrigation pump station pumps and the pH monitoring point the proper amount of chemical additive to amend--raise or lower--the pH of the delivered irrigation water. The desideratum is a uniformly blended mixture of liquid acid or base chemical with irrigation water to maintain a solution of the water pH value desired by the operator to promote proper agronomic practice in the maintenance of the turf grasses.

Abstract: The ink jet printing system contains at least one ink jet printing head operatively connected to printing medium reservoirs by a conduit system. A partial ink flow is passed through a regulating apparatus for viscosity-dependent regulation. On exceeding the ink viscosity or ink density, a spindle body constructed as a float contacts a switch constructed as a proximity switch. The switch is operated such that a corresponding signal is supplied to a control valve and as a result the supply of solvent to a main ink reservoir of the printing medium reservoirs is initiated. The regulating apparatus may constitute an independent assembly associated with the main ink reservoir or can be integrated into the main ink reservoir.

Abstract: Electrochemical linear actuator for automatically controlling a gas feeder linear motion valve, for example, is provided with a readily accessible and simple to operate manual override capability, while yet affording accurate position indication of the linear motion valve being controlled in both automatic and manual modes of operation.

Abstract: The system and the method of the present invention tests the homogeneity of a solution utilizing a housing which includes a first chamber for a reference solution and a second chamber for a test solution. The housing also includes a pair of transducers spatially related to the first and second chambers for providing signals in accordance with incident lights. The housing also includes a light source which provides light equally to both chambers in a manner so the light passes through the solutions in both chambers to be incident upon the transducers. Circuitry connected to the transducers provide an output signal related to the quality of the test solution in accordance with the signals provided by the transducers.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for controlling the concentration of wash water in a ware washing machine. A preferred ware washing machine (10) includes a reservoir (11) for holding wash water, a normally closed valve (17) for directing clean water to a dry detergent supply (13), an electrodeless conductivity cell (12) for monitoring the conductivity of the ware washing solution, and a controller for activating the normally closed valve (15) in response to the difference between the measured concentration and the actual concentration. A preferred concentration controller includes an adjustable amplifier (48) which provides an amplified concentration signal which is equal to a reference signal when the concentration of the solution is equal to the desired concentration.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling concentration of a liquid developer in a machine using liquid developer has a developer device for developing an electrostatic latent image by a liquid developer, a tank for containing the liquid developer having an inlet and an outlet, a liquid developer circulating pipe having a supply portion extending from the tank to the inlet and a discharge portion extending from the developer device to the tank, a vacuum pump in the discharge portion of the developer circulating pipe for circulating liquid developer from the tank through the developer device and returning it to the tank, a toner container for containing a concentrated toner liquid, a toner supply pipe having one end connected to the toner container and having the other end connected to the discharge portion of the liquid developer circulating pipe at a location between the developer device and the vacuum pump for supplying concentrated toner liquid to the tank, and a valve in the toner supply pipe for opening and closing t

Abstract: An automatic demand chlorination system for use with a recirculation unit for a body of fluid, the body of fluid has a chemical therein. The automatic demand chlorination system comprises a chemical sensing unit for detecting the amount of the chemical and producing a signal, a chemical feed unit for feeding the chemical into the recirculation unit, an electronics unit for controlling the feeding of the chemical, and a solenoid unit for actuating the chemical feed unit. The electronics unit comprises input signal regulation means for receiving the signal of the sensing unit and generating a regulated signal; comparator means for comparing the regulated signal with a predetermined signal representative of the desired amount of the chemical in the recirculation unit and generating a chemical infeed signal; and solenoid timer means for receiving the chemical infeed signal and activating the solenoid unit.

Abstract: A computerized chemical application system for a water treatment system. The water treatment system includes a main header conduit through which water flows. Connected in shunt with the main header is a chemical introduction header of smaller diameter and a lower flow rate than the main header. A computer control is provided to sense the conductivity of a reference water flowing through the chemical introduction header. Injection means are provided to introduce a water treatment liquid into the chemical introduction header and to mix it thoroughly with the water flowing therein. The conductivity of the mixture is sensed, and based upon the differential conductivity and values relating conductivity to concentration for the water treatment liquid (which values are stored within the computer control) the amount of the water treatment liquid introduced is precisely controlled.

Abstract: An on-site tailored fuel blending process and apparatus is provided for optimizing the blend ratio of a No. 2 fuel oil component and a No. 1 fuel oil component to obtain a fuel mixture which will not freeze, i.e., form wax particles, above a predetermined temperature. Radiant energy, e.g., in the infrared range, from an energy source is transmitted through the sample, and a change in wax crystal concentration of the sample is detected by sensing a predetermined intensity level transmitted by the energy source after the radiant energy therefrom has passed through the sample, or by sensing a predetermined rate of change in the intensity level of the radiant energy after transmission through the sample. The temperature of the sample is measured when the predetermined intensity level or abrupt change thereof is detected. A percentage amount of the No. 1 fuel oil component to be mixed with the No.

Abstract: A liquid mixing system is disclosed which provides a continuous and constant pressure flow rate during operation, having particular use in spray dampening operations for offset printing procedures. The mixing system includes a stacked arrangement of a batch mixer and feed tank fluidly communicating therebetween, and transfer means sequentially activated to transfer the liquids to the feed tank upon completion of mixing the liquids. The feed tank having means for discharging liquids therefrom at a constant flow and pressure. Control means sequentially operate the system for the admission and mixing of liquids in predetermined amounts to the batch mixer, for transferring the mixed liquids from the mixer to the feed tank, and for discharging the mixed liquids from the feed tank. The system is capable of repetitive mixing and transfer cycles while continuously discharging from the feed tank at a constant flow rate.

Abstract: In a system for maintaining density of a printed color constant, a reading unit is connected with a unit measuring the reading signal. An amplitude measuring unit and a rated variable voltage source are connected with a comparator. The comparator is connected with a PID regulator, the signal of which is connected with a first adder which itself connects with a viscosity code setting potentiometer. The first adder is connected with a second adder connected to a viscosimeter. The signal produced by the second adder is sent to an amplifier connected with a command circuit for controlling mixer valves for ink and solvent. This command circuit can be locked or released by means of signals received from a level indicator in a tank. The command circuit also actuates a pump and a valve of a return circuit of the ink/solvent mixture. The system is employed for controlling and keeping constant color density of a print.

Abstract: A method of providing a mixture of lean and rich gas of a desired composition by means of a jet compressor system comprising two or more jet compressors comprising:(1) adjusting the jet compressor system being used to mix the lean and rich gas to provide a leaner gas mixture than the desired composition;(2) then adding a predetermined amount of rich gas to the leaner gas mixture to attempt to obtain the desired composition; and(3) varying the amount of rich gas added to the leaner gas in response to the measurement of gas properties in the jet compressor system to thereby more nearly obtain a gas of the desired composition. Preferably the lean gas comprises air, blast furnace gas, or BOF gas, and the rich gas comprises methane, natural gas, propane, or butane.

Abstract: The scour jet array system includes a pump, both fresh water and surface er intakes, an automatic water mixing valve, a chemical buffer injector, a water heater, a series of scour jets with control valves, and a central control system.The control system senses the beginning of ebb tide for starting an initial scour jet, and as each jet scours the freshly deposited mud from the area, temperature, salinity and pH of the surface suction intake water are measured to determine the amount of fresh water injection, chemical buffer injection, water heating and duty cycle time in order to minimize the energy required to scour the sediments from the area.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a circulation circuit including, in series, a cell containing the degradable solution and a pump for circulating the solution. A second, regeneration circuit is connected to the circulation circuit by valves for injecting into the latter solution having a concentration greater than that of the circulation circuit. The regeneration circuit has a surge tank or a collector vessel for collecting degraded solution from the circulation circuit.

Abstract: A developer's activity control system and a photographic processing apparatus controlling same that divides the activity of the developing solution into a plurality of stages on the basis of the results of the processing of control strips and takes the necessary action for each stage, said developer control system includes a means for storing the initial conditions of the developing system and a means for comparing these initial conditions with the present conditions, the output of said comparing means being used to properly select the necessary action for each stage.

Abstract: A modified alkaline peroxide pre-bond process for the surface treatment of titanium is useful as a practical production process. In this modified process, an exceptionally wide range of allowable peroxide concentration, namely, from 0.001 molar to 0.2 molar (and preferably 0.001 molar to 0.01 molar) may be tolerated and a novel real-time peroxide monitoring and control technique is employed. The process is further improved by means of the use of stabilizers such as precipitated magnesium silicate which greatly increases bath life-time and reduces the overall operating cost of the process. Solution operating conditions have been defined which permit titanium adherends to be processed satisfactorily over a wide range of hydrogen peroxide concentration. In particular, the acceptable temperature range is 125.degree. F.-165.degree. F. (51.7.degree. C.-73.8.degree. C.); the treatment period is 15 to 25 minutes and the hydroxide concentration is 0.3 to 0.9 molar. The preferred values are approximately 145.degree. F.

Abstract: An improved method and system for properly supplying and mixing printing chemicals and liquid diluent and for supplying the resulting liquid is provided. The method and system feature the use of periodic or continuous monitoring of the ph and/or electrical conductivity level of the printing liquid in a mixing zone to regulate the flow of initial and make-up chemicals to the zone, so that the proper concentration of chemicals is maintained in the liquid. The liquid is at least periodically removed from the mixing zone and make-up diluent is at least periodically added to the mixing zone. The method can be successfully run on a batch, semi-continuous or continuous basis and the system employs an automatic electronic ph and/or electrical conductivity analyzer and signal generator to automatically control signal responsive pumps in the conduit line(s) from the chemical supply zone(s) to the mixing zone.

Abstract: A processor of photosensitive material includes an automatic control system for providing anti-oxidation replenishment, as a function of a stored anti-oxidation replenishment rate and anti-oxidation replenishment provided by exhaustion replenishment. A time interval of fixed duration is initiated, at the end of which the anti-oxidation replenishment required due to expired time is compared to the amount of anti-oxidation replenishment provided by the exhaustion replenishment in that time interval. If the amount of needed anti-oxidation replenishment reaches a preset value, a fixed amount of replenisher is added to the developer tank. If the amount of needed anti-oxidation replenishment is less than the preset value, no replenisher is added and all amounts continue to accumulate. The comparison is repeated at the end of successive time intervals.

Abstract: A control system and method of controlling the cycling of water in a cooling tower system having a source of make-up water of variable conductivity. The control system apparatus includes respective probes for sensing tower water conductivity and make-up water conductivity. The probes provide signals to a controller unit. Desired cooling system water conductivity parameters are input into the controller unit. The controller unit serves to proportionally adjust the trip point at which dumping of the cooling tower water occurs based upon the sensed water conductivities and the input parameters to maintain a predetermined Langelier's number(s). Means are provided to display system conditions and to effect calibration of the system. The method entails establishing an indexing factor based upon the cooling water parameters and the desired Langelier's number(s) and using that indexing factor for adjusting the trip point.

Abstract: A control system and method of controlling the cycling of water in a cooling tower system having a course of make-up water of variable conductivity.The control system apparatus includes respective probes for sensing tower water conductivity and make-up water conductivity. The probes provide signals to a controller unit. Desired cooling system water conductivity parameters an input into the controller unit. The controller unit serves to proportionately adjust the trip point at which dumping of the cooling tower water occurs based upon the sensed water conductivities and the input parameters to maintain a predetermined Langelier's number(s). Means are provided to display system conditions and to effect calibrations of the system.The method entails establishing an indexing factor based upon the cooling water parameters and the desired Langelier's number(s) and using that indexing factor for adjusting the trip point.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for breakpoint chlorination is disclosed which utilizes a control dosing of chlorine as well as a base substance and sulfur dioxide to remove ammonia, disinfect and thereafter dechlorinate waste waters. The chlorine dosage is controlled according to a derivative of residual chlorine with respect to chlorine dosage to provide an accurate control of chlorine to insure oxidation of ammonia in the waste water.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the concentration of an air-vapor mixture in the fixing station of a non-mechanical printing or copying device has an ultrasonic transducer for generating and receiving an ultrasonic signal in the fixing station, the transit time of the ultrasonic signal between transmission and reception indicating the air-vapor mixture concentration in the station. The transit times are subdivided into at least three ranges of which the mean range or mean ranges identify a desired concentration. An evaluator circuit post-connected to the ultrasonic transducer forms signals corresponding to the ranges, the signals being entered in one of at least three status memories in accordance with their significance. The status memory which is filled first emits an output signal for triggering a corresponding reaction such as increasing the vapor density in the station, and cancels the contents of all of the status memories.

Abstract: An ink liquid supply system for an ink jet system printer includes a sub tank for introducing a new ink liquid from an ink liquid cartridge and an old ink liquid from a beam gutter included in the ink jet system printer. A float element is disposed in the sub tank, the float element having a specific gravity of, for example, 1.062 which is slightly greater than the specific gravity of a preferred ink liquid suited for the ink jet system printer. In the normal operation mode, the float element is positioned at the bottom of the sub tank. When the ink liquid viscosity increases, the float element moves upward. A detection unit is associated with the float element to develop a control signal when the float element moves upward. In response to the control signal, a dilution is added to the ink liquid contained in the sub tank in order to reduce the viscosity of the ink liquid.

Abstract: A processor of photosensitive material includes an automatic control system for providing anti-oxidation replenishment, as a function of a stored anti-oxidation replenishment rate and anti-oxidation replenishment provided by exhaustion replenishment. A time interval is initiated during which the anti-oxidation replenishment required due to expired time is compared to the amount of anti-oxidation replenishment provided by the exhaustion replenishment in that time interval. When the difference by which the amount of needed anti-oxidation replenishment exceeds the anti-oxidation replenishment provided by exhaustion replenishment reaches a preset value, a fixed amount of replenisher is added to the developer tank.

Abstract: A processor of photosensitive material includes an automatic control system for providing anti-oxidation replenishment and preventing anti-oxidation overreplenishment, as a function of a stored anti-oxidation replenishment rate and anti-oxidation replenishment provided by exhaustion replenishment. A fixed time interval is initiated after which the anti-oxidation replenishment required due to expired time is compared to the amount of anti-oxidation replenishment provided by the exhaustion replenishment in that time interval. An amount of needed anti-oxidation replenishment is added to the developer tank, as a function of the difference by which the required anti-oxidation replenishment exceeds the anti-oxidation provided by exhaustion replenishment.

Abstract: A processor of photosensitive material includes an automatic control system for providing anti-oxidation replenishment and preventing anti-oxidation overreplenishment, as a function of a stored anti-oxidation replenishment rate and anti-oxidation replenishment provided by exhaustion replenishment. A time interval of a predetermined duration is initiated by the control system. During the interval, the control system provides exhaustion replenishment based upon the area and density of photosensitive material processed. At the end of the interval, the control system compares the anti-oxidation replenishment required due to expired time to the amount of anti-oxidation replenishment provided by the exhaustion replenishment during that time interval. The control system then causes the needed amount of anti-oxidation replenishment to be added to the developer tank.

Abstract: The invention is a system for controlling the mass flow rates of vapor and carrier gas in a flowing fluid mixture. A regulated flow of carrier gas is divided so that a fraction of the flow passes through a vaporizer to pick up the vapor while the balance bypasses the vaporizer. The streams are then recombined and the resulting mixture is passed through a dew point detector which gives an output signal which varies according to variations in the mass ratio of the vapor to the carrier gas. A controller responds to the detector signal to generate a control signal which modulates a valve to vary the fraction of the carrier gas passing through the vaporizer, thereby influencing the mass rate at which the vapor is introduced. The feedback control from the dew point detector to the valve is adapted to regulate the dew point, and thereby the mass ratio of vapor to carrier.

Abstract: Means for adding corrosion inhibitor to an engine cooling system utilizing a corrosion detector in contact with the circulating coolant and which is in an electronic circuit to activate a control valve which controls the feeding of corrosion inhibitor solution from a reservoir that is in selective communication with the coolant system. The corrosion detector may be in the form of a probe that measures solution potential or electrical resistance of a metal wire as it corrodes due to the corrosiveness of the coolant. The corrosion inhibitor reservoir is located either in communication with the line between the radiator and coolant reservoir or in a by-pass line parallel with the radiator.

Abstract: An installation for the preparation of multicomponent liquid mixes in the production of alcoholic liquors includes a plurality of feed tanks, a dispensing pump unit for feeding respective ones of the liquid components, a plurality of suction pipings each of which communicates between a respective feed tank and a respective dispensing pump of the dispensing unit, a header for collecting the liquid components, a plurality of delivery pipings each of which communicates between a respective dispensing pump and the header and a receiving tank adapted to receive the mixed liquid components. A throttling mixer is arranged substantially at the outlet of the header means and includes normally closed membrane valves which are provided with respective membrane actuators having above-membrane chambers. The above-membrane chambers of the membrane actuators communicate with the suction pipings and a common delivery pipe which itself communicates between the outlet of the throttling mixer and the receiving tank.

Abstract: Apparatus and process are provided for measuring and monitoring the free active chlorine content of an aqueous solution. Regulation of the addition of chlorinating substances to maintain a desired chlorine level in drinking or bathing water is further provided. The apparatus preferably utilizes a measuring cell having electrodes comprised of a gold-nickel metallic alloy wherein gold is contained in an amount 90-97% by weight and nickel in an amount of 10-3% by weight. The measuring cell is connected to an electrical comparison circuit which controls a regulator or magnetic valve, in order to control the flow of active chlorine into the system.

Abstract: A sample of copper electroless plating solution, containing complexed cupric ions, is modified to provide a concentration of uncomplexed cupric ions. A pH probe (40) monitors the pH level of the modified sample and feeds a signal to a pH control circuit (42) which selectively adds a diluted acid in order to maintain the pH level of the modified sample at a desired level. Specific ion and reference probes (44 and 46) are positioned in the modified sample where, in the presence of uncomplexed cupric ions, a voltage signal is developed. The voltage signal, which is indicative of the copper concentration of the modified sample, is a measure of the copper concentration in the plating solution. A copper control circuit (48), which is responsive to the developed voltage signal, facilitates the addition of cupric ions to the plating solution to maintain a desired ratio of complexer to copper concentration.

Abstract: In a chemical solution circulator including a tank, a pump with an intake pipe connected to the tank and a discharge pipe for delivering solution to an enclosure communicating with the tank; a chemical concentration control system for the automatic addition of liquid chemicals for maintaining a predetermined concentration thereof within the tank comprises a diverter and chemical additive pipe connected to the discharge pipe for continuously sampling the solution and outletting into the tank. An aspirator is connected into the diverter pipe and has a low pressure additive intake pipe connected to a chemical solution storage tank. A normally closed solenoid valve is interposed in the additive intake pipe. An electronic controller is connected to the valve. A flow through conductivity cell is interposed within the diverter pipe upstream of the aspirator for signaling the controller at a set value maintaining the valve closed.

Abstract: Cooling tower water is analyzed for pH and electrical conductivity. In response to the pH measurement, acid addition is made periodically (intermittently) so that fluctuations in pH during acid addition are minimized. The conductivity measurement, which relates to salts concentration, controls periodic (intermittent) blowdown of water having high salts concentration so as to minimize waste of water and water additives during blowdown.

Abstract: An improved conveyor lubricating system for applying a multi-ingredient lubricating composition to a conveyor. The system includes a holding tank which is operatively connected to a plurality of separate supply tanks where each of the ingredients of the composition are contained in a concentrated form. Pumping bodies are provided for separately pumping each of the concentrated ingredients into the holding tank in any desired ratio. Water is then added into the holding tank to dilute the concentrated ingredients and form the lubricating composition. A pump is provided for pumping the lubricating composition from the holding tank to the conveyor.

Abstract: In a feedback color control system for controlling the flows of two colorants used to color an article, a first error signal is generated as a function of deviations in the color saturation of the article from a desired saturation, and a second error signal is generated as a function of deviations in the hue of the article from a desired hue. The flows of the dyes are varied in the same sense in response to the first error signal and are varied in opposite senses in response to the second error signal.

Abstract: An electronic breathing mixture control system which senses and controls oxygen component partial pressure of an underwater breathing mixture. Three oxygen sensors disposed within a mix chamber generate voltages proportional to the oxygen partial pressure in the mixture. These voltages are processed and compared with reference voltages using digital logic circuitry. The resulting processed signals control two light emitting diodes warning the user of improper oxygen partial pressure and in addition control a switch that actuates an oxygen valve which either restricts oxygen flow to the mix chamber or allows more oxygen to flow therein.

Abstract: A metering device for determining and controlling the content of a gas in a liquid, e.g. chlorine gas in water, comprises a pilot-operated check valve in a gas feed line, inserted between a vacuum diaphragm valve and an ejector. The metering device also comprises a concentration meter located on a main, a liquid flow meter, an electronic gas-to-liquid ratio setter correction controller coupled to a device for setting the concentration of the gas in the liquid, coupled to the concentration meter and coupled, via an actuating mechanism, to the gas-to-liquid ratio setter. Connected to the latter is an electronic gas-to-liquid flow ratio controller associated with signal distributors and an actuating mechanism of a gas flow controller. The invention permits the accuracy of metering a gas in a liquid, e.g. chlorine gas in drinking water, to be substantially enhanced, whereby the quality of drinking water is considerably improved.

Abstract: The disclosed system for controlling the chemical balance of a body of liquid, such as a swimming pool, compares the output of a chemical balance sensor immersed in the liquid with a standard indicative of the desired chemical balance, then dispenses a chemical into the pool to adjust its balance towards the desired balance. A timer limits the duty cycle of the dispenser to a relatively short dispensing interval followed by a longer non-dispensing interval permitting the dispensed chemical to disperse throughout the pool, the sensing and dispensing cycle then being repeated if appropriate. Preferably, there are a plurality of sensors, comparators and dispensers, each dispenser having a timer to limit its duty cycle. Also, preferably an over-range alarm is employed to alert an attendant when the chemical balance of the pool departs from a given range.

Abstract: A chamber is isolated from ambient atmosphere by supplying a flow of inert gas to the entrance and/or exit of the chamber such as an oven for curing solvent borne resin coatings on a material passed therethrough. The inert gas is supplied at a substantially constant mass flow rate through an orifice which may be adjusted in opening or direction so as to enable the momentum of discharged inert gas to be controlled. A flow of gas is exhausted exteriorly of but in the vicinity of the chamber exit or entrance and the oxygen content of such flow is sensed. The sensed oxygen value is compared with a predetermined value and the difference is utilized to adjust the orifice to either increase or decrease the momentum of inert gas discharged therefrom. In this manner atmospheric oxygen is precluded from entering the chamber while only the amount (flow) of inert gas necessary to block such oxygen is utilized thereby minimizing the loss of inert gas from the chamber to ambient.

Abstract: A commercial-type automatic dishwasher includes a motor-driven circulating pump for recirculating a washing solution, a motor-driven detergent supply pump for adding detergent to the washing solution, and a control system, including control means for operating the circulating pump for a wash cycle of predetermined length, and detergent supply pump control means responsive to the pH level of the washing solution for operating the detergent supply pump as required during the wash cycle to maintain a desired water/detergent ratio.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovering of metallic silver from photographical bleach-fix baths. An electric current is passed through a bleach-fix solution containing silver ions and ferric ions, which solution has been brought to a predetermined redox potential by the addition of a reducing agent. The cathode is of the type wherein reduced silver ions can deposit thereon as metallic silver. The redox potential of the electrolyte solution is continuously monitored and a reducing agent is added automatically when the redox potential rises above a predetermined level. When the redox potential drops below a predetermined level the addition of the reducing agent is automatically stopped.

Abstract: Oxygen is mixed into hydrogen for use as breathing gas for divers, pressure chambers and the like in precise and regulated amounts. Provision is also made to prevent explosion of these mutually reactive gases during mixing.

Abstract: In a noise rejecting compensation circuit for developing apparatus to be replenished with developing liquid during a time when the integral value derived from summing up an electric signal through integrator means by predetermined periods reaches a predetermined value from another value, said electric signal is transformed through photocell means from a light emitted from light source means and interfered with film means, differential amplifier means is provided at the input side of said integrator means, leakage by-pass having condenser means is connected with said differential amplifier means in parallel, and leakage contact means is provided to be closed at a time when said light source means is turned off in said leakage by-pass means.

Abstract: Disclosed herewith is a developer replenishment system in an apparatus used in developing photographic films, the system comprises a first integrator to integrate a converted signal of an electric value corresponding to a light radiated from a light source after interfering in a developed film; a second integrator to integrate an electric signal being of a larger rising gradient than said converted signal; a first comparator designed to generate a signal for initiating replenishment of developer when it receives a prescribed electrical value signal and a signal from said first integrator and when the signal value from said integrator reaches the level of said prescribed electrical signal; a drive circuit designed to be driven by said signal for initiating replenishment of developer and to actuate a developer replenishment pump and cause said second integrator to start an operation; a second comparator designed to generate a signal for ceasing replenishment of developer when it receives the signal from said se