Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for forming an article with a diffusion portion comprises: forming a slurry comprising chromium and silicon, applying the slurry to the article, and heating the article to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient period of time to diffuse chromium and silicon into the article and form a diffusion portion comprising silicon and a microstructure comprising ?-chromium. In one embodiment, a gas turbine component comprises: a superalloy and a diffusion portion having a depth of less than or equal to 60 ?m measured from the superalloy surface into the gas turbine component. The diffusion portion has a diffusion surface having a microstructure comprising greater than or equal to 40% by volume ?-chromium.

Abstract: An acidic, aqueous composition contains a trivalent chromium compound, an organo-functional silane, and a compound of a group IV-B element. The composition protects metal surfaces, preferably aluminum and aluminum alloys, against corrosion and improves their paint adhesion. The trivalent chromium compound may comprise chromium fluoride and optionally others, such as chromium nitrate. The organo-functional silane is preferably an aminopropyltriethoxy silane, and the compound of a group IV-B element is preferably fluorozirconic acid. The composition can either be dried-in-place or rinsed before a further coating layer is applied. The composition may also include at least one polymer having a plurality of both carboxylic functional groups, alone or with hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for forming an article with a diffusion portion comprises: forming a slurry comprising chromium and silicon, applying the slurry to the article, and heating the article to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient period of time to diffuse chromium and silicon into the article and form a diffusion portion comprising silicon and a microstructure comprising ?-chromium. In one embodiment, a gas turbine component comprises: a superalloy and a diffusion portion having a depth of less than or equal to 60 ?m measured from the superalloy surface into the gas turbine component. The diffusion portion has a diffusion surface having a microstructure comprising greater than or equal to 40% by volume ?-chromium.

Abstract: A processing solution for forming a hexavalent chromium free, corrosion resistant trivalent chromate conversion film on zinc or zinc alloy plating layers comprises: trivalent chromium and oxalic acid in a molar ratio ranging from 0.5/1 to 1.5/1, wherein the trivalent chromium is present in the form of water-soluble complex with oxalic acid; and cobalt ions, which do not form a hardly soluble metal salt with oxalic acid and are stably present in the processing solution without causing any precipitation; wherein the solution reacts with zinc when bringing it into contact with the zinc or zinc alloy plating to form a hexavalent chromium free, corrosion resistant, trivalent chromate conversion film containing zinc, chromium, cobalt, oxalic acid and silicon on the plating.

Abstract: This invention comprises an acidic aqueous solution for treating metal substrates to improve the adhesion bonding and corrosion protection of the metal surface which comprises effective amounts of water soluble trivalent chromium compounds, fluorozirconates, effective amounts of at least one corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole, fluorometallic compounds, zinc compounds, thickeners, surfactants, and at least about 0.001 mole per liter of the acidic solution of a polyhydroxy and/or carboxylic compound as a stabilizing agent for the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A low sludge trivalent chromium based conversion coating bath is provided which forms corrosion resistant coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys by immersion in aqueous solutions containing trivalent chromium ions and fluorometallate ions followed by optional rinsing. Trivalent chromium coated aluminum also serves as an effective base for paint primers.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for forming an article with a diffusion portion comprises: forming a slurry comprising chromium and silicon, applying the slurry to the article, and heating the article to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient period of time to diffuse chromium and silicon into the article and form a diffusion portion comprising silicon and a microstructure comprising ?-chromium. In one embodiment, a gas turbine component comprises: a superalloy and a diffusion portion having a depth of less than or equal to 60 ?m measured from the superalloy surface into the gas turbine component. The diffusion portion has a diffusion surface having a microstructure comprising greater than or equal to 40% by volume ?-chromium.

Abstract: A hexavalent chromium-free surface treating agent for Sn- or Al-based coated steel sheet, comprising a trivalent chromium compound (A), a water-dispersible silica (B), a lubricity imparting component (C) made of one or more waxes of polyolefin wax, fluorine-containing wax and paraffin wax, and water, a mass ratio on the solid content basis of the water-dispersible silica (B) to the lubricity imparting component (C), (B)/(C), being within a range from 5/95 to 95/5.

Abstract: An aqueous solution for depositing an inorganic corrosion resistant coating on a metal substrate is disclosed. The aqueous solution comprises a film-forming agent, a supplemental anion, and a substrate activator. The film-forming agent is a vanadate salt that forms the corrosion resistant coating. The supplemental anion accelerates the rate at which the corrosion resistant coating is formed. The substrate activator serves to remove any existing oxides from the metal substrate prior to the formation of the corrosion resistant coating. The present invention additionally covers objects so coated and methods of application.

Abstract: A chromium(VI)-free, chromium(III)-containing and substantially coherent conversion layer on zinc or zinc alloys presenting, even in the absence of further components such as silicate, cerium, aluminum and borate, a corrosion protection of approx. 100 to 1000 h in the salt spray test according to DIN 50021 SS or ASTM B 117-73 until first attack according to DIN 50961 Chapter 10; being clear, transparent and substantially colorless and presenting multi colored iridescence; having a layer thickness of approx. 100 nm to 1000 nm; and being hard, adhering well and being resistant to wiping.

Abstract: Corrosion resistant, hydrophilic coatings on the surface of aluminum and aluminum alloys may be formed using aqueous compositions containing fluorometallates such as H2TiF6 or H2ZrF6 and vanadium compounds such as decavanadates. To minimize the odor evolved from the conversion coatings it is preferred for a specified oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, or alkoxide to also be present in or added to the aqueous composition.

Abstract: A method for treating a micro-roughened metal surface to improve bonding between the metal surface and a polymer material. The method involves post-treating the micro-roughened conversion coated metal surface with an aqueous organo-silicon wetting composition after having formed the micro-roughened conversion coated metal surface with an adhesion promotion composition. Suitable organo-silicons include organosilanes, organosiloxanes, organosilizanes and the like. The method can be employed in the circuit board industry to improve bonding between layers in multilayer circuit boards.

Abstract: A processing solution for forming a hexavalent chromium free, corrosion resistant trivalent chromate conversion film on zinc or zinc alloy plating layers comprises a silicon compound; trivalent chromium and oxalic acid in a molar ratio ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, wherein the trivalent chromium is present in the form of a water-soluble complex with oxalic acid; and cobalt ions, which form a hardly soluble metal salt with oxalic acid and are stably present in the processing solution without causing any precipitation, wherein the solution reacts with zinc when bringing it into contact with the zinc or zinc alloy plating to form a hexavalent chromium free, corrosion resistant, trivalent chromate conversion film containing zinc, chromium, cobalt, oxalic acid and silicon on the plating. This solution can provide a corrosion resistant trivalent chromate conversion film excellent in the corrosion resistance after heating.

Abstract: A method of coating aluminum and aluminum alloy substrates not only imparts a corrosion resistance comparable or even superior to that afforded by chromate treatment but also improves the adhesion to the coating film, while the luster of aluminum is fully retained, notwithstanding the use of a chromium-free treating solution, resulting in an improved coated article with the coated surface having a metallic luster. The method comprises treating an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate with an acidic solution containing sulfuric acid and 0.2 to 0.4 g/L of a ferric ion and having a pH value of 0.6 to 2.0, subjecting the same to chemical conversion treatment with an acidic coat-forming agent containing 0.01 to 0.125 g/L of a zirconium or titanium ion, 0.01 to 1.0 g/L of a phosphate ion, and 0.01 to 0.5 g/L of a fluoride ion and having a pH value of 1.5 to 4.0, followed by coating.

Abstract: A surface-treated steel sheet includes a steel sheet, an Al—Zn-base alloy plating layer formed on the steel sheet, a chemical conversion film provided on the alloy plating layer, and a concentric layer of a Cr compound that is formed on the alloy plating layer of the chemical conversion film. The surface-treated steel sheet may include a steel sheet, an zinc-base plating layer formed on the steel sheet, and a film that contains chromium and calcium and that is formed on the zinc-base plating layer.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a processing method for preventing elution of lead in a lead-containing copper alloy to prevent lead from eluting from a faucet metal, etc. made of a lead-containing copper alloy, and a drinking water service fitting made of a lead-containing copper alloy in which elution of lead has been prevented. By forming a chromate film on the surface of a lead-containing copper alloy material, it is possible to reduce elution of the lead left in a limited amount on the surface. A drinking water service fitting made of a lead-containing copper alloy is immersed in an alkaline etching solution in a pre-processing step for a nickel chromium plating step to selectively remove lead on the surface of the lead-containing copper alloy material and is then activated in a solution such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a surface-treated steel sheet coated with a chromate layer having excellent corrosion resistance, fuel resistance and seam weldability, and a chromate solution used for preparing the surface-treated steel sheet. Specifically, the chromate solution of the present invention comprises (a) a main solution prepared by adding to a chrome solution having 0.4 to 0.8 of trivalent chrome composition and 7 to 50 g/l of dissolved chrome, on the basis of the chrome in the chrome solution, 50 to 80 w % of phosphate, 20 to 40 w % of fluoric acid, 300 to 2000 w % of colloidal silica, 5 to 15 w % of sulfuric acid, and 25 to 40 w % of sodium phosphate, and (b) a hardener solution containing added epoxy silane or glycidyl silane of 2 to 10 w % on the basis of total hardener solution, the pH of which is controlled between 2 and 3, wherein 10 to 60 w % of the hardener solution being added to the main solution.

Abstract: A method for forming a sol-gel on a metal surface to provide an interface for promoting adhesion between the metal surface and an organic resin involves application of at least one metal alkoxide compound having at least one labile sulfur atom, and at least one metal alkoxide compound having at least one reactive moiety which is capable of bonding with an organic resin. The metal alkoxide compound having at least one labile sulfur atom is capable of bonding to various metal surfaces, including surfaces of noble metals, such as gold, by a sulfur-metal linkage with the metal surface. The metal alkoxide compound having at least one labile sulfur atom reacts with the metal alkoxide compound having at least one reactive moiety which is capable of bonding with the organic resin to form a sol-gel which bonds to the surface of the metal, and which includes reactive moieties which are capable of bonding with an organic resin.

Abstract: Agent for sealing metallic substrates, in particular zinc or zinc alloy substrates, characterized in that it consists of an aqueous dispersion of a) at least one silane derivative and b) a colloidal silica and/or colloidal silicate. This agent may be used for a direct coating of metallic substrates without chromatation.

Abstract: A composition and method for coating and touching up a metal surface is provided. The composition contains from about 0.5 to about 240 millimoles per kilograms of a fluorometallate ion, from about 0.5 grams/liters to about 10 grams/liter of phosphorous-containing inorganic oxy anions calculated at their stoichiometric equivalent as H3PO4; from about 0.05 g/l to about 3.5 g/l of hexavalent chromium and from about 0.10 g/l to about 2.20 g/l of trivalent chromium ions.

Abstract: A chromium(VI)-free, chromium(III)-containing and substantially coherent conversion layer on zinc or zinc alloys presenting, even in the absence of further components such as silicate, cerium, aluminum and borate, a corrosion protection of approx. 100 to 1000 h in the salt spray test according to DIN 50021 SS or ASTM B 117-73 until first attack according to DIN 50961 Chapter 10; being clear, transparent and substantially colorless and presenting multi-colored iridescence; having a layer thickness of approx. 100 nm to 1000 nm; and being hard, adhering well and being resistant to wiping.

Abstract: A production method for a lead-containing hot-galvanized chromated steel sheet with excellent resistance to blackening and white rust formation comprises: (a) plating a steel sheet in a hot-galvanizing bath containing 0.05-0.3 wt. % lead and 0.1-0.3 wt. % aluminum; (b) coating this with a chromating solution containing chromium (VI) ions, chromium (III) ions and nitrate ions in which the Cr(III)/Cr(VI) molar ratio is 1/9-1/1 and the nitrate ion to total chromium ion molar ratio is 0.1-1.6; and (c) without washing with water, drying the sheet at 40-250 deg. C., to form a 5-50 mg/m integral 2 (in terms of chromium) chromate film.

Abstract: This invention provides a composite foil comprising an aluminum carrier layer and an ultra-thin copper foil having a protective layer disposed between them comprising a porous copper layer and an interpenetrating zinc layer. A process for producing such composite foils comprises the steps of preparing the surface of the aluminum carrier, electrodepositing a porous copper layer on the aluminum carrier layer followed by electrodepositing a zinc layer, and then electrodepositing two layers of copper to form the ultra-thin copper foil. The composite foil provides a uniform bond strength between the aluminum carrier and the protective layer which is adequate to prevent separation of the carrier and ultra-thin copper foil during handling and lamination, but which is significantly lower than the peel strength of a copper/substrate bond, so that the carrier can easily be removed after lamination of the composite foil to an insulating substrate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for applying phosphate coatings to surfaces of zinc, iron, aluminum, and the alloys thereof by wetting with a phosphatizing solution containing divalent cations and phosphate to form a liquid film, and subsequently drying on the liquid film wherein the metal surfaces are wetted with a phosphatizing solution, which is free from elements of sub-groups 5 and 6 of the Periodic Table, said phosphatizing solution containing:0.5 to 8 g/l nickel;2 to 20 g/l manganese;18 to 170 g/l of phosphate (calculated as P.sub.2 O.sub.5);and has an acid number of 0.4 to 0.8, such that after drying on, a phosphate layer having a weight per unit area of 0.3 to 3.0 g/m.sup.2, is obtained, where in the case of phosphatizing surfaces of iron, aluminum or the alloys thereof, the phosphatizing solution necessarily contains 0.5 to 5 g/l of zinc, and in the case of phosphatizing surfaces of zinc or zinc alloys the phosphatizing solution either contains zinc or is free from zinc.

Abstract: Process for finishing zinc, zinc alloy or cadmium surfaces which consists in bringing the components to be treated into contact first with an acidic chromate-plating bath based on chromium, cobalt and silver salts and then with a top coat bath comprising a colloidal silica, a corrosion inhibitor, a complexing agent, a surfactant and a black dye.

Abstract: A concentrated aqueous solution containing:(A) a component of dissolved phosphate ions;(B) a component of dissolved hexavalent chromium;(C) a component of dissolved anions selected from the group consisting of BF.sub.4.sup.-, AlF.sub.6.sup.-3, SiF.sub.6.sup.-2, TiF.sub.6.sup.-2, FeF.sub.6.sup.-3, SnF.sub.6.sup.-2, ZrF.sub.6.sup.-2, and HfF.sub.6.sup.

Abstract: A black chromate-treatment solution for Zn-Ni alloy plated film comprises 1 to 100 g/l of hexavalent chromium, 1 to 100 g/l of hydrochloric acid residues and/or sulfuric acid residues, 1 to 100 g/l of nitric acid residues and 1 to 100 g/l of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt and copper. The chromate-treatment solution permits the formation of a uniform black chromate conversion film on a Zn-Ni alloy plated film having an Ni content ranging from 8 to 20% by weight without using any silver ions in a substantial amount and the resulting black film is excellent in corrosion resistance.

Abstract: The protection against black and white rust on zinciferous surfaces by a conventional chromating treatment is improved by drying into place on the zinciferous surface before chromating a pre-treatment composition that contains hexavalent chromium ion plus one or more salts of nickel and cobalt, in an amount to produce an add-on of 0.5 to 100 mg/m.sup.2 of metal.

Abstract: This invention relates to conversion coating of metal substrates which may comprise mixed metals such as steel, zinc or zinc based alloys or zinc aluminium alloy coated steel, aluminium or aluminium surfaces to provide a corrosion resistant surface which is subsequently coated with a paint coating.The process of the invention comprises contacting the metal surface with an aqueous composition comprising silica, phosphoric acid and a divalent metal ion, the composition being substantially free of chromium and of any oxy metal anions which the metal has a valency of at least 5. The metal surface is subsequently cured by drying, or preferably by heating immediately after contact with the composition with no intermediate rinsing stage. A paint coating is then applied.The process provides a painted surface, the coating providing an effective anti-corrosion coating and paint having good adhesion.

Abstract: The paint adhesion and corrosion resistance of surfaces of aluminum and its alloys, particularly when using a paint based on poly{vinyl chloride}, is improved by using a conversion coating solution having a pH in the range from 1.0 to 3.0 and consisting essentially of water and:(A) an amount of phosphate ions that is stoichiometrically equivalent to at least 5.0 g/L of phosphoric acid;(B) at least 1.0 g/L of hexavalent chromium;(C) at least 0.1 g/L of fluoride ions; and(D) a complex fluoride ion component selected from the group consisting of:(i) at least 4.0 g/L of fluosilicate ions,(ii) at least 0.5 g/L of fluoborate ions,(iii) at least 2.0 g/L of fluozirconate ions, and(iv) at least 2.0 g/L of fluotitanate ions.

Abstract: A chromium free conversion coating at least equivalent in corrosion protective quality to conventional chromate conversion coatings can be formed on metals, particularly galvanized steel, by a dry-in-place aqueous acidic liquid comprising:(A) a component of anions, each of said anions consisting of (i) at least four fluorine atoms and (ii) at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, and boron and, optionally, (iii) one or more oxygen atoms;(B) a component of cations of elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, zirconium, iron, aluminum and copper; the ratio of the total number of cations of this component to the total number of anions of component (A) being at least 2:5; and(C) sufficient free acid to give the composition, after dilution with from 1 to 19 times its own weight of water, a pH in the range from 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition and process for the surface treatment of metallic surfaces, which comprises treating said surface in an aqueous solution comprising a benzimidazole compound having either a halogenated phenyl group, a halogenated benzyl group or a halogenated ethyl phenyl group in the 2-position.

Abstract: A chromium free conversion coating at least equivalent in corrosion protective quality to conventional chromate conversion coatings can be formed on metals, particularly galvanized steel, by a dry-in-place aqueous acidic liquid comprising:(A) a component of anions, each of said anions consisting of (i) at least four fluorine atoms and (ii) at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, and boron and, optionally, (iii) one or more oxygen atoms;(B) a component of cations of elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, zirconium, iron, aluminum and copper; the ratio of the total number of cations of this component to the total number of anions of component (A) being at least 2:5; and(C) sufficient free acid to give the composition, after dilution with from 1 to 19 times its own weight of water, a pH in the range from 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: Improved chromate conversion coating composition for forming non-cracking conversion coatings on aluminum or its alloys. Improvement is obtained by control of the total acid (TA) and free acid (FA) levels to a minimum of 6.0 and 3.5 respectively with a TA:FA ratio in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 by inclusion of aluminum nitrate in the composition.

Abstract: The coated article includes a refractory metal substrate having an oxidation resistant intermetallic layer formed in situ thereon; e.g., a fused refractory metal silicide layer, and a ceramic layer applied on and adhering to the intermetallic layer to provide enhanced high temperature properties and improved resistance to premature catastrophic failure in high temperature oxidizing environments where dissimilar materials are present that may destructively react with the intermetallic layer.

Abstract: Metallic articles, and method for making same, having a thin, adherent, chemically formed coating on their surface which preserves the uncoated article appearance and provides a unique combination of functional properties including resistance to chipping and flaking during elevated temperature use, resistance to corrosion from chemicals in the form of gases or aqueous acidic or alkaline solutions including salt spray, organic solvents, oils and vehicle fuels and suitability as a base for paint for parts within the engine compartment of vehicles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the surface treatment of copper or a copper alloy, which comprises immersing the surface of copper or a copper alloy in an aqueous solution containing a benzimidazole compound having an alkyl group of at least 3 carbon atoms at the 2-position and an organic acid.

Abstract: An improved method of coating 7000 series aluminum alloys, which are difflt to coat uniformly, with a coating resistant to long term corrosion in a salt spray environment is disclosed. By using a chromate solution of very low pH and applying that solution first as a cleaner, followed by brush application to form the final coating, an extended resistance to corrosion at least 2 to 3 times the usual duration is achieved readily.

Abstract: A method of producing highly corrosion-resistant surface-treated steel plates where Cr elusion is small in spite of drying at low temperatures and corrosion resistance is excellent. In a process for producing surface treated steels where Zn type plated steels are treated through (i) chromate treatment, (ii) coating a resin composition and (iii) baking treatment, zirconium fluoride ion and Zn ion of appropriate amounts are added into the chromate bath, and Cr.sup.6+ /Cr.sup.3+ ratio in the bath is controlled to be low. Further the resin composition to be coated after the chromate treatment is rendered a solvent type resin composition obtained by adding silica and/or sparingly water soluble Cr compound to basic epoxy resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anticorrosion coating composition for a metal substrate, comprising at least:(a) a particulate metal,(b) chromic acid and/or one of its derivatives,(c) boric acid and/or one of its derivatives,(d) a pH regulator such as zinc oxide (ZnO) or cobalt carbonate (CoCO.sub.3),(e) a high-boiling solvent of the polyol or glycol ether type,(f) an organic cosolvent with a specified solubility parameter,(g) a defoaming solvent of the mineral spirit or naphtha type,(h) a system of nonionic surfactants comprising at least one water-soluble surfactant and a surfactant which is soluble in mineral spirit, and(i) water.It also relates to metal substrates covered with the anticorrosion coating resulting from heating after the application of the composition to the substrate.

Abstract: A composition and method for coating and touching up a metal surface is provided. The composition contains from about 0.5 to about 240 millimoles per kilogram of a fluorometallate ion, from about 0.5 grams/liters to about 10 grams/liter of phosphorous-containing inorganic oxy anions calculated at their stoichiometric equivalent as H3PO4; from about 0.05 g/l to about 3.5 g/l of hexavalent chromium and from about 0.10 g/l to about 2.20 g/l of trivalent chromium ions and a surfactant.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anticorrosion coating composition for a metal substrate, comprising at least:(a) a particulate metal,(b) chromic acid and/or one of its derivatives,(d) a pH regulator such as zinc oxide (ZnO) or cobalt carbonate (CoCO.sub.3),(e) a high-boiling solvent of the polyol or glycol ether type,(f) an organic cosolvent with a specified solubility parameter,(g) a defoaming solvent of the mineral spirit or naphtha type,(h) a system of nonionic surfactants comprising at least one water-soluble surfactant and a surfactant which is soluble in mineral spirit, and(i) water.It also relates to metal substrates covered with the anticorrosion coating resulting from heating after the application of the composition to the substrate.