Abstract: A method for stabilizing soil and reinforcing vegetation includes placing a single-layered, three-dimensional, high-profile woven geotextile fabric into the soil. The single-layered, homogeneous fabric is woven from monofilament yarns having different heat shrinkage characteristics such that, when heated, the fabric forms a thick three-dimensional, cuspated profile. The monofilament yarns have a relatively high tensile strength and a relatively high modulus at 10 percent elongation so as to provide a fabric which is greater in strength and more dimensionally stable than other geotextile structures. Thus, the geotextile fabric is suitable for use on slopes, ditches and other embankments and surfaces where erosion control, soil stabilization and/or vegetative reinforcement may be necessary. The homogeneous, single-component nature of the fabric promotes easier handling and minimizes failure points, while offering a thick, strong and dimensionally stable product upon installation.

Abstract: A woven belt having thick and narrow portions with a breaking strength per unit width that exceeds the level of strength of conventional fabric straps and belts. One embodiment of the belt includes at least four layers of weave structure in which two outer layers are woven into a hollow tube by a common weft and the remaining inner layers are woven together by a second weft. The widthwise central area of the belt is provided with a thickness that is larger than a quarter of the belt width.

Abstract: A papermaker's fabric having a smooth surface and a prolonged life includes flat machine-direction yarns which define the upper and lower surfaces thereof. The fabric has two layers of cross-machine direction yarns, each of which is interwoven with the flat machine-direction yarns. Other machine-direction yarns, of round cross section, weave with the cross-machine-direction yarns in the two layers to bind the two layers together. The knuckles of these round machine-direction yarns are within the fabric with respect to the planes defined by the flat machine-direction yarns, and, as a consequence, are less susceptible to degradation by heat and abrasion. The round machine-direction yarns may be used to seam the fabric. A longer fabric life follows from the protection of the round machine-direction yarns by the flat. The papermaker's fabric is particularly useful as a dryer fabric on the dryer section of a papermachine.

Abstract: An article of manufacture that contains a plurality of yarns woven into an interlocking 3-dimensional structure whether or not uniform and symmetrical such that the interlocking impedes the penetration of projectiles such as bullets, fragments, flachettes and the like. The articles of the present invention are useful for providing a high degree of ballistic resistance and are therefore useful in armor applications.

Abstract: A woven material is described in which optical fibers are positioned and held in the material in a manner to maximize their optical efficiency. The material consists of fibers extending in both the warp and woof direction, the optical fibers are positioned in channels between the supporting fibers in the warp direction. The material is manufactured using conventional weaving equipment by positioning both the optical fibers and the warp fibers, and then weaving the woof fibers into place without bending the optical fibers. The fibers are thusly woven so that the optical fibers have zero warp. The woven grid-like mat can be coated with a protective material that either enables it to form a flexible sheet of ribbon or a rigid, hard, grid-like mat which has aligned zero warp optical fibers embedded therein. The material shown can be used to provide sensing, imaging or communications. It can be utilized for optical backplanes for optoelectronic systems or a housing for optoelectronic components.

Abstract: A tubular multilayer woven fabric composed of at least two layers of a plurality of axial yarns, a circumferential yarn arranged between each layer without being interlaced with the axial yarns, and an interlacing yarn interlacing the axial yarns in different layers of the axial yarn. This woven fabric can be manufactured by inserting a yarn into shedding spaces by moving a shuttle along a straight line, traversing in a lateral direction, moving back along another straight line, and further traversing in a lateral direction back to the original position.

Abstract: A woven material is described in which optical fibers are positioned and held in the material in a manner to maximize their optical efficiency. The material consists of fibers extending in both the warp and woof direction, the optical fibers are positioned in channels between the supporting fibers in the warp direction. The material is manufactured using conventional weaving equipment by positioning both the optical fibers and the warp fibers, and then weaving the woof fibers into place without bending the optical fibers. The fibers are thusly woven so that the optical fibers have zero warp. The woven grid-like mat can be coated with a protective material that either enables it to form a flexible sheet of ribbon or a rigid, hard, grid-like mat which has aligned zero warp optical fibers embedded therein. The material shown can be used to provide sensing, imaging or communications. It can be utilized for optical backplanes for optoelectronic systems or a housing for optoelectronic components.

Abstract: In a textile lifting sling or in a lashing strap thickened locations are provided at least on one side (7) of the sling in the longitudinal direction (2) of the sling so as project in the manner of longitudinal beads (6) or rows of nubs (9) beyond the outer surface (7) of the basic fabric of the webbing strap (5) or of the tube (4) so as to increase abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A corrugation machine includes a woven papermakers fabric. The fabric has at least four layers of bulky yarns interwoven with monofilament yarns. The yarns and weave patterns are selected such that the fabric has a caliper of at least 0.2 inches, a weight of between 10 to 15 ounces per square foot and a permeability of at least 25 CFM.

Abstract: A multi-layer industrial type woven webbing having a multiple weave construction has at least one warp end of polyamid yarn adjacent both of the selvage edges of both the upper layer of fabric and the lower layer of fabric to provide greater toughness at the edges of the webbing. Further toughness of the edges is provided by additionally adding two or more warp ends of polyamid monofilament at each selvage edge of each fabric layer.

Abstract: A flat textile body is composed of adjacent bands (2) that extend in a perpendicular direction to its main center-plane (M). Each band has marginal sections (4) made of woven or knitted warp (6) and weft threads (8). Between the marginal sections at least most of the weft threads are floating threads. Adjacent marginal sections (4) of adjacent bands (2) are not linked to each other by purely mechanical means, i.e. glued or soldered. The resulting flat body is easy to produce in a precise manner and is very versatile. In particular, it can be cut along its main center-plane (M) into two symmetrical pile carpet plates.

Abstract: A weaving method and a leno heald system for producing a 3-dimensional woven fabric which includes a plurality of stacked single-ply webs (A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3, A.sub.4) each comprising a weft yarn (2) which cross-bridges between warp yarns (1) arranged in rows in each web. The adjacent webs are connected together by a second warp yarn (3) which either cross-links to one of the warp yarns (1) at a cross-linking location or to the weft yarn adjacent the cross-linking location. The successive cross-linking locations are spaced in the weaving direction by at least one weft yarn course.

Abstract: A structure multi-layer fabric (A) is disclosed having a prescribed weave pattern and mesh which provides uniform flexibility and which can be used as structural fabric or impregnated with a resin in a structural composite. The flexibility of the fabric facilitates conforming of the fabric to a desired shape. The rising and sinking warp yarns in the warp and weft directions facilitate effective impregnation by defining trough-like structures in the fabric, as well as enhancing the fabric flexibility. The fabric is characterized as having (N) layers, 2N basic warp yarns woven in a 2N yarn repeat, and 2N-2) basic weft yarns woven in a (2N-2) yarn repeat. In the illustrated embodiment, there are 10 basic weft yarn picks (60,62,64,66,68,70,72,74,76,78) and twelve basic warp yarns (34,36,38,40,42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56) woven in 6 layers (D,E,F,G,H,I). Warp yarns (B) and weft yarns (C) rise and sink in the fabric between outer face (30) and outer face (32).

Abstract: A reinforcing woven fabric comprising warps of reinforcing filamentary yarns arranged to form a high-density portion of warps and low-density portion of warps in the transverse direction and wefts of reinforcing filamentary yarns extending obliquely to the warps, a preformed material formed using a plurality of the reinforcing woven fabrics, a fiber reinforced composite material formed using the preformed material and a beam particularly suitable as the fiber reinforced composite material. The high-density portion of warps in the reinforcing woven fabric can satisfy the strength and rigidity against bending or tensile stress required for the flange of the beam and the obliquely extending wefts in the low-density portion of warps can satisfy the strength against shear stress required for the web of the beam, when a plurality of the reinforcing woven fabrics are laminated to form the preformed material for the beam. The mechanical properties required for the beam can be efficiently obtained.

Abstract: A multiply fabric which has a center portion and lateral marginal portions, the warp threads in the center portion being carbon fibers or glass fibers and the warp threads in the lateral marginal portions being made of a robust material having a high tensile strength, the fabric including at least 20 weft threads per cm of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads in a single shed in the center portion.

Abstract: A corrugation machine includes a woven papermakers fabric. The fabric has at least four layers of bulky yarns interwoven with monofilament yarns. The yarns and weave patterns are selected such that the fabric has a caliper of at least 0.2 inches, a weight of between 10 to 15 ounces per square foot and a permability of at least 25 CFM.

Abstract: A composite reinforcement element comprising three superimposed and crossed even layers of threads and a continuous thread extending perpendicularly through the three superimposed even layers. The layers are impregnated with a binder and the binder is polymerized after impregnation. The superimposed and crossed even layers are initially maintained assembled, before the impregnation and the polymerization of the binder, by a conjugate action of gripping and friction of the three superposed and crossed even layers of threads on the continuous thread which extends therethrough. The continuous thread forms an internal surface of the composite reinforcement element which protrudes from the superimposed and crossed even layers of threads in the form of open loops which are interconnected on an external surface of the element.

Abstract: In a multi-layer woven fabric in which a first yarn system forms yarn layers between the opposite broad surfaces of the fabric and a second yarn system extends through the fabric thickness between the opposite broad surfaces and is interwoven with the yarn layers, at least one of the first and second yarn systems is comprised of two or more different yarn groups of different material composition disposed within different portions of the thickness of the fabric. This enables different materials such as carbon, ceramics, metals and organics to be disposed uniformly throughout the fabric thickness or to be concentrated within particular portions of the fabric thickness. In this manner multi-layer woven fabrics can be customized for particular applications in terms of their chemical, electrical, thermal, ablative, optical or other properties while retaining the advantageous structural characteristics of such fabrics. Both angle interlock and layer-to-layer weaving configurations may be used.

Abstract: A seam is provided for a papermaker's felt for use in a papermaker's machine. The seam joins a felt having at least four layers of machine direction yarns in which at least two layers at each end of the felt are finished in loops, and the remaining layers are finished with or without loops. The loops of the ends to be joined are mated, and a pintle is inserted to close the seam.

Abstract: A woven multilayered textile fabric and attendant method wherein a plurality of layers of the fabric are formed of straight yarns, including a plurality of layers formed of warp yarns and a plurality of layers formed of filling yarns positioned in superposed relation on opposite sides of the layers of warp yarns and extending at right angles to the warp yarns, and binder yarns arranged in cooperating pairs with one binder yarn of each pair extending over certain superposed filling yarns and under certain other superposed filling yarns, and the other binder yarn of each pair being woven oppositely under said certain superposed filling yarns and over said certain other superposed filling yarns.

Abstract: There is described a cloth for draining and drying paper webs, comprising a fabric formed by warp threads and weft threads. Said cloth further comprises a top layer of interlaced lengthwise strips and weft threads, at least one upper weft thread part passing underneath one or a plurality of lengthwise strips, being connected to the fabric by at least one warp thread thereof, which has been passed between said upper weft thread part and the lengthwise strip or strips.

Abstract: A reinforcement ply intended for use in a tire is characterized by the fact that the reinforcement ply is formed, at least in part, of a fabric having the following properties:(a) the fabric comprises a three-dimensional body and reinforcement threads arranged in the body and held by the body;(b) practically all the voids in the fabric are capable of being impregnated with at least one material which forms part of the structure of the tire.The invention also relates to these plies which are impregnated with at least one material which forms part of the structure of the tires. The invention further relates to tires having at least one reinforcement ply, as well as to the methods for obtaining such tires.

Abstract: A reinforcement ply intended for use in a tire is characterized by the fact that the reinforcement ply is formed, at least in part, of a fabric having the following properties:(a) the fabric comprises a three-dimensional body and reinforcement threads arranged in the body and held by the body;(b) practically all the voids in the fabric are capable of being impregnated with at least one material which forms part of the structure of the tire.The invention also relates to these plies which are impregnated with at least one material which forms part of the structure of the tires. The invention further relates to tires having at least one reinforcement ply, as well as to the methods for obtaining such tires.

Abstract: A tire with a crown comprising a strengthening reinforcement and at least one protective ply arranged above the strengthening reinforcement is characterized by the fact that the protective ply has the following features: it comprises a three-dimensional fabric impregnated with rubber; the fabric comprises warp threads and woof threads; the warp threads and the woof threads undulate; the warp threads and the woof threads are made with one or more materials whose rupture stress is less than 140 kg/mm.sup.2 ; and the porosity of the fabric before impregnation with rubber varies from 60% to 90%.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric having surface floats on both the paper surface and the non-paper contacting surface for improved sheet contact area and improved abrasion resistance. The fabric also includes a plurality of stuffer pick receiving sheds defined by warp yarns of non-circular cross section used to weave the fabric. In a preferred embodiment, the warp yarns are of generally rectangular cross section with rounded corners. Each of these sheds may receive a stuffer pick, the construction of which will be determined by the permeability required in the finished fabric, while the warp and weft yarns used to define the fabric remain unchanged. The warp ends of the fabric terminate in a pin seam made up of a number of enlarged seam loops which are created when a select number of the warp yarns of non-circular cross section are symmetrically rewoven into the fabric.

Abstract: A dryer fabric and method for drying a web W of paper material is disclosed which includes passing the web through a dryer having a plurality of heated cylinders and holding the web in contact against the heated cylinders by means of a dryer fabric 24 arranged as an endless traveling dryer fabric. The dryer fabric includes a plurality of elongated helix means 30 extending in a cross-wise direction constructed from a polymeric material characterized by stress and heat resistance to which said fabric is subjected during endless travel about the rollers at elevated drying temperatures. Joint means 32 joins adjacent ones of helix means successively together in a machine direction to form an endless belt of desired dimension. Spaced upper and lower generally parallel loop runs 34a and 34b in the helix means 30 define a smooth generally flat paper contacting surface.

Abstract: A three-dimensionally latticed flexible-structure composite, including a three-dimensional lattice formed of longitudinal, lateral and vertical strings and a matrix formed by selectively impregnating the component strings of the aforementioned lattice with a molten plastic, the precursor of the matrix, and allowing the molten plastic adhering to the strings to solidify.

Abstract: Weavable yarns whose fibers are metallic or have a heat conducting, metallized coating are woven together with a plurality of yarn layers using, say, an angle weave to produce an interlocked, multilayer fabric. The fabric provides heat conduction paths for the efficient transferring of heat from a substrate.Typical coated or metallic fibers which may be employed in the yarn include glass, graphite, ceramic, polyester, nylon, rayon, cotton, wool, acrylonitrile, etc.; metallic fibers such as copper, aluminum and steel are also suitable. A preferred heat conductive coating comprises an aluminum, aluminum alloy or other suitable metal which can be applied to a glass fiber.

Abstract: A tire cord fabric suitable for reinforcement of rubber articles is disclosed. The tire cord fabric is manufactured by lengthwisely arranging a great number of cords as warp cords over a given width and then relatively coarsely interlacing them with weft yarns. In each selvage portion of the fabric is formed a joint part consisting of a special cord arrangement.

Abstract: Webbing is formed by weaving wefts and warps of high extensibility and has warp threads of low or medium extensibility suitably spaced apart in the widthwise direction of the webbing and woven into the webbing to form energy absorbing portions.

Abstract: A tubular fabric for use as a carcass for power transmission and conveyor belts. A plurality of longitudinal warp yarns and a plurality of transverse weft yarns are interwoven in a warp weave wherein the transverse weft yarns form adjacent pairs having upper yarns and lower yarns. The longitudinal warp yarns pass above a first upper yarn of a pair of transverse weft yarns, between a second upper yarn and a second lower yarn of a second pair of transverse weft yarns adjacent the first pair, below a third lower yarn of a third pair of transverse weft yarns adjacent the second pair and between a fourth upper yarn and a fourth lower yarn of a fourth pair of transverse weft yarns adjacent the third pair.From a planar view of the surface of the tubular fabric, the yarns are substantially perpendicular and have a weft weave which has the same configuration as the warp weave.

Abstract: A fabric web intended for the production of garment inserts for reinforcing shoulder, chest or lap parts of garments the web having a reinforced region comprising a double-cloth formed by two fabrics, each having a warp thread and a weft thread system, and a reinforcing thread warp or weft system between the two fabrics, the reinforcing threads having a stronger spring force than the warp and weft threads of the two fabrics. Threads of a fabric are interlaced with threads of the other fabric and/or reinforcing threads are interlaced with fabric threads. The physical characteristics of at least one system, e.g. spring force of the reinforcing threads or thread spacing or density, vary in a direction transverse to the length of the threads of such system to provide a spring force and resilience which varies across and/or along the web from the reinforced region toward another portion of the web.

Abstract: A papermaker's belt particularly suited for use as a forming fabric, the fabric being of biplanar construction with sets of upper and lower filling yarns interconnected by warp yarns extending between the upper and lower surfaces of the fabric, the fabric being characterized by diagonally disposed sets of upper and lower filling yarns with the warp yarns extending diagonally between adjacent sets of the filling yarns in one direction and diagonally between the upper and lower yarns of another set of filling yarns in the opposite direction.

Abstract: Three-dimensional impregnated filamentary materials and methods for making the same.

Abstract: A material is provided for use as a tower packing and/or as the separation medium in mist eliminators. Also provided are methods for producing the new material. The new material is comprised of woven strands, or at least two sets of strands interleaved together in directions perpendicular to each other, with the strands in either the warp or filling direction being essentially straight, while those in the other direction are geometrically reoriented or otherwise configured through the straight strands in a specific manner and, preferably, joined together at intersecting points, to produce a material having substantial thickness in cross section. All of the individual strands of the material, when placed for use, will be essentially perpendicular to the fluid flow being treated. As a result, the material of the invention provides a substantial increase in the void fraction for mist elimination and a substantial increase in impact contact surfaces for tower packing applications.

Abstract: Three-dimensional impregnated filamentary materials and methods for making the same.

Abstract: An improved tear webbing is fabricated of two woven straps offering graduy increasing resistance to tearing of the pile yarn woven between the straps to assure that sequential tearing of only the pile ends will occur; and by providing the technique of snubbing or binding the pile yarn in place around each adjacent weft picks of the webbing so that the pile yarn will tear and discourage slipping that may otherwise cause failure of the straps.