Abstract: The invention relates to a dispersion-hardened platinum composition comprising at least 70 wt. % platinum, the platinum composition containing up to 29.95 wt. % of one of the metals rhodium, gold, iridium and palladium, between 0.05 wt. % and 1 wt. % oxides of the non-precious metals zirconium, yttrium and scandium, and, as the remainder, the platinum including impurities, wherein between 7.0 mol. % and 11.0 mol. % of the oxides of the non-precious metals is yttrium oxide, between 0.1 mol. % and 5.0 mol. % of the oxides is scandium oxide, and the remainder of the oxides is zirconia, including oxide impurities. The invention also relates to a crucible for crystal growing, a semi-finished product, a tool, a tube, a stirrer, a fiberglass nozzle or a component for producing or processing glass made of a platinum composition of this kind and to a method for the production of a platinum composition.

Abstract: The invention relates weldments useful as heat transfer tubes in pyrolysis furnaces. The invention relates to tubes that are useful in pyrolysis furnaces. The weldments include a tubular member and at least one mixing element. The tubular member comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element's aluminum-containing alloy can be the same as or different from the tubular member's aluminum-containing alloy. Other aspects of the invention relate to pyrolysis furnaces which include such weldments, and the use of such pyrolysis furnaces for hydrocarbon conversion processes such as steam cracking.

Abstract: Alloys, a process for preparing the alloys, and manufactured articles including the alloys are described herein. The alloys include, by weight, about 11.5% to about 14.5% chromium, about 0.01% to about 3.0% nickel, about 0.1% to about 1.0% copper, about 0.1% to about 0.2% carbon, about 0.01% to about 0.1% niobium, 0% to about 5% cobalt, 0% to about 3.0% molybdenum, and 0% to about 0.5% titanium, the balance essentially iron and incidental elements and impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates weldments useful as heat transfer tubes in pyrolysis furnaces. The invention relates to tubes that are useful in pyrolysis furnaces. The weldments include a tubular member and at least one mixing element. The tubular member comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element's aluminum-containing alloy can be the same as or different from the tubular member's aluminum-containing alloy. Other aspects of the invention relate to pyrolysis furnaces which include such weldments, and the use of such pyrolysis furnaces for hydrocarbon conversion processes such as steam cracking.

Abstract: A method of forming a downhole tool comprises contacting at least one downhole structure comprising at least one metal material with a molten electrolyte comprising anhydrous sodium tetraborate. Electrical current is applied to at least a portion of the at least one downhole structure to form at least one borided downhole structure comprising at least one metal boride material. Other methods of forming a downhole tool, and a downhole tool are also described.

Abstract: A method by which a flat steel product containing 2-35 wt. % of Mn can be provided with a coating of Zn which adheres well by annealing at an annealing temperature Ta of 600-1100° C. for an annealing time of 10-240 s under an annealing atmosphere which has a reducing effect on the FeO present on the flat steel product and an oxidizing effect on the Mn contained in the steel substrate thereby forming a layer of Mn mixed oxide which covers the flat steel product at least in sections and then cooling the flat steel product to a temperature for bath entry and conveying it through a bath of molten Zn saturated within iron at a temperature of 420-520° C., within a dip time of 0.1-10 s.

Abstract: A nodular graphite cast iron, a method for fabricating a vane for a rotary compressor using nodular graphite cast iron, and a vane for a rotary compressor using the same are provided. The nodular graphite cast iron includes 3.4 wt % to 3.9 wt % of carbon (C), 2.0 wt % to 3.0 wt % of silicon (Si), 0.3 wt % to 1.0 wt % of manganese (Mn), 0.1 wt % to 1.0 wt % of chromium (Cr), 0.04 wt % to 0.15 wt % of titanium (Ti), less than 0.08 w % of phosphorus (P), less than 0.025 wt % of sulphur (S), 0.03 wt % to 0.05 wt % of magnesium (Mg), 0.02 wt % to 0.04 wt % of rare earth resource, iron (Fe) and impurities as the remnants, and includes a bainite matrix structure, nodular graphite, and 15 vol % to 35 vol % of carbide.

Abstract: A method of bonding a metal to a substrate involves forming a plurality of nano-features in a surface of the substrate, where each nano-feature is chosen from a nano-pore and/or a nano-crevice. In a molten state, the metal is over-cast onto the substrate surface, and penetrates the nano-features. Upon cooling, the metal is solidified inside the nano-features, where the solidification of the metal forms a mechanical interlock between the over-cast metal and the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for diffusion treatment of a coating on an engineering part resistant to marine climate, comprising: Step 1. pretreating the part; Step 2. preheating the part in a protective atmosphere furnace; Step 3. immersing the pre-heated part in a plating solution in a way that the part is rotated in the submerging process; Step 4. carrying out diffusion treatment, i.e., placing the immersion-plated part into a vacuum furnace, maintaining at 800 to 950° C. for 1 to 3 hours, and then cooling it down prior to discharge, such that atoms at an interface are diffused to form a diffusion layer on a substrate, achieving metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate. Treatment by the method of the present invention enables the part to have full resistance to corrosion and scouring erosion under marine climate.

Abstract: A method of bonding a metal to a substrate involves forming an oxide layer on a surface of the substrate, and in a molten state, over-casting the metal on the substrate surface. The over-casting drives a reaction at an interface between the over-cast metal and the oxide layer to form another oxide. The other oxide binds the metal to the substrate surface upon solidification of the over-cast metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing corrosion-resistant surfaces of nitrated or nitrocarburated steel components, the surfaces having roughness heights (Rz) of Rz?1.5 ?m. The method comprises the following steps: oxidation of the surfaces of the nitrated or nitrocarburated components in a first oxidation step; carrying out at least a second oxidation of the component surfaces in an immediately subsequent oxidation step; polishing the component surface in a final method step, directly after the final oxidation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the pretreatment of material surfaces in order to minimize the interaction between polycarbonate and metal and, in the processing and synthesis of polycarbonate, to obtain a high-quality polymer which in particular does not become discolored and is free of insoluble constituents.

Abstract: A solid body of a metal alloy comprising less than 99% by weight of noble metal and more than 1% by weight of dispersion-strengthening metals is converted for production of a dispersion-strengthened platinum material by at least 90% oxidation of the dispersion-strengthening metals into a dispersion-strengthened platinum material. The dispersion-strengthened platinum material contains a noble metal component of platinum or a platinum alloy amounting to between 95 and 99% by weight and a dispersion-strengthening agent. The noble metal component includes at least 55% by weight Pt, 0 to 30% by weight Rh, 0 to 30% by weight Au, and 0 to 40% by weight Pd. The remaining proportion by mass of more than 1% by weight is a dispersion-strengthening agent, which contains at least one metal oxidized at least 90% by weight with oxygen, the metal being selected from the group of Ce, Zr, Sc, and Y.

Abstract: A method for hardening the surfaces of work pieces made from stainless steel includes submerging the work pieces into a molten salt bath having the composition: potassium acetate 60-100 weight %; sodium acetate 0-100 weight %; metal salt 0-2 weight %, and are subjecting the work pieces to the molten salt bath for a period of 24 to 240 hours, during which the temperature of the molten salt bath is maintained less than 400° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for stabilizing lithium metal powder. The method comprises the steps of heating the lithium metal powder to above its melting point to provide molten lithium metal, dispersing the molten lithium metal, and contacting the dispersed molten lithium metal with a phosphorous-containing compound to provide a substantially continuous protective layer of lithium phosphate on the lithium metal powder.

Abstract: A method of using a protective gas composition comprising a fluorine-containing organic compound and a carrier gas for preventing a rapid oxidation or combustion of a molten magnesium/magnesium alloy alloy in a magnesium or magnesium alloy production process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the pretreatment of material surfaces in order to minimize the interaction between polycarbonate and metal and, in the processing and synthesis of polycarbonate, to obtain a high-quality polymer which in particular does not become discoloured and is free of insoluble constituents.

Abstract: A process for hardening a work piece of stainless steel through diffusion of the elements carbon and/or nitrogen into the work piece surfaces. The work piece is submerged into a molten salt bath and subjected to the molten salt bath for a period ranging from 15 minutes to 240 hours at temperatures below 450° C. In addition to potassium chloride and lithium chloride, the molten salt bath contains an activator substance consisting of barium chloride, strontium chloride, magnesium chloride and/or calcium chloride, and a free or complex cyanide as carbon-donating substance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a refractory carbide layer on the accessible surface of a C/C composite material, the method including a step consisting in placing the composite material in contact with a reactive composition in solid form that contains an atomic proportion greater than or equal to one-third and less than or equal to 95% of a metal that is a precursor of a determined carbide having a melting temperature greater than 2000° C., and an atomic proportion of silicon that is greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to two-thirds. The method further includes a step consisting in impregnating the accessible surface of the C/C composite material with the reactive composition melted at a temperature that is greater than or equal to the melting temperature of the metal that is a precursor of a determined carbide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing corrosion-resistant surfaces of nitrated or nitrocarburated steel components, the surfaces having roughness heights (Rz) of Rz?1.5 ?m. The method comprises the following steps: oxidation of the surfaces of the nitrated or nitrocarburated components in a first oxidation step; carrying out at least a second oxidation of the component surfaces in an immediately subsequent oxidation step; polishing the component surface in a final method step, directly after the final oxidation.

Abstract: A method for hardening the surfaces of work pieces made from stainless steel includes submerging the work pieces into a molten salt bath having the composition: potassium acetate 60-100 weight %; sodium acetate 0-100 weight %; metal salt 0-2 weight %, and are subjecting the work pieces to the molten salt bath for a period of 24 to 240 hours, during which the temperature of the molten salt bath is maintained less than 400° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet containing 2.0 to 3.5 percent by mass of Mn. The steel sheet includes a base steel sheet and a galvanized zinc-coat layer thereon, in which MnO particles are present in an average number of 10 or less per micrometer on a straight line lying in an interface between the galvanized zinc-coat layer and the steel sheet, an Fe—Al—O alloy layer is present at the interface between the MnO particles and the steel sheet, and the length of the Fe—Al—O alloy layer is less than 10% of the overall length of the interface. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, even though having a high Mn content, is resistant to uneven alloying and excels in surface appearance, because the amounts of the MnO particles and the Fe—Al—O alloy layer that cause uneven alloying are controlled.

Abstract: A method, and an article produced thereby, of providing a corroson-resistant, scratch-resistant, and stick-resistant, surface on a ferrous-metal-containing article, including forming microcavities in a ferrous-metal-containing article surface by ferritic nitrocarburization and seasoning the surface, including a non-stick agent deposited thereon. In preferred embodiments, the surface of the article including the exposed microcavities is oxidized before seasoning. The article includes cookware. Certain preferred embodiments include forming microcavities by ferritic nitrocarburization wherein the article is heated in an atmosphere including ammonia, nitrogen, and carbon-containing gas to a nitriding temperature of between about 800° F. and about 1300° F. for a time of about 0.5 hours to about 10 hours.

Abstract: A process for melt dip coating a strip of high-tensile steel with alloy constituents including zinc and/or aluminum includes the following steps. The strip is heated in a continuous furnace initially in a reductive atmosphere to a temperature of approximately 650° C., at which the alloy constituents diffuse to the surface in small amounts. The surface, consisting predominantly of pure iron, is converted into an iron oxide layer by a short heat treatment at a temperature of up to 750° C. in a reaction chamber which is integrated in a continuous furnace and has an oxidizing atmosphere. In a subsequent annealing treatment at a higher temperature in a reductive atmosphere, this iron oxide layer prevents the alloy constituents from diffusing to the surface. In the reductive atmosphere, the iron oxide layer is converted into a pure iron layer to which the zinc and/or aluminium are applied in the molten bath with optimum adhesion.

Abstract: There is provided a protective gas composition for preventing a rapid oxidation or combustion of a molten magnesium/magnesium alloy, comprising a fluorine-containing organic compound and a carrier gas. Furthermore, there is provided a method for preventing a rapid oxidation or combustion of a molten magnesium or magnesium alloy, which is characterized in that the above gas composition is used as a protective gas for preventing an oxidation or combustion of a molten magnesium or magnesium alloy in a magnesium or magnesium alloy production.

Abstract: A method for producing a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet which includes a hot-dip galvanization step, a temper rolling step and an oxidation step.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method for the hot-dip coating, in a liquid bath based on zinc containing aluminum, of a running strip of iron-carbon-manganese austenitic steel, in which said strip is subjected to a heat treatment in a furnace in which an atmosphere that is reducing with respect to iron prevails, in order to obtain a strip covered with a thin manganese oxide layer, and then the strip covered with the thin manganese oxide layer is made to run through said bath, the aluminum content in the bath being adjusted to a value at least equal to the content needed for the aluminum to completely reduce the manganese oxide layer, so as to form, on the surface of the strip, a coating comprising an iron-manganese-zinc alloy layer and a zinc surface layer.

Abstract: A process for applying a coating upon an article includes the steps of applying upon at least one surface of an article a bond coat layer composed of a bond coat material and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, silicon, rare earth metals, Group 3A of the Periodic Table of Elements and Group 4A of the Periodic Table of Elements; oxidizing the at least one metal to form at least one surface variation on an exposed surface of the bond coat layer and to form a thermally grown oxide layer upon the bond coat layer; and applying a thermal barrier coating layer upon said thermally grown oxide layer to produce a coated article.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a physical quantity detector, such as a pressure sensor and a load sensor, comprising a cylindrical part of which one end is closed with a strain generating part and a sensor part formed on the strain generating part, the cylindrical part mentioned above is produced by melting an alloying material having a composition capable of yielding an amorphous alloy, injecting the resultant molten alloy into a metal mold, and cooling the molten alloy in the metal mold to confer amorphousness on the alloy. The metal mold is composed of a split mold having at least two split parts for forming a cavity and an insert pin to be inserted into the cavity so as to define the inner configuration of the cylindrical part, or further an insert core to be inserted into the mold so as to form the surface of the cavity corresponding to the surface of the strain generating part.

Abstract: A metal member is produced with enhanced corrosion resistance by salt bath nitriding. Specifically, in a nitriding salt bath containing Li+, Na+ and K+ ions as cation components and CNO? and CO3?? ions as anion components and enhanced in oxidizing power by addition of an oxidizing-power-enhancing substance selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, bound water, free water and moist air, the metal member is immersed such that an nitrided layer is formed on a surface of the metal member and concurrently, an oxide film is formed on an outermost layer of the nitrided layer. As a subsequent step to the immersion in the nitriding salt bath, the metal member is immersed in a displacement cleansing salt bath which contains an alkali metal nitrate.

Abstract: A tin layer and a zinc layer are stacked sequentially on a given substrate to form a multilayered film composed of the tin layer and the zinc layer. Then, the multilayered film is heated to a given temperature to form a tin-zinc alloy film through the diffusion of the tin elements of the tin layer into the zinc layer.

Abstract: A chromium- and nitrogen-free brightening and passivating treatment for metal surfaces, particularly iron and steel, comprises: at least one acid; at least one substance containing a peroxy moiety; and at least one organic substance selected from the group consisting of; molecules that contain both at least one ether moiety and at least one hydroxyl moiety; molecules that contain at least two ether moieties; and molecules that contain in each molecule both at least one ether moiety and one nitrogen atom that is covalently bonded to at least three carbon atoms. Preferably part of the acid contains phosphorus, which has been found to act synergistically with the organic substance to stabilize peroxy compounds against decomposition, particularly in the presence of metal ions.

Abstract: A method and device for removing particulate matter from a liquid medium, especially a molten salt bath. The structure includes a device for capturing and removing particulate matter from a liquid medium. In operation, the device is inserted into the liquid having the particulate matter, with a particulate matter collector in the particle collecting position. An agitator circulates the liquid having the particulate matter therein. A portion of the particulate matter is collected in the particulate matter collector during the circulation. Thereafter, the circulation is ceased and the device is removed from the liquid with the particulate matter in the particulate matter collector. The device is moved to a discharge position, and the particulate matter collector is moved to a particle discharge position to discharge the particulate matter.

Abstract: A composition for nitrocarburizing stainless steel parts and a method for producing a nitride or hard case on such parts using the composition, are provided. The composition includes alkali metal cyanate and alkali metal carbonate, wherein the cyanate ion is present in a weight percentage of greater than 45% and less than 55.2%. The composition is fused and maintained between about 750° F. and about 950° F. depending upon the type of stainless steel to be treated. The workpiece is immersed in the fused bath and left in until a satisfactory compound layer or case is formed. With austenitic stainless steel, the piece is immersed from about four hours to about six hours at temperatures between about 750° F. and about 950° F., preferably between 750° F. and 850° F. to maintain corrosion resistance. With 400 series stainless steel, increased corrosion resistance is achieved by immersion for between four and six hours at 950° F.

Abstract: A metallic base material is covered with a coating layer of intermetallic compound, or a plurality of metallic base materials are welded to each other with an intermetallic compound, with reduced energy consumption within a short period of time. First metallic substance 31 in powdery form is piled up on metallic base material 2. Second metallic substance 3 in molten form is delivered onto piling layer 80 of the first substance. Thus, under the control of reaction initiation temperature, coating layer (or building up coating layer) 84 of intermetallic compound having a thickness of hundreds of microns (&mgr;m) to millimeters (mm) is formed on the base material 2 by the self-exothermic reaction between the first substance and the second substance. This method is also useful in the welding of a plurality of metallic base materials to each other with an intermetallic compound. The first substance can be constituted of, for example, Ni, Co or Fe. The second substance can be constituted of, for example, Al or Ti.

Abstract: A method for producing semiconductor or metal particles comprises the steps of: storing a semiconductor or metal melt in a crucible having a nozzle; supplying a gas comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe into the crucible such that the pressure of the supplied gas in a space over the melt in the crucible is higher than the pressure of a gaseous phase into which the melt is dropped; dropping the melt from the nozzle into the gaseous phase by the pressure of the gas to form liquid particles; and solidifying the liquid particles in the gaseous phase to obtain semiconductor or metal particles. The crucible comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of hexagonal BN, cubic BN, Si3N4, TiB2, ZrB2, zirconia and stabilized zirconia at least near the nozzle.

Abstract: A hydrogen containing material comprises a first compound including hydrogen containing material and fluoride, and a second compound including a metal which becomes highly reactive with hydrogen when the metal becomes a compound including fluorine, and a compound including fluorine. The first compound and the second compound are integrally formed into a one-piece layer on the surface of the hydrogen containing material. The metal which becomes highly reactive with hydrogen when the metal becomes a compound including fluorine is at least one metal selected from a rare earth metal, rare earth alloy, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Zr, Li, or alloys comprising these elements.

Abstract: A tin layer and a nickel layer are stacked sequentially on a given substrate to form a multilayered film composed of the tin layer and the nickel layer. Then, the multilayered film is heated to a given temperature to form a tin-nickel alloy film through the diffusion of the tin elements of the tin layer into the nickel layer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a nickel based powdered metallic material comprising in addition to nickel 0-4.5 wt % of copper, 0-5.0% by weight of iron, whereby the total amount of copper and iron is at least 2.5% by weight, 0.05-5.0% by weight of a carbide forming element 0.5-2.0% by weight of boron, 1.0-4.0% by weight of silicon, 0.5-4.0% by weight of phosphorus, 0.01-0.5% by weight of C and less than 2% by weight of inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A process and an alloy for galvanizing non-reactive steel and mixed or moderately reactive steel for providing a decorative spangle to the galvanized coating. The alloy contains 0.1 to less than 0.8 wt % tin, 0.05 to 0.2 wt % bismuth, 0.001 to 0.008 wt % aluminum, and optionally 0 to 0.1 wt % nickel, the balance zinc of commercial purity.

Abstract: A metal-based composite material is formed by impregnating a matrix metal of Al or Al alloy into ores of a porous preform of a hydrogenatable metal having a metal hydride in at least a part of its surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface for prolonged use as a liquid mirror. The method of the invention comprises the steps of (a) contacting the surface of liquid gallium or gallium alloy with an aqueous solution of a halogenic acid to cause dissolution of any gallium oxide present on the surface, thereby obtaining an oxide-free liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface covered with a layer of the acid solution; (b) adding to the acid solution an aqueous solution of a surfactant present in an amount to form a single bimolecular layer of surfactant at an interface between the liquid gallium or gallium alloy and water; and (c) allowing a uniform passivating oxide layer to gradually form on the oxide-free liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface, the passivating oxide layer having surface irregularities smaller than 40 nm.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preventing the ignition of molten magnesium by contacting the molten magnesium with a gaseous mixture comprising a fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of perfluoroketones, hydrofluoroketones, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A substrate is protected by first providing the substrate, and applying a ceramic coating overlying and bonded to the substrate. The ceramic coating is formed of an open-cell solid foam of ceramic cell walls having an interconnected intracellular volume therebetween which is filled at least in part with a metallic alloy. The ceramic coating has an exposed surface remote from the substrate. The exposed surface of the ceramic coating is heated to an exposure temperature such that at least some of the metallic alloy is lost from the intracellular volume.

Abstract: A “one-step” method of forming diffused noble metal-aluminide coatings with or without minor incorporations of Si, Cr, Mn, Hf, La, and Y, is disclosed. With the inventive method, two or more powdered metals or metal alloys are applied and diffused into the metal substrate together, using a sequential multi-stage heating process. This method contrasts with the prior art technology where metals were applied and diffused into the substrate separately.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface for prolonged use as a liquid mirror. The method of the invention comprises the steps of (a) contacting the surface of liquid gallium or gallium alloy with an aqueous solution of a halogenic acid to cause dissolution of any gallium oxide present on the surface, thereby obtaining an oxide-free liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface covered with a layer of the acid solution; (b) adding to the acid solution an aqueous solution of a surfactant present in an amount to form a single bimolecular layer of surfactant at an interface between the liquid gallium or gallium alloy and water; and (c) allowing a uniform passivating oxide layer to gradually form on the oxide-free liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface, the passivating oxide layer having surface irregularities smaller than 40 nm.

Abstract: A gold-free platinum material that is dispersion-strengthened by small, finely dispersed particles of base metal oxide. The base metal is either 0.01-0.5 wt. % Sc or a mixture/ alloy of Sc and at least one metal from the group consisting of Zr, Y, and Ce with a total base metal content of 0.05-0.5 wt. %.

Abstract: A method of aluminizing metals with a coating of aluminum or aluminides.

Abstract: The method for the production of a ceramic layer on a metallic base material combines the following measures: The base material is preheated. Ceramic coating material is applied to a locally melted surface region of the base material. The coating material is therein likewise melted. A metallurgical bonding zone is provided using an additive material which reacts with the coating material and which is additionally applied to the base material as an adhesion producing layer or is added to the base material as a component of the alloy.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an Sn-containing and/or Bi-containing zinc alloy for hot galvanizing steel, more particularly for component galvanizing. The alloy is composed of 1 to 5% by weight of Sn+Bi, 0 to saturation of Pb, 0.025 to 0.200% by weight of at least one of Ni, Cr or Mn, 0 to 0.030% by weight of at least one of Al, Ca and Mg, the remainder being zinc and unavoidable impurities.