Abstract: Provided is a CVT ring member having a nitrided layer on a surface thereof. The CVT ring member includes a chemical composition containing, by mass, C: 0.43 to 0.70%, Si: 2.50% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, Cr: 1.50 to 4.00%, Mo: 0.50 to 3.00% and V: 1.00% or less while satisfying a relation of Formula 1: 159×C(%)+91×Si(%)+68×Cr(%)+198×Mo (%)+646?1,000, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The ring member has a tensile strength of 1,700 MPa or more. The nitrided layer has a surface hardness of HV800 to HV950.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the generative production of a three-dimensional component in a processing chamber are disclosed. The method performs the steps of providing a metal starting material in the processing chamber and melting the starting material by inputting energy, which are repeated multiple times. A process gas is passed through the processing chamber in a circuit. Hydrogen is added to the circulating gas, then the circulating gas is heated to a temperature above 500 ° C. and then cooled to a temperature below 60 ° C.

Abstract: A pump rod can include a body that includes a longitudinal axis; and a pin at an end of the body where the pin includes threads where the threads include tangential elliptical roots.

Abstract: There is provided a surface treatment method in which a processing gas is brought in contact with a heated processing object made of steel, an element in the processing gas is solid-solutionized, and thus a surface treatment is performed on the processing object. The processing object is heated to a heating temperature in a vicinity of a processing temperature at which the surface treatment is performed by heating an atmosphere in which the processing object is disposed. The surface treatment is performed by bringing the processing gas in contact with a surface of the processing object while the processing object which is heated is directly heated to the processing temperature.

Abstract: Process for the production of grain-oriented Fe—Si sheets having excellent magnetic characteristics to be used for construction of electrical devices wherein the thickness of hot rolled strip (_>3.5 mm) and the total cold deformation rate (90-98%) are higher than known processes, and wherein hot rolled strip annealing before cold rolling is not scheduled.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at a method of production gain oriented Fe—Si steel sheet presenting an induction value at 800 A/m above 1.870 Tesla and a core power loss lower than 1.3 W/kg at a specific magnetic induction of 1.7 Tesla (T). The steel chemical composition comprises, in weight percentage: 2.8?Si?4, 0.20?Cu?0.6, 0.05?Mn?0.4, 0.001?Al?0.04, 0.025?C?0.05, 0.005?N?0.02, 0.005?Sn?0.03, S?0.015 and optionally Ti, Nb, V or B in a cumulated amount below 0.02, the following relationships being respected: Mn/Sn?40, 2.0?C/N?5.0, Al/N?1.20, and the balance being Fe and other inevitable impurities.

Abstract: The coil spring includes steel wire material containing 0.45 to 0.80 weight % of C, 0.15 to 2.50 weight % of Si, 0.3 to 1.0 weight % of Mn and iron and inevitable impurities as the remainder, and having a circle equivalent diameter of 2.5 mm to 10 mm, in which internal hardness at a freely selected cross section of the wire material is in a range of 570 to 700 Hv, C-condensed layer which exceeds average concentration of C contained in the steel wire material exists at surface layer part, and in an approximate maximum principal stress direction generated when a compressive load is loaded on spring of inner diameter side of the coil spring of the wire material, unloaded compressive residual stress at a depth of 0.2 mm and 0.4 min from surface of the wire material is not less than 200 MPa and not less than 60 MPa, respectively.

Abstract: A method for producing a workpiece having properties which are adjustable across a wall thickness or strip thickness of the workpiece, includes the steps of subjecting the workpiece to a decarburizing annealing treatment under an oxidizing atmosphere and to an accelerated cooling and/or a cold forming for generating a property gradient of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is made of an austenitic lightweight steel which has an alloy composition which includes by weight percent 0.2% to 1% carbon, 0.05% to<15% aluminum, 0.05% to 6.0% silicon, 9% to<30% manganese, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium, copper, boron, titanium, zirconium, vanadium and niobium, wherein chromium=4.0%; titanium+zirconium=0.7%; niobium+vanadium=0.5%, boron=1%, the remainder iron including common steel companion elements.

Abstract: A process for producing grain oriented magnetic sheets by subjecting a steel slab ?100 mm, containing 2.5-3.5% si, to the following operations: optional first heating, to a temperature T1?1250° C.; first rough hot-rolling at T2 between 900 and 1200° C., the reduction ratio (% Rid) being at least 80% in the absence of a subsequent heating or, in the presence of a subsequent heating to T3?1300° C., at least 60% determined by % Rid=80?(T3?T2)/5; second finishing hot-rolling at T4<1300° C. to a rolled-section thickness of 1.5 3.0 mm; cold-rolling, in one or more stages with optional intermediate annealing and with a cold reduction ratio ?60% applied in the last stage; primary recrystallization annealing, optionally in a decarburizing atmosphere; second recrystallization annealing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a grain-oriented steel flat product for electrotechnical applications, wherein, in a production step, “decarburising and nitriding annealing” is carried out in two stages. The first stage of the annealing process extends over a first time interval, which comprises heating the cold strip starting from a start temperature to a first target annealing temperature and holding it at this target annealing temperature, and the second stage of the annealing process extends over a second time interval, in which the cold strip is heated to a second target annealing temperature and subsequently held at this target annealing temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reworking a composition comprising a substrate and an oxidation and/or nitridation layer on the surface of the substrate by treating the composition under reduced pressure or in an inert gas environment at an elevated temperature until the oxidation and/or nitridation layer is substantially removed from the surface. In this way, manufacturing efficiencies and yields are improved as material that would otherwise have been scrapped is now used.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet including a nitriding treatment (step S7) and adopting so-called “low-temperature slab heating”, the finish temperature of finish rolling in hot rolling (step S2) is set to 950° C. or below, the cooling is started within 2 seconds after completion of the finish rolling, and a steel strip is coiled at 700° C. or below. The cooling rate over the duration from the end of finish rolling to the start of coiling is set to 10° C./sec or above. In annealing (step S3) of the hot-rolled steel strip, the heating rate in the temperature range from 800° C. to 1000° C. is set to 5° C./sec or above.

Abstract: A cast slab containing C: less than 0.02 mass % and made of an Fe-based metal of an ?-? transforming component is subjected to hot rolling at a temperature of an A3 point or higher and is subjected to ?-region rolling at a temperature of 300° C. or higher and lower than the A3 point, and thereby a base metal sheet having a {100} texture in a surface layer portion is fabricated. Then, by performing a heat treatment under predetermined conditions, an Fe-based metal sheet is obtained in which a Z value is not less than 2.0 nor more than 200 when intensity ratios of respective {001}<470>, {116}<6 12 1>, and {223}<692> directions in a sheet plane by X-ray diffraction are set to A, B, and C respectively and Z=(A+0.97B)/0.98C is satisfied.

Abstract: In the formation of sheet material from molten glass, molten glass is formed in a melting furnace and transported through a precious metal delivery system to the forming apparatus. Disclosed herein is a method to mitigate carbon contamination of individual components of the precious metal delivery system prior to and/or during their use. The method involves positioning an oxygen generating material within portions of a precious metal component, and may comprise one or more heat treating steps of the component in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet being a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet containing Si of 0.8 mass % to 7 mass %, Mn of 0.05 mass % to 1 mass %, B of 0.0005 mass % to 0.0080 mass %, each content of Al, C, N, S, and Se of 0.005 mass % or less, and a balance being composed of Fe and inevitable impurities and having a glass coating film made of composite oxide mainly composed of forsterite on the steel sheet surface, in which when glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDS) to the surface of a secondary coating film formed on the surface of the glass coating film under a predetermined condition is performed, a peak, of B, in emission intensity having a peak position in emission intensity different from a peak position, of Mg, in emission intensity is obtained and the peak position, of B, in emission intensity from the steel sheet surface is deeper than the peak position, of Mg, in emission intensity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an implant, in particular an intraluminal endoprosthesis, having a body containing metallic material, preferably iron. For controlling the degradation of the implant the method includes the following steps: (a) providing a first part of the implant body; and (b) performing heat treatment which alters the carbon content and/or the boron content and/or the nitrogen content in the structure of a near-surface boundary layer in the first part of the implant body in such a way that strain on the lattice or a lattice transformation, optionally following a subsequent mechanical load, is achieved in the near-surface boundary layer. Such an implant is also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method which allows steel strip to be produced in which high hardness and good formability are combined. The following steps of operation are followed: making the steel strip from the heat-treatable steel, heating the steel strip, when coiled into the open coil, to a decarburising annealing temperature which may be up to 20° C. below the Ac1 temperature of the given heat-treatable steel and which does not exceed the Ac3 temperature of the given heat-treatable steel, annealing the steel strip, in the open coil, in a decarburising atmosphere for a decarburising annealing time of at least 90 minutes, the decarburising gas which forms the decarburising atmosphere flowing through the gaps which exist between the layers of the open coil, accelerated cooling the steel strip, the depth of decarburisation, as measured from the given surface of the steel strip, being limited to a range which is less than a quarter of the thickness of the steel strip.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet including a nitriding treatment (step S7) and adopting so-called “low-temperature slab heating”, the finish temperature of finish rolling in hot rolling (step S2) is set to 950° C. or below, the cooling is started within 2 seconds after completion of the finish rolling, and a steel strip is coiled at 700° C. or below. The cooling rate over the duration from the end of finish rolling to the start of coiling is set to 10° C./sec or above. In annealing (step S3) of the hot-rolled steel strip, the heating rate in the temperature range from 800° C. to 1000° C. is set to 5° C./sec or above.

Abstract: A predetermined steel containing Te: 0.0005 mass % to 0.0050 mass % is heated to 1320° C. or lower to be subjected to hot rolling, and is subjected to annealing, cold rolling, decarburization annealing, and nitridation annealing, and thereby a decarburized nitrided steel sheet is obtained. Further, an annealing separating agent is applied on the surface of the decarburized nitrided steel sheet and finish annealing is performed, and thereby a glass coating film is formed. The N content of the decarburized nitrided steel sheet is set to 0.0150 mass % to 0.0250 mass % and the relationship of 2×[Te]+[N]?0.0300 mass % is set to be established. Note that [Te] represents the Te content and [N] represents the N content.

Abstract: Hot rolling is performed on a steel with a predetermined composition containing Ti: 0.0020 mass % to 0.010 mass % and/or Cu: 0.010 mass % to 0.50 mass % to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet. Annealing is performed on the hot-rolled steel sheet to obtain an annealed steel sheet. Cold rolling is performed on the annealed steel sheet to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet. Decarburization annealing is performed on the cold-rolled steel sheet at a temperature of 800° C. to 950° C. to obtain a decarburization annealed steel sheet. Then, nitridation treatment is performed on the decarburization annealed steel sheet at 700° C. to 850° C. to obtain a nitrided steel sheet. Finish annealing is performed on the nitrided steel sheet.

Abstract: Hot rolling is performed on a steel with a predetermined composition containing Ti: 0.0020 mass % to 0.010 mass % and/or Cu: 0.010 mass % to 0.50 mass % to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet. Annealing is performed on the hot-rolled steel sheet to obtain an annealed steel sheet. Cold rolling is performed on the annealed steel sheet to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet. Decarburization annealing and nitridation annealing are performed on the cold-rolled steel sheet to obtain a decarburized nitrided steel sheet. Then, finish annealing is performed on the decarburized nitrided steel sheet. When obtaining the decarburized nitrided steel sheet, heating on the cold-rolled steel sheet is started in a decarburizing and nitriding atmosphere, then first annealing is performed at a first temperature within a predetermined range, and then second annealing is performed at a second temperature within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A high strength steel material which is excellent in delayed fracture resistance containing, by mass %, C: 0.10 to 0.55%, Si: 0.01 to 3%, and Mn: 0.1 to 2%, further containing one or both of V: 1.5% or less and Mo: 3.0% or less, the contents of V and Mo satisfying V+1/2Mo>0.4%, further containing one or more of Cr: 0.05 to 1.5%, Nb: 0.001 to 0.05%, Cu: 0.01 to 4%, Ni: 0.01 to 4%, and B: 0.0001 to 0.005%, and having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the structure being a mainly tempered martensite structure, the surface of the steel material being formed with (a) a nitrided layer having a thickness from the surface of the steel material of 200 ?m or more and a nitrogen concentration of 12.0 mass % or less and higher than the nitrogen concentration of the steel material by 0.02 mass % or more and (b) a low carbon region having a depth from the surface of the steel material of 100 ?m or more to 1000 ?m or less and having a carbon concentration of 0.05 mass % or more and 0.

Abstract: A process to manufacture grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES) strip and a product produced by the process are provided. A molten silicon-alloyed steel is continuously cast in a strand having a thickness in the range of from 50 to 100 mm and subjected to hot- rolling in a plurality of uni-directional rolling stands to produce final hot-rolled strip coils having a thickness in the range of from 0.7 to 4.0 mm followed by a continuous annealing the hot-rolled strip, cold rolling, continuous annealing the cold-rolled strip to induce primary recrystallisation and, optionally, decarburization and/or nitriding, coating the annealed strip, annealing the coiled strip to induce secondary recrystallisation, continuous thermal flattening annealing of the annealed strip and coating the annealed strip for electric insulation.

Abstract: A surface temperature of a slab is decreased down to 600° C. or lower between start of continuous casting (step S2) and start of slab reheating (step S3). The surface temperature of the slab is held at 150° C. or higher between the start of the continuous casting (step s2) and the start of the slab reheating (step S3). The surface temperature of the slab in the slab reheating (step S3) is set to not lower than 1080° C. and not higher than 1200° C.

Abstract: A nitriding treatment (Step S6) in which an N content of a decarburization-annealed steel strip is increased is performed between start of a decarburization annealing (Step S4) and occurrence of secondary recrystallization in a finish annealing (Step S5). In hot rolling (Step S1), a silicon steel material is held in a temperature range between 1000° C. and 800° C. for 300 seconds or longer, and then finish rolling is performed.

Abstract: A silicon steel material is heated in a predetermined temperature range according to contents of B, N, Mn, S, and Se (step S1), and is subjected to hot rolling (step S2). Further, a finish temperature Tf of finish rolling in the hot rolling is performed in a predetermined temperature range according to the content of B. Through these treatments, a certain amount of BN is made to precipitate compositely on MnS and/or MnSe.

Abstract: A surface temperature of a slab is decreased down to 600° C. or lower between start of continuous casting (step S2) and start of slab reheating (step S3). The surface temperature of the slab is held at 150° C. or higher between the start of the continuous casting (step s2) and the start of the slab reheating (step S3). The surface temperature of the slab in the slab reheating (step S3) is set to not lower than 1080° C. and not higher than 1200° C.

Abstract: Process for the production of grain-oriented magnetic sheets, wherein a slab made of steel having a thickness of ?100 mm, containing Si in the range comprised between 2.5 and 3.5% by weight, is subjected to a thermo-mechanical cycle comprising the following operations:—optional first heating to a temperature T1 no higher than 1250° C.·first rough hot-rolling, in a first rough hot rolling mill, to a temperature T2 comprised between 900 and 1200° C., the reduction ratio (% Rid) applied to the first rough hot-rolling being adjusted so as to be:—of at least 80%, in the absence of a subsequent heating to a temperature T3—determined by the following relationship % Rid=80 (T3?T2)/5, in the presence of a subsequent heating to a temperature T3—optional second heating to a temperature T3 >T2·second finishing hot-rolling, in a second fmishing hot rolling mill, to a temperature T4<T3 to a thickness of the rolled section comprised in the range of 1.5 mm-3.

Abstract: A slab having a predetermined composition is heated to 1280° C. or more. The slab is hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet. The hot-rolled steel sheet is annealed to obtain an annealed steel sheet. The annealed steel sheet is cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet. The cold-rolled steel sheet is decarburization annealed to obtain a decarburization annealed steel sheet. The decarburization annealed steel sheet is coiled in a coil state. The coil-state decarburization annealed steel sheet is finish-annealed. The cold-rolled steel sheet is heated to a temperature of 800° C. or more at a rate of 30° C./sec or more and 100° C./sec or less during increasing temperature of the cold-rolled steel sheet in the decarburization annealing or before the decarburization annealing. The decarburization annealed steel sheet is heated at a rate of 20° C./h or less within a temperature range of 750° C. or more and 1150° C.

Abstract: A furnace of heat treatment capable of keeping a stable nitriding quality for a long period of time is provided. The furnace of heat treatment performs a halogenation treatment and a nitriding treatment by heating a steel material under a predetermined atmosphere. An alloy containing Ni ranging between 50 mass % or more and 80 mass % or less and Fe ranging between 0 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less is used as a material of surfaces of core internals exposed to a treatment space where the nitriding treatment is performed. Accordingly, a nitriding reaction is hardly caused on the surfaces of the core internals, and the halogenation treatment and the nitriding treatment to an article to be treated can be stably executed for a long period of time. Further, a nitrided layer can be stably formed according to purposes on any types of steel materials including a steel type hard to be nitride.

Abstract: A slab with a predetermined composition is heated at 1280° C. to 1390° C. to make a substance functioning as an inhibitor to be solid-solved (step S1). Next, the slab is hot-rolled to obtain a steel strip (step S2). The steel strip is annealed to form a primary inhibitor in the steel strip (step S3). Next, the steel strip is cold-rolled once or more (step S4). Next, the steel strip is annealed to perform decarburization and to cause primary recrystallization (step S5). Next, nitriding treatment is performed on the steel strip in a mixed gas of hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia under a state where the steel strip runs, to form a secondary inhibitor in the steel strip (step S6). Next, the steel strip is annealed to induce secondary recrystallization (step S7).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an implant, in particular an intraluminal endoprosthesis, having a body containing metallic material, preferably iron. For controlling the degradation of the implant the method includes the following steps: (a) providing a first part of the implant body; and (b) performing heat treatment which alters the carbon content and/or the boron content and/or the nitrogen content in the structure of a near-surface boundary layer in the first part of the implant body in such a way that strain on the lattice or a lattice transformation, optionally following a subsequent mechanical load, is achieved in the near-surface boundary layer. Such an implant is also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method which allows steel strip to be produced in which high hardness and good formability are combined. The following steps of operation are followed. making the steel strip from the heat-treatable steel, heating the steel strip, when coiled into the open coil, to a decarburising annealing temperature which may be up to 20° C. below the Ac1 temperature of the given heat-treatable steel and which does not exceed the Ac3 temperature of the given heat-treatable steel, annealing the steel strip, in the open coil, in a decarburising atmosphere for a decarburising annealing time of at least 90 minutes, the decarburising gas which forms the decarburising atmosphere flowing through the gaps which exist between the layers of the open coil, accelerated cooling the steel strip, the depth of decarburisation, as measured from the given surface of the steel strip, being limited to a range which is less than a quarter of the thickness of the steel strip.

Abstract: A process for the production of a grain oriented magnetic strip, made of steel containing 2.3 to 5.0% of silicon, obtained by producing a hot-rolled sheet containing a distribution of second phases capable of controlling the secondary recrystallization by means of a two-step hot-rolling with an intermediate annealing, and by changing it into the final product.

Abstract: An energy-absorbing structure for a vehicle includes an energy-absorbing member that folds or crumples on crash impact, the energy-absorbing member being of a functionally-graded material having a less ductile core integral with a more ductile shell. The core is preferably of a medium carbon steel or an HSLA steel, with the shell having a lower content of carbon. The energy absorbing member may be made by partial decarburisation of a medium carbon or an HSLA steel member.

Abstract: Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in coating adhesion is provided. The steel sheet contains Si: 2 to 7% mass % and has a primary coating composed mainly of forsterite on its surface. A compound (A) containing one or more elements selected from among Ca, Sr and Ba, at least one rare earth metal, and sulfur is incorporated in the primary coating so as to reside in the interface layer between the primary coating and the steel sheet. As a result, occurrence of primary coating exfoliation at regions that are strongly worked during manufacture of a wound core transformer or the like is prevented.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of production of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising making a slab heating temperature 1280° C. or less, annealing hot rolled sheet by (a) a process of heating it to a predetermined temperature of 1000 to 1150° C. to cause recrystallization, then annealing by a temperature lower than that of 850 to 1100° C. or by (b) decarburizing in annealing the hot rolled sheet so that a difference in amounts of carbon of the steel sheet before and after annealing the hot rolled sheet becomes 0.002 to 0.02 mass % and performing the heating in the temperature elevation process of the decarburization annealing under conditions of a heating rate of 40° C. or more, preferably 75 to 125° C./s while the temperature of the steel sheet is in a range from 550° C. to 720° C. and utilizing induction heating for rapid heating in the temperature elevation process of decarburization annealing.

Abstract: In a production of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that is heated at a temperature of not higher than 1350° C., (a) the hot-rolled sheet is heated to a prescribed temperature of 1000° C. to 1150° C., and after recrystallization is annealed for a required time at a lower temperature of 850° C. to 1100° C., or (b) in the hot-rolled sheet annealing process decarburization is conducted to adjust the difference in the amount of carbon before and after decarburization to 0.002 to 0.02 mass %. In the temperature elevation process used in the decarburization annealing of the steel sheet, heating is conducted in the temperature range of 550° C. to 720° C. at a heating rate of at least 40° C./s, preferably 75 to 125° C./s, utilizing induction heating for the rapid heating used in the temperature elevation process in decarburization annealing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reworking a composition comprising a substrate and an oxidation and/or nitridation layer on the surface of the substrate by treating the composition under reduced pressure or in an inert gas environment at an elevated temperature until the oxidation and/or nitridation layer is substantially removed from the surface. In this way, manufacturing efficiencies and yields are improved as material that would otherwise have been scrapped is now used.

Abstract: Systems and methods create an air-gas mixture supply for an endothermic generator. The systems and methods convey a hydrocarbon gas under pressure through a valve, to thereby form an air-gas mixture supply for the endothermic generator. The systems and methods sense an actual air-gas ratio of the air-gas mixture supply. The systems and methods receive from an operator a set point air-gas ratio. The systems and methods compare the actual value to the set point value and generate a deviation. The systems and methods generating a control signal to operate the valve based upon the deviation, and, preferably, to minimize the deviation.

Abstract: A roller bearing that provides ball and roller bearing elements comprised of M50 steel and M50NiL steel having surface hardnesses above 60 HRC, and in the range of 65-72 HRC. The hardness in the surface region is achieved by nitriding the surface to achieve a high hardness and extended life. This improvement is brought about by controlling the microstructure of the alloy by minimizing the formation of retained austenite. The material is tempered as required. The surface is then nitrided, but the nitriding operation is carefully controlled to avoid the formation of intergranular nitrides. Because of the method used to prevent the formation of intergranular nitrides, some carbon may be present to prevent the surface of the steel from becoming depleted of carbon. The hardening element in this nitro-carburizing operation is nitrogen, which forms iron nitride as Fe3N or Fe4N intragranularly.

Abstract: A relatively high carbon, water-atomized, steel shot is softened via annealing to render it suitable for ballistic use. The annealing preferably includes decarburization from a surface layer or throughout and preferably provides the shot with a surface Knoop hardness of less than 250.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the decarburization of steel components in a furnace during heat treating processes. The concentration of CO2 and/or CO in the furnace is monitored in a first batch in order to determine periods of elevated CO2/CO concentrations, and inert gas is injected in subsequent batches during the previously determined periods of elevated CO2/CO concentrations.

Abstract: A method for densification of the surface layer of an optionally sintered powder metal component comprising the steps of: decarburizing the surface layer for softening the surface layer of the component; and densifying the surface layer of the component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multi-segmented fabricated gear rim and gear formed therefrom. Each gear rim segment in the gear is formed from a single unsegmented steel plate. The steel plate has an upper surface from which gear teeth are cut and a lower surface on which the gear sub-structure is welded. Relative to each other, the upper surface of the steel plate possesses high hardenability and poor weldability and the lower surface possesses low hardenability and good weldability. The steel plate is preferably formed using a decarburization process.

Abstract: A high temperature resistant article with improved protective coating bonding and method of manufacturing the article is provided. In one embodiment, the high temperature resistant article comprises a base body having a surface at least partly coated with an oxidation and corrosion protective coating containing a carbide forming element, wherein said base body is made from a metallic alloy having a medium carbon content and wherein the carbon content in a depth of 50 &mgr;m or deeper from said coated surface is less than 0.3% of said medium carbon content.

Abstract: A nickel-base superalloy article substrate has more nickel than any other element, a reactive element that is hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, lanthanum, or cerium, or combinations thereof, and a nominal bulk composition of carbon. A protective layer is deposited overlying the surface of the article substrate. The depositing of the protective layer includes steps of decarburizing locations where the carbon serves as a barrier to the diffusion of the reactive element from the substrate into the protective layer, and depositing an aluminum-containing protective layer overlying the substrate. The decreasing of the carbon concentration may be accomplished by decarburizing the substrate, depositing a platinum-containing layer and then decarburizing, depositing an aluminum-containing layer in a reducing atmosphere, or decarburizing the deposited protective layer. A ceramic thermal barrier coating may be deposited overlying the protective layer.

Abstract: A nickel-base superalloy article substrate has more nickel than any other element and a nominal bulk composition of carbon. A protective layer is deposited overlying the surface of the article substrate. The protective layer includes aluminum and one or more of the reactive elements hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, lanthanum, and cerium. The depositing of the protective layer includes steps of decarburizing locations where the carbon may serve as a barrier to the mobility of the reactive elements within the protective layer, and depositing an aluminum-containing protective layer overlying the substrate. The decreasing of the carbon concentration may be accomplished. by decarburizing the substrate, depositing a platinum-containing layer and then decarburizing, depositing an aluminum-containing layer in a reducing atmosphere, and/or decarburizing the deposited protective layer. A ceramic thermal barrier coating may be deposited overlying the protective layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming an electrically insulating layer on a steel article such as a stack of electrical steel laminations or an individual, unstacked electrical steel lamination, comprising exposing the article to an oxidation atmosphere, and to a temperature (such as at least about 800° F.) for a time sufficient to form on the article an electrically insulating layer comprising hematite. The hematite layer is effective to provide the article with a surface resistivity characterized by an F-amp value of not greater than about 0.85 at a test pressure of 50 psi and a transfer surface roughness of about 10 microinches (Ra). Also featured is a steel article having the electrically insulating layer formed thereon.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming an electrically insulating layer on a steel article such as a stack of electrical steel laminations or an individual, unstacked electrical steel lamination, comprising exposing the article to an oxidation atmosphere, and to a temperature (such as at least about 800° F.) for a time sufficient to form on the article an electrically insulating layer comprising hematite. The hematite layer is effective to provide the article with a surface resistivity characterized by an F-amp value of not greater than about 0.85 at a test pressure of 50 psi and a transfer surface roughness of about 10 micro inches (Ra). Also featured is a steel article having the electrically insulating layer formed thereon.