Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are provided for producing a 3d-printable prepolymerized material. A device can include a reactor having a body including a housing having an exterior, and interior cavity, an input end, and an output end opposite of the input end, the output end comprising an opening, a loading hopper operably connected to the interior cavity of the housing, an auger supported within the interior cavity of the housing, a driving motor operably connected to the body configured to drive the auger; and a light emitting unit operably connected to the exterior of the housing.

Abstract: A method for obtaining the explosive charge in dry granular form as well as a device suitable for implementing the method. The method includes: filtering the suspension, by passing same through a static filter in order to obtain a cake containing the granular explosive charge agglomerated by residual liquid; dewatering the cake by subjecting the cake to pressurized gas; splitting the dewatered cake and obtaining a fluidized bed of the desired explosive charge by exposing the dewatered cake to at least one stream of gas; at least one stream of gas being injected, under the dewatered cake to impinge said dewatered cake, according to two consecutive modes and the gas having a humidity height below that of the dewatered cake and a dew point temperature higher than the injection temperature thereof; and stopping at least one stream of gas and recovering the explosive charge in dry, granular form.

Abstract: A method for estimating the detonation performance of a material is executed by first preparing a small sample of the material to be tested. That sample is lased with a laser beam having sufficient energy to induce a plasma from a portion of the sample and to produce a shock wave, without detonation of the sample. The velocity of the shock wave is then measured at different times. And a characteristic shock velocity determined for the material based on the relationship between shock velocity and time. The characteristic shock velocity represents the velocity of the shock wave at the point in time when the shock front expands freely without additional energy input from the plasma or subsequent chemical reactions. The characteristic shock velocity can be used to determine whether a material is non-energetic or energetic; if it is energetic, the estimated detonation performance can be determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a range of particulate energetic materials with tailored particle sizes and extremely narrow particle size distributions. The use of membrane emulsification apparatus provides a means of formulating explosives with a selectable particle size, without the use of milling techniques to physically reduce the size of the particulates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high performance hydrocarbon fuel characterized by a hydrogen content greater than 14.3% by weight, a hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio greater than 2.0 and/or a heat of combustion greater than 18.7 KBtu/lb. The disclosed fuels generally have a paraffin content that is at least 90% by mass and a C12-C20 isoparaffin content of at least 40% by mass.

Abstract: An economical, low residue, mortar increment propellant container manufactured of foamed celluloid, which is composed of 50 to 84% nitrocellulose, having a nitrogen content of from about 10.5 to about 13.5%, and about 15 to about 50% camphor. The burn rate of the foamed celluloid can be enhanced by the addition of energetic additives, such as energetic plasticizers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for preparing a pyrotechnic composition, to the use of a water-soluble cellulose ether binder, to a pyrotechnic composition, to a method for preparing a pyrotechnic charge, and to a pyrotechnic charge. The method of the invention comprises mixing the fibrous nitrocellulose in wet form with the one or more water-soluble cellulose ether binders and optionally one or more solvents, wherein the amount of organic solvent in the mixture is 10 wt. % or less based on total weight of the mixture.

Abstract: Novel non-toxic, heavy-metal free, zinc peroxide-containing, IR tracer compositions are provided herein, which, when incorporated into a medium caliber IR tracer projectile and fired, produce a dim visibility IR trace. Such IR tracer compositions comprise from about 65 to about 75% by weight, of zinc peroxide; from about 15 to about 25% by weight of a fuel which consists of sodium salicylate; and an effective amount of a binder which is selected from the group consisting of calcium resinate and cellulose acetate butyrate. The total percentage of the ingredients adds up to 100%. Medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles containing such IR tracer compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chlorine-containing pyrotechnic composition which is substantially free of per-chlorate which composition comprises a nitrocellulose which is derived from a fibrous nitrocellulose starting material that has at least partially been dissolved during the process of preparing the pyrotechnic composition, and a colorant. The invention further provides a firework article comprising said pyrotechnic composition, and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: An emulsion explosive including a discontinuous phase dispersed in a liquid fuel continuous phase and is provided. The discontinuous phase contains a liquid oxidizer other than an inorganic oxidizer salt. Also provided are articles of manufacture containing the emulsion explosive.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a vehicle occupant protection device (14) and a gas generating material (18). The gas generating material (18), when ignited, produces a combustion gas that actuates the vehicle occupant protection device (14). The gas generating material (18) comprises a single-base nitrocellulose composition that includes greater than 2%, by weight of the single-base composition, stabilizer. The stabilizer is a urea of an aromatic amine.

Abstract: This disclosure considers the use of specifically-sized Nitrocellulose particles of 75 ml fineness, free of other chemicals, as a flame enhancer in a Diazodinitrophenol primer mixture that is free of heavy metal constituents.

Abstract: Explosive or propellant compositions containing at least one nitrocellulose contain an additive including at least one substituted tetrazine in amounts effective to increase the burning rate of the composition. A preferred additive is 3,6-dihydrazino-s-tetrazine.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a vehicle occupant protection device (14) and a gas generating material (18). The gas generating material (18), when ignited, produces a combustion gas that actuates the vehicle occupant protection device (14). The gas generating material (18) comprises a single-base nitrocellulose composition that includes greater than 2%, by weight of the single-base composition, stabilizer. The stabilizer is a urea of an aromatic amine.

Abstract: A family of Class 1.3 propellant compositions comprising nitrocellulose, at least one of a selected group of plasticizing nitrate esters, a thermal stabilizer, carbon and an energetic solid, and a method of making the family of propellant compositions is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of protecting the occupants of a motor vehicle by an inflatable airbag.The invention relates to a process consisting in inflating an airbag (1) by a pyrotechnic generator (2) containing a double-composition charge (9) formed around a main charge having a linear burning rate V.sub.1 and at least part of the ignition faces of which are covered with a skin of moderate pyrotechnic composition having a linear burning rate V.sub.2 satisfying the relationship:0.05 V.sub.1 .ltoreq.V.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.5 V.sub.1.The invention thus makes it possible to inflate the airbag gradually during the first milliseconds of deployment of the latter.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquid propellant compositions containing an enetic material of organic nitrate esters. The organic nitrate esters of the present invention are complexed with a nitrate ester plasticizer, bismuth subsalicylate, and stabilizer to form liquid compositions with an appropriate energy, stability, and sensitivity that is useful as a propellant.

Abstract: A high-performance minimum smoke propellant composition comprising a high energy plasticizer blend and a lead salt which reduces the amount of smoke produced and enables the composition to sustain combustion at low pressure. The propellant is useful for various purposes, such as propelling man-rated, shoulder-launched rockets.

Abstract: A rubbery polymer is produced in situ in a cast double base propellant composition.

Abstract: Castable propellant formulations are provided including reduced toxicity ballistic modifiers that do not adversely increase the sensitivity of the propellant to shock detonation. Failure to adequately control the propellant burn rate often results in unacceptable performance of the propellant. Carbon can act as an effective ballistic, but not to the extent of metal compounds. It has been found that pasting a ballistic modifier, including ballistic modifiers containing lead, in an inert polymer modifies the burn rate of propellants while allowing the use of a reduced amount of modifier to achieve the same desired burn rate modification as the prior art, and therefore creating reduced shortcomings associated with the ballistic modifiers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the unexpected discovery that the use of single base or triple base propellant of small grain size in combination with a detonator and a booster, produces a blasting agent which has considerable commercial value. The resulting blasting agent exhibits favorable cost for performance characteristics.

Abstract: An energetic binder system useful for making TPE-LOVA propellants and energetic composites comprises at least one thermoplastic elastomer, at least one plasticizer, and nitrocellulose.

Abstract: A simulator which is chemically equivalent to an explosive, but is not detonable. The simulator has particular use in the training of explosives detecting dogs and calibrating sensitive analytical instruments. The explosive simulants may be fabricated by different techniques, a first involves the use of standard slurry coatings to produce a material with a very high binder to explosive ratio without masking the explosive vapor, and the second involves coating inert beads with thin layers of explosive molecules.

Abstract: Nitrocellulose propellant compositions are provided comprising as ballistic modifier a copper II complex of a C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 chain aliphatic carboxylic acid, advantageously in conjunction with one or more conventional ballistic modifiers for example, lead or copper compounds such as lead stearate, lead acetophthalate, lead .beta.-resorcylate and basic copper salicylate. The preferred complex is copper II caproate. The propellant compositions exhibit good quality plateau or mesa burning over a useful pressure range for a wide range of energy and burning rates. The copper II complexes are especially advantageous in cast double base propellants particularly because their solubility in the organic solvents used facilitates their incorporation into these compositions.

Abstract: Nitrocellulose propellant compositions are provided comprising zinc oxide as ballistic modifier, advantageously in conjunction with one or more conventional ballistic modifiers for example, lead or copper compounds such as lead stearate, lead acetophthalate, lead B-resorcylate and basic copper salicylate. The propellant compositions exhibit good quality plateau burning over a useful pressure range for a wide range of burning rates.

Abstract: Lead fluoride acts as a densifying and stabilizing ingredient for a propent.

Abstract: A stabilized high energy explosive, e.g. hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX) or the like, as a component of NC or plastic-bound propellant charge powders (Lova-TLP) or plastic-bound explosives (PBX) has a particle size up to 5 .mu.m and a stabilizer incorporated into the explosive particles. In order to produce such an explosive, it is proposed that the explosive in the dissolved form and with the stabilizer in the liquid phase is mixed with a proportion of up to approximately 6% and the mixture is brought by flash drying into the solid phase with a particle size of up to 5 .mu.m.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a formable homogeneous propellant composition and to a process employing same for production of a self-supporting formed propellant charge. The propellant composition comprises a mixture of propellant grains and solvent-filled microcapsules in proportions suitable for consolidation under pressure to form the self-supporting formed propellant charge. The solvent-filled microcapsules comprise solvent suitable for partially solvating the propellant grains. The mixture of propellant grains and solvent-filled microcapsules are placed in a forming mold under sufficient pressure to rupture at least a substantial portion of the microcapsules. Pressure is maintained for a time sufficient to form the self-supporting formed propellant charge, after which the propellant charge can be removed from the forming mold and cured by exposure to drying heat.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing plastic-bound propellant powders and explosives in crystalline form, with the apparatus including an extruder comprising a casing with a feed opening, optionally a solvent supply opening and one or two extruder shafts with kneading and conveying segments. For processing the plastic binders, which polymerize photochemically or under X-rays, a casing section transparent for the rays is provided, with polymerization within the extruder being initiated by UV/VIS or X-radiation sources arranged around it and the radiation intensity and/or the wavelength of the radiation are controlled as a function of the pressure difference over a given path in a compression zone of the extruder, in such a manner that the propellant or explosive strand or strands leave the extruder in a dimensionally stable and cuttable manner.

Abstract: Unsupported, compressed propellant charge elements of nitrocellulose grains, as well as propellant charges produced from these propellant charge elements are produced by coating the grains with an acrylate resin and shaping the grains into cylindrical elements. The novel propellant charge elements are manufactured practically without concomitant use of binders or adhesives; they have a cylindrical configuration and contain a coaxial, continuous bore. These elements are suitable as building blocks for propellant charges in ammunition, e.g., for machinegun-type cannons. These building blocks can be used in a very simple form economically directly for the manufacturing of such ammunition. These novel charges contain at least three of the novel propellant charge elements; in this connection, the combustion of these charges can be adjusted at will by varying the propellant charge elements in order to obtain optimum combustion properties.

Abstract: Triplebasic propellant powders consist of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin or an equivalently acting explosive oil and crystalline nitroguanidino, which are processed by mixing with one another and plasticizing the NC by means of a solvent, e.g. acetone, as well as by kneading the mixture and subsequent shaping to solid propellant powder bodies. In order to improve the thermal stability, particularly the cold embrittlement behaviour, at least one organic titanate from the group of monoalkoxy, chelate, quaternary, neoalkoxy, cycloheteroatom or coordinated titanates and/or at least one organic zirconate from the group of neoalkoxy zirconates is added to the propellant powder in a proportion of .ltoreq.2%, preferably .ltoreq.0.5%. This addition improves the chemical stability of the propellant powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a double-base propellent composition with low flame-glare emission, and a propellent composition thus obtained.The process of the invention consists in casting a nitrocellulose-based moulding powder with a nitroglycerine-based casting solvent. According to the invention, the moulding powder consists of a mixture of two powders, one of which contains the antiglare agents, and the weight ratio of the powder containing the antiglare agents to the other powder is between 15/85 and 50/50. The invention permits an antiglare agent to be added to a propellent composition without affecting the ballistic properties of the composition, while strengthening the antiglare effect of this agent.The invention is applicable particularly in the field of solid-fuel propulsion.

Abstract: The invention relates to propellant powders and specifically to stabilizers for nitrocellulose-based propellant powders.

Abstract: Nitrocellulose moistened with alcohol, particularly for polyurethane lacquers, characterized in that a lower aliphatic tertiary alcohol is used as moistening agent.

Abstract: A primer composition using manganese dioxide as the predominant oxidizer is disclosed. The manganese dioxide oxidizer is combined with a fuel source and non-metallic initiating explosive material. Various diazo, triazole, or tetrazole compounds may be used as non-metallic initiating explosives, although diazodinitrophenol is preferred. The combustion by-products of the invention do not include toxic oxides of lead, barium, or mercury. The invention therefore provides distinct safety and environmental advantages.

Abstract: A process for producing double base propellant powders deterred with Vinsol by diluting the Vinsol with isopropyl alcohol or similar solvent and then adding the solvent Vinsol solution to the propellant powder in a sweetie barrel in an intermittent manner proceeded by addition of graphite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cast explosive composition having a relatively high density and energy and a critical diameter no larger than about 150 mm at a temperature of 5.degree. C. The composition comprises inorganic oxidizer salt consisting primarily of ammonium nitrate, a water-immiscible organic liquid fuel, less than about 5% water, a sensitizer and an emulsifier which allows formation of a water-in-oil emulsion at an elevated formulation temperature but which also allows the emulsion to weaken and the inorganic oxidizer salt to crystallize at lower or ambient temperatures to produce a cast composition.

Abstract: A high density emulsion blasting agent and method is provided for increasing volume energy and optimizing booster sensitivity of water-in-oil emulsion blasting agents without loss of desirable handling characteristics of invert emulsions by utilizing an effective amount of a special sensitizing formulation in total or partial substitution for gas entraining density control agents.

Abstract: The present invention falls in the field of propellant charges for ballistic ammunitions which have combustible or a non-combustible casing. According to the invention, the ammunition is constituted by a casing 2 placed around a shell 1 and closed by a portion 3 which carries the primer 4. The casing contains a mixed charge constituted on one hand by fragmentable balls 5 and on the other hand, by grains 6 of propellant powder. The balls 5 are constituted by agglomerated propellant powder. The charges according to the invention may be prepared on an industrial scale very easily and in a very reproducible manner and they permit an appreciable increase of the coefficient of filling of the casing.

Abstract: Manufacturing gel free nitrocellulose lacquers in shorter time by less hazardous methods is disclosed. A low boiling solvent, miscible with polyol polymer and nitrate ester, is used during the manufacture to provide a lacquer premix comprising the polyol polymer and nitrocellulose. The premix may be a clear solution or an emulsion. Explosive nitrate esters are added to the lacquer premix and the resulting admixture sparged to reduce the water (if present) and low boiling solvent each to below about 0.02% by weight and form the gel free nitrocellulose lacquer.

Abstract: A nitrocellulose composition in the form of chips containing 50 to 80 wt % of nitrocellulose and less than 1 wt % of water is produced by adding to water-wetted nitrocellulose an organic solvent which dissolves nitrocellulose and polyurethane resin and is inert to isocyanate in an amount of 30 to 300 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of dry nitrocellulose, mixing, rolling or extrusion molding, drying at 30.degree. to 55.degree. C., and cutting. This composition is useful as nitrocellulose for magnetic tape binder.

Abstract: A hybrid gun propellant containing an oxidizer rich liquid monopropellant d an oxidizer deficient single based solid propellant.

Abstract: There is disclosed a multi-vessel autoclave which is suitable for use in a continuous process for purifying nitrocellulose made by the nitric acid-sulfuric acid nitration of cellulose. The autoclave comprises a plurality of adjacent cylindrical vessels wherein each common wall between the adjacent vessels has an opening for the passage of the nitrocellulose which is in a slurry. The openings are situated so the slurry flows in a serpentine path.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for removing trace sulfuric acid rom nitrocellulose fibers by dispersing the fibers in water and then subjecting them to ultrasonic energy for a time period and at an energy level sufficient to enhance the nitrocellulose fibers contact with water and facilitate sulfuric acid dispersal in the water. The waste water containing the traces of sulfuric acid contaminant from the nitrocellulose fibers is removed and the purified nitrocellulose fibers recovered.

Abstract: A family of gun propellants formulated with nitroaminoguanidine (NAGU), as an oxidizer, to reduce the isochoric flame temperature while providing high mass impetus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to propellant powders based on nitrocellulose, nitrated oil and polyvinyl nitrate and also to the process for their manufacture.The powders according to the invention contain between 50 and 75 parts by weight of nitrocellulose, between 5 and 25 parts by weight of nitrated oil and between 5 and 25 parts by weight of polyvinyl nitrate.The manufacturing process consists in malaxating the energy-producing bases in the presence of an acetone/alcohol mixture until a homogeneous paste is obtained, which is extruded, drained, chopped, soaked and dried, and the process is characterized in that(i) the proportion of acetone in the paste during malaxation is between 30 and 36% by weight, relative to the dry nitrocellulose and the dry polyvinyl nitrate, and in that the weight ratio acetone/alcohol is between 1.10 and 1.

Abstract: An improved explosive composition is disclosed and comprises a major portion of an explosive having a detonation velocity between about 1,500 and 10,000 meters per second and a minor amount of a getter additive comprising a non-explosive compound or mixture of non-explosive compounds capable of chemically reacting with free radicals or ions under shock initiation conditions of 2,000 calories/cm.sup.2 or less of energy fluence.

Abstract: A method and improved propellant composition for eliminating secondary mue flash in small and large caliber weapons without the increased smoke production or inhibiting burning characteristics through the step of incorporating a novel microencapsulated organic coolant additive into a conventional propellant composition wherein the microencapsulated coolant will survive the propellant flame zone intact so as to decompose down barrel to cool the bases exiting the weapon barrel. The preferred organic coolant is oxamide microencapsulated within a gelatin wall material and coated with Bakelite.TM..

Abstract: Smokeless crosslinked double-base propellant compositions having good mechanical properties over a wide temperature range are provided. The propellant compositions contain nitrocellulose, energetic plasticizer, a crosslinking agent which is a prepolymer of a hydroxy terminated polyester and a diisocyanate, lead salt and carbon black.

Abstract: The addition of monobasic cupric .beta.-resorcylate to a double base propant plasticized by only nitrate esters having primary nitroxy groups in order to obtain a plateau burning characteristic.