Abstract: Corrosion resistant ferromagnetic metal powders in which a volatile corrosion inhibitor is adsorbed on at least a part of the surface of ferromagnetic metal powders having an average particle size of 1000 A or less are disclosed. A method of preparing the corrosion resistant ferromagnetic metal powders is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of heat treating and coating a nickel base alloy containing chromium, titanium, aluminum, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, boron and carbon. The alloy is heated at a temperature of at least 2050.degree. F. to put most of the coarse gamma prime particles into solution; coated; treated at a temperature of at least 1600.degree. F. to lessen the sharp differential in chemistry between it and the coating at the interface thereof; treated within the temperature range of between 1500.degree. and 1800.degree. F. to precipitate fine gamma prime particles, to coarsen existing gamma prime particles and to precipitate discrete carbide particles; and treated at a temperature within the range of between 1300.degree. and 1500.degree. F. to precipitate additional fine gamma prime particles, and discrete carbide particles at grain boundaries.

Abstract: A method of heat treating and coating a nickel base alloy containing chromium, titanium, aluminum, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, boron and carbon. The alloy is heated at a temperature of at least 2050.degree. F. to put most of the coarse gamma prime particles into solution; treated within the temperature range of between 1800.degree. and 2000.degree. F. to initiate the formation of and form randomly dispersed gamma prime particles; treated within the temperature range of between 1500.degree. and 1800.degree. F. to precipitate fine gamma prime particles, to coarsen existing gamma prime particles and to precipitate discrete carbide particles; coated; treated at a temperature of at least 1600.degree. F. to lessen the sharp differential in chemistry between it and the coating at the interface thereof; and treated at a temperature within the range of between 1300.degree. and 1500.degree. F. to precipitate fine gamma prime particles, and discrete carbide particles at grain boundaries.

Abstract: This protective coating, especially for aircraft bodies and the like, has one or more primer layers and one or more top coat layers, as well as an intermediate layer which is easily dissolved. The intermediate layer protects the primer when the top coat is removed for a new paint job.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the chemical and thermal treating of steel parts such as gear wheels, shafts and sleeves, for increasing their fatigue strength, hardness and wear resistance, the process being characterized by following the successive applied steps of phosphatizing, carburizing, hardening and tempering.

Abstract: A high strength steel especially suitable for diffusion chromizing and a method for making same is described. The high strength steel comprises a carbon content of 0.01 to 0.08%, 0.1 to 1.0% silicon, 0.5 to 2.2% manganese, 2.0 to 10% chromium, 0.01 to 0.4% molybdenum, 0.002 to 0.05% aluminum, up to 1% of a carbide former and iron with normal impurities. The low carbon steel is heated at an elevated temperature (e.g., 1100.degree. C.) in the presence of chromium to effect diffusion of the chromium into the steel surface whereby a diffusion layer with a high concentration of chromium is formed.

Abstract: A high adhesion uniform forsterite insulating film can be formed on the surface of a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet by the application of an annealing separator consisting mainly of magnesia having a narrow activity distribution defined by the citric acid activity of the magnesia which varies depending upon the variation of final reaction ratio of the magnesia as determined by the method for measuring the citric acid activity of magnesia, where the final reaction ratio of the magnesia is the ratio of that amount of the magnesia which finally reacts with citric acid to the total amount of magnesia mixed with the citric acid.

Abstract: The invention alloy has the following by-weight composition:______________________________________ carbon 0.05 to 0.60% nickel 20 to 55% chromium 15 to 40% silicon 0.5 to 2% manganese 0.5 to 2% nitrogen 0.03 to 0.20% niobium 0 to 2% tungsten and/or molybdenum 0 to 5% aluminium 2 to 8% copper 0 to 5% iron and usual impurities in as small quantities as the balance possible ______________________________________an increased resistance to carburization is obtained by endogenous formation of a barrier opposing the penetration of aluminium.

Abstract: Composite electrical contact composed of a copper base portion clad with a contact portion of Ag-SnO alloy. The contact and base portions are fusion bonded by an interfacial alloy layer of Ag and Cu and an adjacent diffusion layer of Cu as the result of heat-treatment of the contact at the eutectic temperature of Ag and Cu.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel containing from 0.02 to 0.06% carbon, from 0.015 to 0.15% manganese, from 0.0006 to 0.0080% boron, up to 0.0045% nitrogen, from 0.005 to 0.019% sulfur, no more than 0.0065% phosphorus and from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon; casting the steel; hot rolling the steel; welding the steel to another steel member of like chemistry; cold rolling the steel to a thickness no greater than 0.020 inch; decarburizing the steel; applying a refractory oxide coating to the steel; and final texture annealing the steel.

Abstract: The adherence and wear resistance of chromium alloy electroplates on titanium is improved by pretreating the substrate to form a chromium conversion coating, and post-treating the substrate at a temperature at about 700-820.degree. C. (1300-1500.degree. F.) for about 1-300 hours. The pretreatment is comprised of the formation of a chromium conversion coating from an acid chromate solution; a preferred solution is comprised of hydrofluoric acid, sodium chromate, and water. The post treatment causes diffusion sufficient to obtain a bond but avoids completely interdiffusing the chromium alloy electroplate, to preserve the wear resistance of the electroplate surface.

Abstract: Metal working operations, especially drawing, are facilitated by applying to the metal a composition which provides lubricity thereto, which melts at about 30.degree.-150.degree. C., and which comprises principally a polymer of a monoepoxide or monoepisulfide containing from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms. The composition may be applied in liquid form and solidifies on cooling to ambient and normal storage temperatures. Prior to application, the composition is preferably heated to a temperature higher than its melting temperature for ease of flow and uniform dispersion thereof onto the metal.

Abstract: A ferrous-based component is nitrided by subjecting the heated component to an atmosphere of ammonia and then to an atmosphere of an inert gas. The undesirable nitrogen-rich layer which was hitherto produced at the surface of the component in nitriding is reduced or eliminated in the process of the invention.

Abstract: A composite conductive structure in integrated circuit devices is described. The composite conductive structure includes an insulating substrate on which is provided a conductor of a refractory metal substantially nonreactive with silicon dioxide. A layer of a silicide of the refractory metal covers the conductor and a layer of silicon dioxide covers the layer of the silicide. A method of making such structures is also described.

Abstract: A heat resistant, structurally stable member is provided for in high temperature, heat treatment processing. It includes a core which has a high melting point higher than the processing temperature but which crystallizes, and so becomes frangible, at temperatures lower than the processing temperature. It is encased in a covering of a weldable, non-crystallizing alloy which may begin to soften at lower than processing temperatures, but is thick enough to be welded and to prevent loss of strength of the core due to crystalline shattering. Consequently, this structural member retains rigidity during high temperature usage.A plurality of structural members are welded together to form racks or baskets for holding parts during heat treatment in high temperature processing.

Abstract: Improved brightness and corrosion resistance are imparted to metal surfaces such as zinc plated surfaces, by treatment with a non-toxic solution comprised of sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, a silicate, certain primary organophosphorus compound promoters and at least one secondary promoter selected from ascorbic acid, boric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid and salts of said acids.

Abstract: Improved color, brightness and corrosion resistance are imparted to metal surfaces such as zinc plated surfaces, by treatment with a non-toxic solution comprised of sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, a silicate and at least one cationic triarylmethane dye. Certain organophosphorus compound additives further enhance the corrosion resistance.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy for use in the production of enameled articles or articles subjected to elevated temperature having the following composition (% by weight):______________________________________ Mn 0.9 to 1.5 Si 1.0 to 1.5 Cr 0.05 to 0.2 Mg < 0.2 Cu < 0.2 Fe .gtoreq. 0.4 Ni .gtoreq. 0.05 Fe + Ni + Co 0.8 to 2 ______________________________________remainder aluminum and normal impurities.

Abstract: Improved brightness and corrosion resistance are imparted to metal surfaces such as zinc plated surfaces, by treatment with a non-toxic solution comprised of sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and a silicate. Certain organophosphorus and organonitrogen compound additives further enhance the corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an improved base for offset printing plates comprising superimposing together two prerolled aluminum ribbons with an individual thickness of 0.12 to 0.5 mm, rolling the said superimposed ribbons to an individual ribbon thickness of 0.08 to 0.22 mm whereby the mutual contact surfaces have an uniform surface roughness, separating the two ribbons and forming a stable aluminum oxide layer on the uniformly roughened surfaces which have improved properties when used as a base for offset printing plates.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel containing from 0.02 to 0.06% carbon, from 0.0006 to 0.0080% boron, up to 0.0100% nitrogen and from 2.5 to 4% silicon; casting the steel; hot rolling the steel; cold rolling the steel to a thickness no greater than 0.020 inch; heat treating the steel at a temperature between 1550.degree. and 2000.degree. F. in a hydrogen-bearing atmosphere; removing at least 0.02 micron of surface from each side of the steel; heat treating the steel at a temperature between 1300.degree. and 1550.degree. F. in a hydrogen-bearing atmosphere; applying a refractory oxide coating to the steel and final texture annealing the steel.

Abstract: Card-clothing wire is manufactured for use on rollers in textile fibre processing machines. The wire is formed into a helical coil, with the teeth projecting radially from the rib of the wire, in the same manner as in the condition of use on the roller, and while in this helical coiled formation is subjected to a high temperature chromium diffusion process to produce a surface layer enriched with chromium, producing a surface hardness in excess of 1500 HV as measured on the Vickers hardness scale. Although the surface is well able to withstand the abrasive action of the fibres in use, it is not subjected to cracking, because of the precoiling of the wire before it is subjected to the diffusion process.

Abstract: Improved core losses at high operating inductions are obtained in (110) [001] oriented silicon iron through the application of a new coating to the finish gauge material and thereafter heat treating to effect transformation of the underlying steel to the (110) [001] orientation, desulfurizing the underlying steel as well as decarburizing the same. The coating, as fused, is characterized by excellent adherence and a high interlaminar resistance value.

Abstract: A pretreatment of cold-rolled steel sheet for annealing so as to suppress graphite formation on the surface thereof and nitrogenization during the annealing for recrystallization, by causing an effective amount of sulfur, aluminum, tin, arsenic, lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, and/or tellurium to exist on the steel sheet surface.

Abstract: A method of improving resistance of ferrous parts to wear failure such as galling and seizure, and parts having such increased resistance are disclosed. The invention includes a two step process wherein the part is first nitrided to provide a nitride case. A coating of molybdenum-disulfide (MoS.sub.2) is then applied over the nitrided case.

Abstract: An austenitic heat-resistant steel which forms an oxide film mainly composed of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere, consisting essentially of not more than 0.2% of C, not more than 1.0% of Si, not more than 2.0% of Mn, 12 to 37% of Ni, 9 to 25% of Cr, more than 4.5 but not more than 6% of Al, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb and Zr in a total amount of not more than 0.8%, with the balance being Fe; the .delta.-ferrite value of this steel, calculated from the formula set forth below, is from 0 to 7.9; this steel is removed of an internal oxide layer which has been formed just below the steel surface during hot working. ##EQU1## where Wi and Mi represent, respectively, the percent by weight and the atomic weight of Ti, Nb and Zr, and when the term ##EQU2## is negative this term is regarded as zero. This steel composition may contain one or more rare earth elements such as Y, Ce and La in a total amount of not more than 0.08%.

Abstract: A grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet has a plurality of linear fine strains having a traverse section of a concave hollow on it in the steel sheet shows a very low iron loss in its use.

Abstract: The surfaces of articles made of aluminum, such as annodized aluminum and bare aluminum, are treated with N-alkyl-fluoroaliphaticsulfonamidophosphonic acids or salts thereof to impart corrosion resistance to said surfaces.

Abstract: A method for gas carburization of workpieces made of steel in a furnace chamber, by which in the initial phase of the treatment more carbon than desired is released or dissolved in the workpiece surface and in the final phase of the treatment is decarburized to the desired edge carbon content by change of the quantity flow of the decarburizing gas. The decarburizing process is performed by exclusive introduction of a hydrogen-free, oxygen-containing decarburization gas in the furnace chamber.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel having up to 0.07% carbon, from 0.01 to 0.25% manganese, from 0.01 to 0.09% of material from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon, up to 1.0% copper, less than 0.009% aluminum and less than 0.0006% boron; casting the steel; hot rolling the steel; cold rolling the steel; normalizing the steel in a hydrogen-bearing atmosphere having a pH.sub.2 O/pH.sub.2 of from 0.015 to 0.3; applying a refractory oxide coating containing an oxide less stable than SiO.sub.2 at temperatures up to 2150.degree. F.; and final texture annealing the steel.

Abstract: A solar energy absorber consisting of a metallic copper or copper alloy substrate and a black to dark brown copper oxide coating on its surface. The copper oxide coating is formed by treating the surface of the substrate with an aqueous alkaline solution containing peroxodisulfuric acid or an inorganic peroxodisulfate. The solution may be activated by adding an oxidizing agent or applying ultraviolet or ultrasonic irradiation.

Abstract: Stainless steel is "activated" by blasting the metal surface with cast iron rit or cut steel blasting abrasive. Particles of ferrous metal abrasive are embedded in the corrosion resistant steel surface, causing a passive coating to form in a conventional phosphating or oxalating solution. This may be desirable to make the stainless steel surface non-reflective and more corrosion resistant.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for hot-rolling non-ferrous metal bar in a plural stage rolling mill are disclosed. Each stage of the rolling mill is provided with a plurality of work rolls which have a predetermined hardness and toughness depending on their intended use in the rolling mill to improve the uniformity of the useful life of the rolls among the various stages of the mill. A method of heat treating the work rolls and an improved forged steel work roll are also disclosed. The steel used to make the rolls is a forged chromium-molybdenum alloy steel having a chromium content in the range of 4.0 to 6.0 percent. The heat treatment process provides the working surfaces of the rolls with a dense, tightly-adhering oxide layer to protect the rolls from the high temperatures and pressures encountered during the hot-rolling operation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and compositions for coating aluminum in order to improve both corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. By using a coating composition consisting essentially of (a) polyacrylic acid or esters thereof and (b) at least one acid selected from the group consisting of H.sub.2 ZrF.sub.6, H.sub.2 TiF.sub.6, and H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6, the characteristics of the treated aluminum surfaces are improved, while process waste disposal problems associated with conventional chrome/phosphate coating are avoided.

Abstract: Metal working operations, especially drawing, are facilitated by applying to the metal a composition which provides lubricity thereto and which melts within the range of about 30.degree.-100.degree. C. The composition comprises at least one neutral ester, and preferably a mixture of esters, prepared from polyalkylene glycols and saturated aliphatic alcohols having at least about 10 carbon atoms, and C.sub.12-25 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and C.sub.4-20 aliphatic polycarboxylic acids. The preferred ester mixtures are prepared from polyethylene glycols, C.sub.14-20 predominantly straight chain alkanols, stearic acid and adipic, azelaic or sebacic acid. Optional ingredients include phosphorus acid salts and antioxidants. The composition may be applied in liquid form and solidifies on cooling to normal ambient and storage temperatures.

Abstract: Forsterite insulating films having a high adhesion on an oriented silicon steel sheet are formed by a method wherein an annealing separator consisting mainly of magnesia is applied on surfaces of the oriented silicon steel sheet and the steel sheet is wound up into a coil-form and then annealed at high temperatures to form forsterite insulating films, which is characterized by that the content of water carried into the coil together with the annealing separator is controlled depending upon the content of CaO component carried into the coil together with the annealing separator.

Abstract: Copper based substrates for use at high temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres are made up of a copper core overlaid with a protective nickel oxide barrier layer formed in situ and an external protective layer of nickel. The process for forming the protective nickel oxide barrier layer comprises the steps of subjecting the copper core to oxidation to form a cuprous oxide surface layer over the copper core, reducing the surface of the cuprous oxide layer to regenerate copper to regain conductivity, plating a surface layer of nickel over the copper layer, and annealing the coated copper core to scavenge at least some of the oxygen from the cuprous oxide layer and react it at the interface with the plated nickel layer to form the protective nickel oxide barrier layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are treatments for the manufacture of wear resistant steel surfaces, which are carburized, boronized, quenched and tempered for extreme surface hardness, with a strong, tough supporting base that minimizes fracturing of the brittle boronized case.

Abstract: By adding a relatively small amount of boron to the electrolytically-deposited Mg(OH).sub.2 coating on silicon-iron magnetic sheet containing a small but critical amount of boron, a substantial improvement in permeability of the finally-annealed product sheet material can be obtained.

Abstract: An improvement in a weldable coating for metallic substrates containing a high molecular weight epoxy or phenoxy resin, an electroconductive pigment such as zinc and a diluent such as a glycol ether wherein the improvement resides in replacing at least about 70 weight percent of said resin with a composition containing a low molecular weight epoxy resin such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, a phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound such as a phenolic hydroxyl terminated adduct of a diglycidyl ether of a diphenolic compound such as bisphenol A and a catalyst for effecting the reaction between the epoxy resin and the adduct.

Abstract: This application is concerned with the treatment of metal surfaces with stable solutions of hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid and water dispersible acrylic emulsion polymer to enhance the corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties of the metal; the coating uniquely having generally universal utility under a wide variety of paint systems and paint types.

Abstract: Brass-coated steel cord is provided with improved adhesive characteristics for use in tire making, by coating it with certain combinations of sulfur-containing accelerators and phosphate corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation and a permeability of at least 1870 (G/O.sub.e) at 10 oersteds. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of a silicon steel containing from 0.02 to 0.06% carbon, from 0.0006 to 0.0080% boron, up to 0.0100% nitrogen, no more than 0.008% aluminum and from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon; casting said steel; hot rolling said steel; cold rolling said steel; decarburizing said steel; applying a refractory oxide coating containing both boron and SiO.sub.2 ; and final texture annealing said steel.

Abstract: An object is made out of aluminum or aluminum alloy in a form such as foil, sheet, containers and the like and has a 5 to 25 .mu.m thick oxide layer produced by anodic oxidation. This oxide layer exhibits a crack-free elongation of at least 0.65 parts per thousand in the non-sealed condition and the ratio of the crack-free elongation of the oxide in the non-sealed condition to that in the colored, non-sealed condition lies between 1:1.2 and 1:5.5. Such an object can then be colored by heat-transfer printing without producing hair-line cracks in the oxide layer, which would give the image so produced an unattractive appearance.

Abstract: The magnetic properties of silicon-iron containing tin and very low sulfur are improved without impairing weldability by adding from 0.002 to 0.010 percent selenium to the melt.

Abstract: A steel torsional element includes a first or shaft portion for transmitting torque and a second portion, such as a gear, for transferring torque to another machine element. The entire torsional element is carburized and quenched to a first depth to provide wear-resistance and resistance to surface compressive fatigue in the second portion for the transferring of torque to another machine element. The quenching operation also provides a strong but ductile core for both portions of the steel torsional element. The shaft portion is then induction hardened to a second and greater depth to increase the torsional strength thereof.

Abstract: Addition of as little as six parts per million boron to the magnesia final anneal coating on silicon-iron strip containing only about 1.5 ppm insures secondary recrystallization while the addition of 70 ppm boron to the coating on a strip containing 10 to 15 ppm boron results in substantial reduction in losses without affecting permeability of the final product when the nitrogen content of the alloy is in the 80 to 90 ppm range.

Abstract: A solar heat collector comprising a metallic substrate having nodular or dendritic surfaces coated with a black absorber coating, and the method of preparing same.

Abstract: A method of making surface layers, with improved corrosion properties, on articles of iron-chromium alloys, and the article produced thereby. The article is heated in an oxygen containing gaseous atmosphere with a total vacuum of about 10.sup.-1 down to 10.sup.-8 mm Hg, preferably about 10.sup.-5 mm Hg, to a temperature, at which diffusion of the most reactive alloy component or components, primarily chromium, with respect to the tendency of combining with oxygen, to the surface becomes perceptible, at which temperature the remaining properties of the alloy substantially are maintained. For most iron-chromium alloys that temperature is between 300.degree. C. and 600.degree. C. The aforesaid condition of treatment, is maintained until a surface layer containing oxidized chromium has grown to a thickness of preferably 10.sup.-9 -10.sup.-7 m, and with respect to structure and composition is transformed from a condition on the surface to a condition in the matrix of the metal alloy.

Abstract: A process of producing an electrically insulative glass film on cold reduced silicon steel strip or sheet stock which will have a magnetic permeability greater than 1850 at 796 A/m after a final high temperature anneal which develops cube-on-edge orientation, which comprises applying an aqueous slurry containing magnesia, at least one boron compound, and up to 20% titanium dioxide, based on the weight of magnesia, drying the coating, and subjecting the coated stock to said final anneal, the total boron content being proportioned within the range of about 0.07% to about 0.30%, based on the weight of magnesia, in accordance with any two of the three parameters: particle size distribution, citric acid activity, and surface area, i.e., inversely to the bulk density of the dried coating. Improved core loss characteristics are obtained without sacrifice of permeability values.