Abstract: Apparatus and systems may operate to provide a first reactant as a gas that flows under reduced atmospheric pressure to interact with a surface, such as a tool body surface, the interaction confined to a passage within the tool body, wherein the passage includes the surface and extends without interruption from an entrance end of the passage to an exit end of the passage. Additional activity may include providing a second reactant as a gas under the reduced atmospheric pressure, subsequent to the first reactant, to interact with the surface of the tool body; and repeated provision of the first and second reactants until a selected coating thickness on the surface is formed. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a gas turbine engine component from a molybdenum-rich alloy. The method includes the steps of providing a molybdenum powder of at least 50% molybdenum by weight, extruding the molybdenum powder to provide a first shape, forming the first shape to a second shape and forging the second shape to provide a third shape.

Abstract: A method for forming an oxide layer having improved thickness uniformity on a substrate is disclosed. The method includes heating a substrate disposed in a processing chamber to a temperature less than about 700 degrees Celsius, flowing a first gas mixture into the processing chamber from a first gas inlet, and flowing a second gas mixture into the processing chamber from a second gas inlet. The composition and flow rate of the second gas mixture, and the composition and flow rate of the first gas mixture are controlled so the oxide layer formed on the substrate has improved thickness uniformity.

Abstract: A method of producing an enamel coating for a cylinder bore in a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine is provided. The method also provides for coating a cast iron gray cylinder block with an enamel coating.

Abstract: A bearing having improved wear resistance has a bearing material of a copper-tin-bismuth alloy which may also include phosphorus which has excellent strength, due to the solid solution of copper, tin and phosphorus (when used), attached to a steel backing shell. The material also has good lubricity as a result of the presence of the bismuth which also promotes tin mobilization and formation of a layer of tin on the bearing surface upon use of the bearing. The addition of small amounts of relatively small hard particles in the copper-tin-matrix, particularly Fe3P, MoSi2 or a mixture thereof, provides a suitable hard surface artifact to improve the wear resistance of the bearing material. The bearing includes a sintered powder compact bearing material of a copper-tin-bismuth alloy powder and a metal compound powder which is bonded to a steel backing shell, wherein the metal compound powder has an average particle size of less than 10 ?m.

Abstract: A method and a product made through it by utilizing Zirconium alloys containing Titanium in the manufacture of metal articles of sports, night stealth compatible articles for law enforcement and military equipment, night-stealth personal and body adornments for members of such forces, garden and household implements, fashion accessories, body art articles, and medical and dental implants, and other articles. The articles benefit from any combination of properties from being hypo-allergenic, possessing high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and hardness, having low ductility and elasticity and of having the outer appearance within the scale of dark grey to blackness. In this method an alloy of components in their respective ratios from within the method's stipulated preferred range is shaped into a work piece by conventional metal forming devices and methods, and then subjected to an oxidation process and optional quenching steps.

Abstract: Method, and articles therefrom, for providing a hard, abrasion-resistant, attractive, oxide surface layer of selectable thickness and having an outer appearance within the scale from gray to black, to a zirconium titanium alloy article by heating the article in an oxygen containing atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a surface of a cast zirconium alloy substrate for oxidation, the method including hot isostatic pressing a cast substrate of near shape dimensions, heating the cast substrate, machining the cast substrate to desired shape dimensions, and treating the surface of the cast substrate to accept an oxide layer. in some examples, treating the surface of the cast substrate may include polishing the surface, peening the polished surface, and finishing the peened surface. Additional or alternative examples may include heat treating a cast substrate of near shape dimensions to define a homogenized grain structure within the cast substrate, machining the heat treated cast substrate to desired shape dimensions, and surface treating the machined cast substrate to modify its structure to define a recrystallized modified grain structure defining a reduced grain boundary size.

Abstract: A method for preparing ultrafine powder of tungsten carbide using ultrafine tungsten powder and carbon black as raw materials is provided. The following steps are included: (1) passivation of the ultrafine tungsten powder: passivating the ultrafine tungsten powder under pure carbon dioxide; (2) carbon addition: mixing the ultrafine tungsten powder with carbon black powder after applying cooling water and inert gases; (3) carbonization: synthesizing the bulk tungsten carbide powder at high temperature in a carbonizing stove; (4) crushing and sieving: crushing the bulk tungsten carbide powder, cooling and sieving to obtain the ultrafine powder of tungsten carbide.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing a zinc-coated nonferrous metal component for the production of a corrosion-protected vehicle body in a mixed construction includes providing an untreated nonferrous metal component and applying a coating by zinc diffusion onto the nonferrous metal component. A zinc dust mixture is diffused at a temperature of from 300 to 600° C. so as to form a zinc diffusion layer.

Abstract: The invention provides tantalum alloys, methods for forming tantalum alloys having a luminous, black, ceramic surface, and articles, such as, but not limited to, jewelry and watches, formed from the tantalum alloys.

Abstract: A method for gas atomization of a titanium alloy, nickel alloy, or other alumina (Al2O3)-forming alloy wherein the atomized particles are exposed as they solidify and cool in a very short time to multiple gaseous reactive agents for the in-situ formation of a passivation reaction film on the atomized particles wherein the reaction film retains a precursor halogen alloying element that is subsequently introduced into a microstructure formed by subsequent thermally processing of the atomized particles to improve oxidation resistance.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing a titanium aluminide intermetallic alloy composition having an improved wear resistance, the method comprising heating a titanium aluminide intermetallic alloy material in an oxygen-containing environment at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce a top oxide layer and underlying oxygen-diffused layer, followed by removal of the top oxide layer such that the oxygen-diffused layer is exposed. The invention is also directed to the resulting oxygen-diffused titanium aluminide intermetallic alloy, as well as mechanical components or devices containing the improved alloy composition.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatus for forming a coating layer at least partially on surface of a BMG article formed of bulk solidifying amorphous alloys. In embodiments, the coating layer may be formed in situ during formation of a BMG article and/or post formation of a BMG article. The coating layer may provide the BMG article with surface hardness, wear resistance, surface activity, corrosion resistance, etc.

Abstract: A method for passivating tantalum metal surface is provided, the method comprises cooling tantalum metal to or below 32° C. and/or passivating tantalum metal surface by oxygen-containing gas with a temperature of 0° C. or below. Also provided is an apparatus for passivating tantalum metal surface for applying the method, comprising a heat treatment furnace, an argon forced-cooling device and/or a device for cooling oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: Methods of making surface hardened medical implants comprising providing a biocompatible alloy with a surface comprising an oxide or nitride layer, diffusing at least a portion of the respective oxygen or nitrogen from the oxide or nitride layer the substrate for a period of time to form a diffusion hardened zone of desired thickness. The period of time is based at least on (1) the diffusivity of a diffusing specie in the oxide or nitride layer, (2) a desired hardness profile of at least a portion of said implant defined by a function selected from the group consisting of: an error function, an exponential function, a near uniform distribution function, and any sequential combination thereof, or (3) a desired thickness of said oxide or nitride layer to be retained.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electric contact material in which a surface layer portion of an alloy containing 1 to 15 mass % of Cu, 0.01 to 0.7 mass % of Ni, and the remainder of Ag and unavoidable impurities is supplied with an amount of oxygen exceeding the amount of oxygen required for internal oxidation of Cu to form an oxygen concentrated layer.

Abstract: Described is a new a solution comprising a phosphorous compound and optionally a solderability-enhancing compound and its use in a process for increasing the solderability and corrosion resistance of a metal or metal alloy surface.

Abstract: Shape Memory Alloy tube is protected from damage during drawing, caused by galling-type interaction between the tube and high-carbon dies, by forming an oxide surface layer. This invention protects the tube internal diameter from oxidation while allowing the tube outside diameter to be oxidized, by using an oxygen getter located within the tube during the oxidation step. The method yields a higher quality internal diameter and improves productivity.

Abstract: This invention introduces a method for treating a surface of an electrically conductive object with a refractory metal. In one embodiment, the refractory metal is tantalum and the object is a titanium substrate. A surface layer of mixed tantalum and titanium oxides is created by first heating the object and tantalum chloride in a reaction chamber and subsequently heat treating the object in an oxygen containing environment. The electrically conductive object can in a non-limiting way be DSA solutions (Dimensionally Stable Anodes), fuel cells or connector plates.

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of manufacturing implant devices. In methods described herein, implant devices are exposed to a reactive gas that includes a reactive species, and optionally, an inert gas, at elevated temperatures, for a duration sufficient to generate a high density of nanoscale structures on the exposed surface of the device. Also provided are implant devices formed by methods described herein.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermally treating a plurality of curved suture needles. The apparatus includes a conveyer for transferring the plurality of curved suture needles from a source of curved suture needles to a receiver, a housing positioned adjacent the conveyer, the housing having a first end, a second end, and an opening running from the first end to the second end, the opening aligned with the conveyer to enable the plurality of curved suture needles to pass therethrough, and a heat source located within the housing for heating the plurality of curved suture needles as the plurality of curved suture needles are transferred by the conveyer from the first end of the housing to the second end of the housing. Also provided is a process for thermally treating a plurality of curved suture needles to enhance the stiffness and yield moment of the curved suture needles. The curved suture needles so treated have a desirable combination of stiffness, strength and ductility.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for protecting metal surfaces in oil & gas exploration and production, refinery and petrochemical process applications subject to solid particulate erosion at temperatures of up to 1000° C. The method includes the step of providing the metal surfaces in such applications with a hot erosion resistant cermet lining or insert, wherein the cermet lining or insert includes a) about 30 to about 95 vol % of a ceramic phase, and b) a metal binder phase, wherein the cermet lining or insert has a HEAT erosion resistance index of at least 5.0 and a K1C fracture toughness of at least 7.0 MPa-m1/2. The metal surfaces may also be provided with a hot erosion resistant cermet coating having a HEAT erosion resistance index of at least 5.0.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a device and method used to produce a tubular structure made of a refractory metal compound. In particular, the disclosure provides a device and method used to produce a tubular structure made of a refractory metal compound by reacting a green tubular structure made of a refractory metal with at least one reactive gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for protecting metal surfaces in oil & gas exploration and production, refinery and petrochemical process applications subject to solid particulate erosion at temperatures of up to 1000° C. The method includes the step of providing the metal surfaces in such applications with a hot erosion resistant cermet lining or insert, wherein the cermet lining or insert includes a) about 30 to about 95 vol % of a ceramic phase, and b) a metal binder phase, wherein the cermet lining or insert has a HEAT erosion resistance index of at least 5.0 and a K1C fracture toughness of at least 7.0 MPa-m1/2. The metal surfaces may also be provided with a hot erosion resistant cermet coating having a HEAT erosion resistance index of at least 5.0.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for protecting metal surfaces in oil & gas exploration and production, refinery and petrochemical process applications subject to solid particulate erosion at temperatures of up to 1000° C. The method includes the step of providing the metal surfaces in such applications with a hot erosion resistant cermet lining or insert, wherein the cermet lining or insert includes a) about 30 to about 95 vol % of a ceramic phase, and b) a metal binder phase, wherein the cermet lining or insert has a HEAT erosion resistance index of at least 5.0 and a K1C fracture toughness of at least 7.0 MPa-m1/2. The metal surfaces may also be provided with a hot erosion resistant cermet coating having a HEAT erosion resistance index of at least 5.0.

Abstract: A method of providing sulfidation corrosion resistance and corrosion induced fouling resistance to a heat transfer component surface includes providing a silicon containing steel composition including an alloy and a Si-partitioned non-metallic film formed on a surface of the alloy. The alloy is formed from the composition ?, ?, and t, in which ? is a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Co, and mixtures thereof, ? is Si, and t is at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Al, Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Sc, La, Y, Ce, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, B, C, N, P, O, S and mixtures thereof. The Si-partitioned non-metallic film comprises at least one of sulfide, oxysulfide and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a surface of a titanium-based metal implant intended to be inserted into bone tissue, comprising: (a) projecting particles of aluminum oxide under pressure on the external area of the implant; (b) chemically treating the sandblasted external area of the implant with an acid composition comprising sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid; and (c) thermally treating the sandblasted external area of the implant by heating at a temperature of 200-450° C. for 15-120 min. The invention likewise defines a metal implant having said surface. The surface thus obtained has good micrometer-scale roughness with a suitable morphology, as well as a composition which is virtually free of impurities and a thickness which is approximately three times the thickness of conventional surfaces, which characteristics provide it with very good osseointegration properties.

Abstract: A process for providing a niobium wire and its use for connection to niobium or niobium oxide capacitors. The wire is enriched with oxygen and preferably has oxygen concentrations of about 3,000 to 30,000 ?g/g.

Abstract: Method, and articles therefrom, for providing a hard, abrasion-resistant, attractive, oxide surface layer of selectable thickness and having an outer appearance within the scale from gray to blackness, to a zirconium titanium alloy article by heating the article in an oxygen containing atmosphere.

Abstract: Method, and articles therefrom, for providing a hard, abrasion-resistant, attractive, oxide surface layer of selectable thickness and having an outer appearance within the scale from gray to black, to a zirconium titanium alloy article by heating the article in an oxygen containing atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermally treating and coloring a plurality of curved suture needles. The apparatus includes a conveyer for transferring the plurality of curved suture needles from a source of curved suture needles to a receiver, a housing positioned adjacent the conveyer, the housing having a first end, a second end, and an opening running from the first end to the second end, the opening aligned with the conveyer to enable the plurality of curved suture needles to pass therethrough, a heat source located within the housing for heating the plurality of curved suture needles as the plurality of curved suture needles are transferred by the conveyer from the first end of the housing to the second end of the housing and a system for providing a gas mixture containing a fractional concentration of oxygen to oxidize and colorize the surfaces of the plurality of curved suture needles as the plurality of suture needles pass through the housing.

Abstract: An example method for manufacturing a magneto-resistance effect element having a magnetic layer, a free magnetization layer, and a spacer layer includes forming a first metallic layer and forming, on the first metallic layer, a second metallic layer. A first conversion treatment is performed to convert the second metallic layer into a first insulating layer and to form a first metallic portion penetrating through the first insulating layer. A third metallic layer is formed on the first insulating layer and the first metallic portion. A second conversion treatment is performed to convert the third metallic layer into a second insulating layer and to form a second metallic portion penetrating through the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of creating a plasma-resistant thermal oxide coating on a surface of an article, where the article is comprised of a metal or metal alloy which is typically selected from the group consisting of yttrium, neodymium, samarium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, ytterbium, scandium, hafnium, niobium or combinations thereof. The oxide coating is formed using a time-temperature profile which includes an initial rapid heating rage, followed by a gradual decrease in heating rate, to produce an oxide coating structure which is columnar in nature. The grain size of the crystals which make up the oxide coating is larger at the surface of the oxide coating than at the interface between the oxide coating and the metal or metal alloy substrate, and the oxide coating is in compression at the interface between the oxide coating and the metal or metal alloy substrate.

Abstract: In this method, the inner surface of a metal pipe containing, by mass percent, 20 to 55% of Cr and 20 to 70% of Ni is subjected to mechanical treatment, the metal pipe is subjected to heat treatment such as to be held in a temperature range of 1050 to 1270° C. for 0.5 to 60 minutes, and thereby an oxide scale layer consisting mainly of Cr is formed on at least the inner surface of the metal pipe. A metal pipe excellent in carburization resistance and coking resistance in a carburizing gas environment can be obtained by the method.

Abstract: A cathodic member for electrochemical cells used in hypochlorite production comprises a zirconium plate coated with a zirconium oxide layer, which is particularly suitable for minimising the decomposition of the hypochlorite product while ensuring a prolonged lifetime. The coated zirconium plate can be used as the cathodic plate in a monopolar cell, or can be welded to a titanium plate for use in a bipolar configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermally treating and coloring a plurality of curved suture needles. The apparatus includes a conveyer for transferring the plurality of curved suture needles from a source of curved suture needles to a receiver, a housing positioned adjacent the conveyer, the housing having a first end, a second end, and an opening running from the first end to the second end, the opening aligned with the conveyer to enable the plurality of curved suture needles to pass therethrough, a heat source located within the housing for heating the plurality of curved suture needles as the plurality of curved suture needles are transferred by the conveyer from the first end of the housing to the second end of the housing and a system for providing a gas mixture containing a fractional concentration of oxygen to oxidize and colorize the surfaces of the plurality of curved suture needles as the plurality of suture needles pass through the housing.

Abstract: A method of processing a metallic material includes immersing ferritic stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel in an acid solution containing hydrochloric acid in an amount of two times or more relative to the concentration of nitric acid or an acid solution containing hydrofluoric acid in an amount of one and a half times or more relative to the concentration of nitric acid to adjust surface roughness of the metallic material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for protecting metal surfaces in oil & gas exploration and production, refinery and petrochemical process applications subject to solid particulate erosion at temperatures of up to 1000° C. The method includes the step of providing the metal surfaces in such applications with a hot erosion resistant cermet lining or insert, wherein the cermet lining or insert includes a) about 30 to about 95 vol % of a ceramic phase, and b) a metal binder phase, wherein the cermet lining or insert has a HEAT erosion resistance index of at least 5.0 and a K1C fracture toughness of at least 7.0 MPa-m1/2. The metal surfaces may also be provided with a hot erosion resistant cermet coating having a HEAT erosion resistance index of at least 5.0.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing a titanium aluminide intermetallic alloy composition having an improved wear resistance, the method comprising heating a titanium aluminide intermetallic alloy material in an oxygen-containing environment at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce a top oxide layer and underlying oxygen-diffused layer, followed by removal of the top oxide layer such that the oxygen-diffused layer is exposed. The invention is also directed to the resulting oxygen-diffused titanium aluminide intermetallic alloy, as well as mechanical components or devices containing the improved alloy composition.

Abstract: A method to passivate a metal or metal oxide or metal suboxide powder, especially a valve metal powder such as tantalum or niobium and the passivated powders formed therefrom are described. The method includes passivating a starting powder with a gas having at least 25 wt. % oxygen present. Passivation is preferably achieved without performing any evacuation steps. Capacitors made from the passivated powders are also described.

Abstract: To provide a valve spring retainer made of titanium, capable of reduction in raw material cost and processing cost, a valve spring retainer is formed out of a titanium alloy raw material composed of 0.8 wt %?Fe?1.2 wt %, 0.24 wt %?O?0.32 wt %, 0.02 wt %?N?0.05 wt %, and balance Ti containing unavoidable impurities through cold forging.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photocatalyst material, which can comprise a photocatalyst with an excellent adherence to a substrate and a high photocatalytic activity, and a production method thereof. The photocatalyst material (20) obtained by reacting crystal nuclei with a sol solution containing an organic metallic compound or the like and then carrying out gelation, solidification and heat treatment has a structure where more than one basic structures (10) are fixed to the surface of the substrate (1). The basic structure consists of abase portion (2) comprising crystal nuclei fixed to the surface of the substrate (1) and a photocatalyst crystalline body (3), which connects to and is extended from the base portion (2) and has a columnar structure having a hollow portion (5) formed therein. A cylindrical substrate may be used for the substrate (1). The above photocatalytic activity is further enhanced by the formation of an interior-exposing structure (8) in a shell portion (4).

Abstract: A highly heat resistant wire based on niobium or tantalum or niobium tantalum alloy for single-side socket lamps is enriched, according to the invention, with phosphorus and converted into an annealed state. The wire exhibits a yield strength Rp 0.2 of at least 200 MPa or a tensile strength Rm of at least 300 MPa. For the production of a frame for single-side socket lamps, a metal based on niobium or tantalum or an alloy thereof is doped with phosphorus and the doped metal is cold shaped into a wire, this wire is annealed and formed into a frame. This frame is used for the simultaneous current supply and holding of a burner in a single-side socket lamp.

Abstract: A method and device of nanostructured titania that is crack free. A method in accordance with the present invention comprises depositing a Ti film on a surface, depositing a masking layer on the Ti film, etching said masking layer to expose a limited region of the Ti film, the limited region being of an area less than a threshold area, oxidizing the exposed limited region of the Th.ucsbi film, and annealing the exposed limited region of the Ti film.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing a mold tool (1), devised for forming a structured nanoscale pattern on an object (24) and having a layer (16) which is anti-adhesive with regard to the object (24). A stamp blank (2) is provided with a structured pattern (4) on a surface (8). The patterned surface (8) is coated with a layer (6) of a metal, which has a stable oxidation number and can form a mechanically stable oxide film. The metal layer (6) is oxidized for forming of an oxide film (10). The oxide film (10) is exposed to a reagent comprising molecule chains (18), each of which has a linkage group (20) which bonds to the oxide film (10) by chemical bonding, wherein the molecule chains (18) either at the outset comprise at least a group (22) comprising fluorine, or in a subsequent step is provided with at least one such group (22).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a Ni-based alloy article which elutes little Ni even when used in a high-temperature water environment for a long period comprises heating the Ni-based alloy in a carbon dioxide-containing atmosphere for a set period of time at an elevated temperature to form an oxide film comprising chromium oxide on a surface thereof. Using carbon dioxide as an oxidizing gas produces an oxide film of generally uniform thickness along a length of the article being treated so that resistance to nickel elution is more uniform over the entire article.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electric contact material is provided which can prevent it from being adhesively melted even when being exposed to high temperatures resulting from an arc induced by an electric current being turned on or off. Also an electric contact material which is manufactured by the method and a thermal fuse are provided. A surface layer portion of an alloy containing 1 to 15 mass % of Cu, 0.01 to 0.7 mass % of Ni, and the remainder of Ag and unavoidable impurities is supplied with an amount of oxygen exceeding the amount of oxygen required for internal oxidation of Cu to form an oxygen concentrated layer. This alloy can serve as an electric contact material. This electric contact material is formed into a movable electrode, which is in turn employed for a thermal fuse.

Abstract: In a process of fabricating a stent composed primarily of niobium alloyed with a trace amount of zirconium, tantalum, or titanium for hardening, the stent is annealed under vacuum in a substantially oxygen-free environment. The vacuum is preferably maintained at pressure less than 10?4 millibars, oxygen-content less than about 80 parts per million, and the annealing temperature exceeds 400° C. for at least one hour, and is preferably kept in a range from about 1100-1200° C. for several hours. This may be followed by applying a surface layer of oxide, such as iridium oxide, with a thickness of 299-300 nm to the stent.

Abstract: Alloys of silver and an alloying element that diffuses to the surface of the high conductivity metal and is oxidizable to form an alloying element oxide such as beryllium are provided along with electronic structures employing the alloys and methods of fabrication.